The effect of the multi-strain probiotic preparation EM Bokashi® on selected parameters of the cellular immune response in pigs

References

• Ahasan, A. S. M. L., Agazzi, A., Invernizzi, G., Bontempo, V., & Savoini, G. (2015). The beneficial role of probiotics in monogastric animal nutrition and health. Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research, 2(4), 116–132. https://doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2015.02.00041
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S. T., Hoon, J., Mun, H. S., & Yang, C. J. (2014). Evaluation of Lactobacillus and Bacillus-based probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in enteric microbial challenged weaned piglets. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2013.6355
   Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos, C., Georgoulakis, I. E., Tzivara, A., Kritas, S. K., Siochu, A., & Kyriakis, S. C. (2004). Field evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores, on the health status and performance of sows and their litters. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 88(11-12), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2004.00492.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso, L., Fontecha, J., & Cuesta, P. (2016). Combined effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and β-cyclodextrin on serum cholesterol in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition, 115(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515003736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf, R., Vasiljevic, T., Smith, S. C., & Donkor, O. N. (2014). Effect of cell-surface components and metabolites of lactic acid bacteria and probiotic organisms on cytokine production and induction of CD25 expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(5), 2542–2558. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandrick, M., Pieters, M., Pijoan, C., & Molitor, T. W. (2008). Passive transfer of maternal Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific cellular immunity to piglets. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 15(3), 540–543. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00466-07
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Begley, M., Hill, C., & Gahan, C. G. (2006). Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(3), 1729–1738. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.3.1729-1738.2006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betancur, C., Martínez, Y., Tellez-Isaias, G., Castillo, R., & Ding, X. (2021). Effect of oral administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 strain on sows during gestation-lactation and the derived impact on their progeny performance. Mediators of Inflammation, 6615960, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6615960
   Google Scholar
• Binns, R. M. (1994). The null/gamma delta TCR+ T cell family in the pig. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 43(1-3), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90122-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bland, I. M., Rooke, J. A., Bland, V. C., Sinclair, A. G., & Edwards, S. A. (2003). Appearance of immunoglobulin G in the plasma of piglets following intake of colostrum, with or without a delay in sucking. Animal Science Journal, 77(2), 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800059014
   Google Scholar
• Blavi, L., Solà-Oriol, D., Llonch, P., López-Vergé, S., Martín-Orúe, S. M., & Pérez, J. F. (2021). Management and feeding strategies in early life to increase piglet performance and welfare around weaning: A review. Animals, 11(2), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boersma, W. J., Zwart, R. J., Sinkora, J., Rehakova, Z., Haverson, K., & Bianchi, A. T. (2001). Summary of workshop findings for porcine B-cell markers. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 80(1-2), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00279-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, C. J., Cai, P. P., Hou, C. L., Zeng, X. F., & Qiao, S. Y. (2014). Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum I5007 to young piglets improved their health and growth. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 23(3), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65684/2014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charette, R., Bigras-Poulin, M., & Martineau, G.-P. (1996). Body condition evaluation in sows. Livstock Production Science, 46(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(96)00022-X
   Google Scholar
• Chattha, K. S., Vlasova, A. N., Kandasamy, S., Esseili, M. A., Siegismund, C., Rajashekara, G., & Saif, L. J. (2013). Probiotics and colostrum/milk differentially affect neonatal humoral immune responses to oral rotavirus vaccine. Vaccine, 31(15), 1916–1923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaucheyras-Durand, F., & Durand, H. (2010). Probiotics in animal nutrition and health. Beneficial Microbes, 1(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2008.1002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. J., Min, B. J., Cho, J. H., Kwon, O. S., Son, K. S., Kim, H. J., & Kim, I. H. (2006). Effects of dietary Bacillus-based probiotic on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in finishing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19(4), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. J., Son, K. S., Min, B. J., Cho, J. H., Kwon, O. S., & Kim, I. H. (2005). Effects of dietary probiotic on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(10), 1464–1468. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, J. H., Zhao, P. Y., & Kim, I. H. (2011). Probiotics as a dietary additive for pigs: A review. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(16), 2127–2134. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2011.2127.2134
   Google Scholar
• Choct, M. (2009). Managing gut health through nutrition. British Poultry Science, 50(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660802538632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J. Y., Shinde, P. L., Ingale, S. L., Kim, J. S., Kim, Y. W., Kim, K. H., Kwon, I. K., & Chae, B. J. (2011). Evaluation of multimicrobe probiotics prepared by submerged liquid or solid substrate fermentation and antibiotics in weaning pigs. Livestock Science, 138(1-3), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Close, W. H. (2000). Producing pigs without antibiotic growth promoters. Advances in Pork Production, 11, 47–56.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, J. R., Dunshea, F. R., Cottrell, J. J., Wijesiriwardana, U. A., & Pluske, J. R. (2019). Primiparous and multiparous sows have largely similar colostrum and milk composition profiles throughout lactation. Animals (Basel), 9(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9020035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Declerck, I., Dewulf, J., Piepers, S., Decaluwé, R., & Maes, D. (2015). Sow and litter factors influencing colostrum yield and nutritional composition. Journal of Animal Science, 93(3), 1309–1317. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Declerck, I., Dewulf, J., Sarrazin, S., & Maes, D. (2016). Long-term effects of colostrum intake in piglet mortality and performance. Journal of Animal Science, 94(4), 1633–1643. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, S. L., Edwards, S. A., & Kyriazakis, I. (2014). Management strategies to improve the performance of low birth weight pigs to weaning and their long-term consequences. Journal of Animal Science, 92(5), 2280–2288. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowarah, R., Verma, A. K., & Agarwal, N. (2017). The use of Lactobacillus as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters in pigs: A review. Animal Nutrition, 3(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2016.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dullemeijer, C., Zock, P., Coronel, R., Den Ruijter, H., Katan, M., Brummer, R., & Brouwer, I. (2008). Differences in fatty acid composition between cerebral brain lobes in juvenile pigs after fish oil feeding. British Journal of Nutrition, 100(4), 794–800. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508943737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbrother, J. M., Nadeau, E., & Gyles, C. L. (2005). Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: An update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies. Animal Health Research Reviews, 6(1), 17–39. https://doi.org/10.1079/AHR2005105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farmer, C., & Quesnel, H. (2009). Nutritional, hormonal, and environmental effects on colostrum in sows. Journal of Animal Science, 87(suppl_13), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, C. J. (2005). The immunological components of human milk and their effect on immune development in infants. The Journal of Nutrition, 135(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forner, R., Bombassaro, G., Bellaver, F. V., Maciag, S., Fonseca, F. N., Gava, D., Lopes, L., Marques, M. G., & Bastos, A. P. (2021). Distribution difference of colostrum-derived B and T cells subsets in gilts and sows. PloS one, 16(5), e0249366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaggia, F., Mattarelli, P., & Biavati, B. (2010). Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production. The International Journal of Food Microbiology, 141, S15–S28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaugler, H. R., Buchanan, D. S., Hintz, R. L., & Johnson, R. K. (1983). Sow productivity comparisons for four breeds of swine: Purebred and crossbred litters. Journal of Animal Science, 59(4), 941–947. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1984.594941x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, S., van Heel, D., & Playford, R. J. (2004). Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: Is it all gut flora modulation? Gut, 53(5), 620–622. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.034249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanekon, D., Prinsloo, J. F., & Schoonbee, H. J. (2000). A comparison of the effect of anolyte and Effective Microorganisms (Kyusei EMTM) on the faecal bacterial loads in the water and on fish produced in pig-cum-fish integrated production units. Water SA. http://www.emturkey.com.tr/eskisite/TR/dosya/1-126/h/02-a-comparison-of-the-effect-ofanolyte-and-effective-.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hasan, S., Junnikkala, S., Peltoniemi, O., Paulin, L., Lyyski, A., Vuorenmaa, J., & Oliviero, C. (2018). Dietary supplementation with yeast hydrolysate in pregnancy influences colostrum yield and gut microbiota of sows and piglets after birth. PloS One, 13(5), e0197586. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higa, T., & Parr, J. (1994). Beneficial and effective microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment. International Nature Farming Center, Atami, Japan (p. 16). Asia-Pacific Natural Agriculture Network-APNAN (1995). EM application manual. (first eds.) http://www.agriton.nl/apnanman.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hlavova, K., Stepanova, H., & Faldyna, M. (2014). The phenotype and activation status of T and NK cells in porcine colostrum suggest these are central/effector memory cells. Veterinary Journal, 202(3), 477–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm, B., Bakken, M., Klemetsdal, G., & Vangen, O. (2004). Genetic correlation between reproduction and production traits in swine. Journal of Animal Science, 82(12), 3458–3464. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.82123458x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurley, W. L., & Theil, P. K. (2011). Perspectives on immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk. Nutrients, 3(4), 442–474. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu3040442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inatomi, T., Amatatsu, M., Romero-Pérez, G. A., Inoue, R., & Tsukahara, T. (2017). Dietary probiotic compound improves reproductive performance of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus -infected sows reared in a Japanese commercial swine farm under vaccine control condition. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 1877. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inobe, M., & Schwartz, R. H. (2004). CTLA-4 engagement acts as a brake on CD41 T cell proliferation and cytokine production but is not required for tuning T cell reactivity in adaptive tolerance. Journal of Immunology, 173(12), 7239–7248. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, Y. D., Kang, K. W., Piao, L. G., Jeong, T. S., Auclair, E., Jonvel, S., D'Inca, R., & Kim, Y. Y. (2013). Effects of live yeast supplementation to gestation and lactation diets on reproductive performance, immunological parameters and milk composition in sows. Livestock Science, 152(2-3), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.12.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Käser, T., Gerner, W., Hammer, S. E., Patzl, M., & Saalmüller, A. (2008). Detection of Foxp3 protein expression in porcine T lymphocytes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 125(1-2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koketsu, Y. (2000). Productivity characteristics of high-performing swine farms. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215(3), 376–379. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.376
   Google Scholar
• Koketsu, Y., Tani, S., & Iida, R. (2017). Factors for improving reproductive performance of sows and herd productivity in commercial breeding herds. Porcine Health Management, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-016-0049-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konoplya, E. F., & Higa, T. (2000). EM application in animal husbandry – Poultry farming and its action mechanisms. Paper presented at the International Conference on EM Technology and Nature Farming, October 2000, Pyongyang, DPR Korea.
   Google Scholar
• Kumprechtova, D., Zobac, P., & Kumprecht, I. (2000). The effect of Sacchromyces cervisiae SC47 on chicken broiler performance and nitrogen output. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 45(4), 169–177.
   Google Scholar
• Kwon, H. K., Kim, G. C., Kim, Y., Hwang, W., Jash, A., Sahoo, A., Kim, J. E., Nam, J. H., & Im, S. H. (2013). Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by probiotic mixture is mediated by a shift in T helper cell immune response. Clinical Immunology, 146(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2013.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskowska, E., Jarosz, Ł, & Grądzki, Z. (2019). Effect of multi-microbial probiotic formulation Bokashi on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines profile in the serum, colostrum and milk of sows, and in a culture of polymorphonuclear cells isolated from colostrum. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Protein, 11(1), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9380-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavasani, S., Dzhambazov, B., Nouri, M., Fak, F., Buske, S., Molin, G., Thorlacius, H., Alenfall, J., Jeppsson, B., & Westrom, B. (2010). A novel probiotic mixture exerts a therapeutic effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mediated by IL-10 producing regulatory T cells. PLoS One, 5(2), e9009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Dividich, J., Rooke, J. A., & Herpin, P. (2005). Nutritional and immunological importance of colostrum for the new-born pig. Journal of Agricultural Science -Cambridge, 143(6), 469–485. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859605005642
   Google Scholar
• Le Jan, C. (1994). A study by flow cytometry of lymphocytes in sow colostrum. Research in Veterinary Science, 57(3), 300–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(94)90121-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Jan, C. (1996). Cellular components of mammary secretions and neonatal immunity: A review. Veterinary Research, 27(4-5), 403–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, W. C., Yun, H. M., Pi, S. H., & Kim, I. H. (2017). Supplementing lactation diets with herbal extract mixture during summer improves the performance of sows and nursing piglets. Annals of Animal Science, 17(3), 835–847. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löving, M., & Magnusson, U. (2002). Sows intramammarily inoculated with Escherichia coli at parturition. II efects on the densities of MHC class II+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the mammary gland. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 90(1-2), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00203-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunney, J. K., & Pescovitz, M. D. (1987). Phenotypic and functional characterization of pig lymphocyte populations. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 17(1-4), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(87)90134-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michałkiewicz, J., Krotkiewski, M., Gackowska, L., Wyszomirska-Gołda, M., Helmin-Basa, A., Dzierżanowska, D., & Madaliński, K. (2003). Immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 15(4), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/08910600310022729
   Google Scholar
• Mori, K., Ito, T., Miyamoto, H., Ozawa, M., Wada, S., Kumagai, Y., Matsumoto, J., Naito, R., Nakamura, S., Kodama, H., & Kurihara, Y. (2011). Oral administration of multispecies microbial supplements to sows influences the composition of gut microbiota and faecal organic acids in their post-weaned piglets. The Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 112(2), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mroz, Z. (2001). Some developments on Dutch nutritional approaches to protect piglets against post-weaning gastrointestinal disorders in the absence of in-feed antibiotics. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 10(Suppl. 1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/70018/2001
   Google Scholar
• Nechvatalova, K., Kudlackova, H., Leva, L., Babickova, K., & Faldyna, M. (2011). Transfer of humoral and cell-mediated immunity via colostrum in pigs. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 142(1-2), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC. (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine (10th rev. ed.). Natl. Acad. Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ogawa, S., Okutani, M., Tsukahara, T., Nakanishi, N., Kato, Y., Fukuta, K., Romero-Perez, G. A., Ushida, K., & Inoue, R. (2016). Comparison of gene expression profiles of T cells in porcine colostrum and peripheral blood. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 77(9), 961–968. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.77.9.961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piriou, L., Chevallier, S., Hutet, E., Charley, B., Le Potier, M. F., & Albina, E. (2003). Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of d/d histocompatible pigs against classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Veterinary Research, 34(4), 389–404. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomorska-Mol, M., Markowska-Daniel, I., & Bednarek, D. (2010). Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes in porcine mammary secretions. Bulletin Of The Veterinary Institute In Pulawy, 54(2), 188–192.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, P., & Allen, W. D. (1972). Classes of immunoglobulins related to immunity in the pig. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 160(4), 511–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prescott, S. L., Wickens, K., Westcott, L., Jung, W., Currie, H., Black, P. N., Stanley, T. V., Mitchell, E. A., Fitzharris, P., Siebers, R., Wu, L., & Crane, J. (2008). Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Bifidobacterium lactis probiotics in pregnancy increases cord blood interferon-gamma and breast milk transforming growth factor-beta and immunoglobin A detection. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 38(10), 1606–1614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03061.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quesnel, H. (2011). Colostrum production by sows: Variability of colostrum yield and immunoglobulin G concentrations. Animal, 5(10), 1546–1553. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111100070X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid, M. T., & West, J. (2007). Dairy waste water treatment with effective microorganisms and duckweed for pollutants and pathogen control. In M. K. Zaidi (Ed.), Wastewater reuse-risk assessment, decision-making and environmental security (pp. 93–102). Springler Link.
   Google Scholar
• Rhouma, M., Fairbrother, J. M., Beaudry, F., & Letellier, A. (2017). Post weaning diarrhea in pigs: Risk factors and non-colistin-based control strategies. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 59(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0299-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolfe, R. D. (2000). The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(2), 396S–402S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.2.396S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, M. E., & Huis in't Veld, J. (1999). Bringing a probiotic-containing functional food to the market: Microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 76(1/4), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002029204834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharek, L., Altherr, B. J., Tölke, C., & Schmidt, M. F. (2007). Influence of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 120(3-4), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.07.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharek, L., Guth, J., Reiter, K., Weyrauch, K. D., Tara, D., Schwerk, P., Schierack, P., Schmidt, M. F., Wieler, L. H., & Tedin, K. (2005). Influence of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain on development of the immune system of sows and piglets. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 105(1-2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.12.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharek-Tedin, L., Filter, M., Taras, D., Wrede, P., & Schmidt, M. F. G. (2009). Influence of an Enterococcus faecium probiotic on the development of Peyer's patches B cells in piglets. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 63(5), 343–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390903052771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharek-Tedin, L., Kreuzer-Redmer, S., Twardziok, S. O., Siepert, B., Klopfleisch, R., Tedin, K., Zentek, J., & Pieper, R. (2015). Probiotic treatment decreases the number of CD14-expressing cells in porcine milk which correlates with several intestinal immune parameters in the piglets. Frontiers in Immunology, 6, 108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schollenberger, A., Degorski, A., Frymus, T., & Schollenberger, A. (1986). Cells of sow mammary secretions.1. Morphology and differential counts during lactation. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 33(1-10), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1986.tb00502.x
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, M., Göttl, C., Young, R. J., Iwen, P., & Vanderhoof, J. A. (2004). Administration of oral probiotic bacteria to pregnant women causes temporary infantile colonization. The Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 38(3), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200403000-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamati, S., Alexopoulos, C., Siochu, A., Saoulidis, K., & Kyriakis, S. C. (2006). Probiosis in sows by administration of bacillus toyoi spores during late pregnancy and lactation: Effect on their health status/performance and on litter characteristics. The International Journal of Probiotics & Prebiotics, 1(1), 33–40.
   Google Scholar
• Sydora, B. C., Tavernini, M. M., Wessler, A., Jewell, L. D., & Fedorak, R. N. (2003). Lack of interleukin-10 leads to intestinal inflammation, independent of the time at which luminal microbial colonization occurs. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 9(2), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/00054725-200303000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, N., & Patterson, R. A. (2003). Effective microorganisms (EM) and wastewater systems in future directions for on-site systems: Best management practice. In R. A. Patterson, & M. J. Jones (Eds.), Proceedings of on-site conference (pp. 347–354). University of New England, Lanfax Laboratories Armidale.
   Google Scholar
• Tankou, S. K., Regev, K., Healy, B. C., Cox, L. M., Tjon, E., Kivisakk, P., Vanande, I. P., Cook, S., Gandhi, R., & Glanz, B. (2018). Investigation of probiotics in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 24(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517737390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theil, P. K., Lauridsen, C., & Quesnel, H. (2014). Neonatal piglet survival: Impact of sow nutrition around parturition on fetal glycogen deposition and production and composition of colostrum and transient milk. Animal, 8(7), 1021–1030. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114000950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokach, M. D., Goodband, B. D., & O'Quinn, T. G. (2016). Performance-enhancing technologies in swine production. Animal Frontiers, 6(4), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2016-0039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, J. L., Dritz, S. S., & Minton, J. E. (2001). Review: Alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in swine diets. The Professional Animal Scientist, 17(4), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31633-8
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, M. C., Gardiner, G. E., Hart, O. M., Lawlor, P. G., Daly, M., Lynch, B., Richert, B. T., Radcliffe, S., Giblin, L., Hill, C., Fitzgerald, G. F., Stanton, C., & Ross, P. (2008). Predominance of a bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus salivarius component of a five-strain probiotic in the porcine ileum and effects on host immune phenotype. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 64(2), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00454.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, A. N., Yi, X. W., Yu, H. F., Dong, B., & Qiao, S. Y. (2009). Free radical scavenging activity of Lactobacillus fermentum in vitro and its antioxidative effect on growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107(4), 1140–1148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04294.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Ji, G. F., Hou, C. L., Wang, S. X., Zhang, D. Y., Liu, H., Shan, D. C., & Wang, Y. M. (2014). Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii XS4 supplementation on reproductive performance gut environment and blood biochemical and immunological index in lactating sows. Livestock Science, 164, 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S. P., Yin, Y. L., Qian, Y., Li, L. L., Li, F. N., Tan, B. E., Tang, X. S., & Huang, R. L. (2011). Effects of folic acid on the performance of suckling piglets and sows during lactation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(13), 2371–2377. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warda, A., Rekiel, A., Blicharski, T., Batorska, M., Sońta, M., & Więcek, J. (2021). The effect of the size of the litter in which the sow was born on her lifetime productivity. Animals, 11(6), 1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, K., Bui, T., Li, G., Liu, F., Li, Y., Kocher, J., & Yuan, L. (2012). Characterization of immune modulating functions of γδ T cell subsets in a gnotobiotic pig model of human rotavirus infection. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 35(4), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2012.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P. P. (1993). Immunomodulating effects of intestinal absorbed maternal colostral leukocytes by neonatal pigs. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(1), 1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., Chen, F., Zhang, Y., Lv, Y., Heng, J., Min, T., Li, L., & Guan, W. (2018). Recent progress of porcine milk components and mammary gland function. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 9(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0291-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao, H. M., Huang, X. Y., Zuo, Z. Q., Pan, Q. H., Ao, M. Y., Zhou, F., Liu, H. N., Liu, Z. Y., & Liu, D. Y. (2013). Probiotics increase T regulatory cells and reduce severity of experimental colitis in mice. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19(5), 742–749. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, D., Zhu, Y.-H., Zhang, W., Wang, M.-L., Fan, W.-Y., Song, D., Yang, G.-Y., Jensen, B. B., & Wang, J.-F. (2015). Oral administration of a select mixture of Bacillus probiotics generates Tr1 cells in weaned F4ab/acR− pigs challenged with an F4+ ETEC/VTEC/EPEC strain. Veterinary Research, 46(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-015-0223-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zuckermann, F. A., & Husmann, R. J. (1996). Functional and phenotypic analysis of porcine peripheral blood CD4/CD8 double-positive T cells. Immunology, 87(3), 500–512. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.494570.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckermann, F. A., Pescovitz, M. D., Aasted, B., Domingeuz, J., Trebichavsky, L., Novikov, B., Valpotic, I., Nielsen, J., Arn, S., Sachs, D. H., Lunney, J. K., Boyd, P., Walker, J., Lee, R., Davis, W. C., Barbosa, I. R., & Saalmüller, A. (1998). Report on the analyses of mAb reactive with porcine CD8 for the second international swine CD workshop. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 60(3–4), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00106-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar