HIV/AIDS and maternity care in Kenya: how fears of stigma and discrimination affect uptake and provision of labor and delivery services

References

• Airhihenbuwa , C.O. 2007 . On being comfortable with being uncomfortable: Centering an Africanist vision in our gateway to global health . Health Education and Behavior , 34 : 31 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bain Brickley , D. , Hahn , D.L.D. , Nguyet , L.T. , Giang , L.T. , & Sohn , A. 2006 . Qualitative study of the challenges to seeking health care among HIV-positive pregnant women in Ho Chi Minh City . Paper presented at the XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Bond , V. , Chase , E. and Aggleton , P. 2002 . Stigma, HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia . Evaluation and Program Planning , 25 : 347 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , V. and Clarke , V. 2006 . Using thematic analysis in psychology . Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3 : 77 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Central Bureau of Statistics (Kenya), Ministry of Health (Kenya), & ORC Macro . 2004 . Kenya demographic and health survey 2003 . Calverton , MD : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Dovlo , D. 2005 . Wastage in the health workforce: Some perspectives from African countries . Human Resources for Health , 3 : 6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Etiebet , M.A. , Fransman , D. , Forsyth , B. , Coetzee , N. and Hussey , G. 2004 . Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission into antenatal care: Learning from the experiences of women in South Africa . AIDS Care , 16 : 37 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Family Care International & Blancroft Research International LLC . 2005 . Patterns in seeking skilled care at delivery: Household survey findings from Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Tanzania . New York : FCI, The Skilled Care Initiative .
   Google Scholar
• Gerein , N. , Green , A. and Pearson , S. 2006 . The implications of shortages of health professionals for maternal health in sub-saharan Africa . Reproductive Health Matters , 14 : 40 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , W. , & Hussein , J. 2003 . Measuring and estimating maternal mortality in the era of HIV/AIDS (No. UN/POP/MORT/2003/8) . New York : Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , G.E. and McIntyre , J.A. 2007 . HIV and pregnancy . British Medical Journal , 334 : 950 – 953 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathole , T. , Lindmark , G. and Ahlberg , B.M. 2006 . Knowing but not knowing: Providing maternity care in the context of HIV/AIDS in rural Zimbabwe . African Journal of AIDS Research , 5 : 133 – 139 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIntyre , J. 2003 . Mothers infected with HIV . British Medical Bulletin , 67 : 127 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medley , A. , Garcia-Moreno , C. , McGill , S. and Maman , S. 2004 . Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries: Implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 82 : 299 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misiri , H.E. , Tadesse , E. and Muula , A.S. 2004 . Are public antenatal clinics in Blantyre, Malawi, ready to offer services for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV? . African Journal of Reproductive Health , 8 : 64 – 70 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muhr , T. 2004 . Atlas-ti (Version 5.2.9) . Berlin , , Germany : Atlas-ti Scientific Software Development GmbH .
   Google Scholar
• National AIDS and STI Control Programme of the Ministry of Health (Kenya) . 2005 . AIDS in Kenya (7th ed) . Nairobi , , Kenya : NASCOP .
   Google Scholar
• National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development (Kenya), Ministry of Health [Kenya], Central Bureau of Statistics (Kenya), & ORC Macro . 2005 . Kenya service provision assessment survey 2004 . Nairobi , , Kenya : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Ortega , N.L. , Bicaldo , B.F. , Sobritchea , C. and Tan , M.L. 2005 . Exploring the realities of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in Manila, Philippines . AIDS Care , 17 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S153 – S164 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perez , F. , Zvandaziva , C. , Engelsmann , B. and Dabis , F. 2006 . Acceptability of routine HIV testing (“opt-out”) in antenatal services in two rural districts of Zimbabwe . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 41 : 514 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PlusNews . 2006 . Uganda: HIV-positive women stigmatized by major hospital [Electronic Version] . IRIN PlusNews , 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2007 from http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=39465
   Google Scholar
• Reidpath , D.D. and Chan , K.Y. 2005 . HIV discrimination: Integrating the results from a six-country situational analysis in the Asia Pacific . AIDS Care , 17 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S195 – S204 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reis , C. , Heisler , M. , Amowitz , L.L. , Moreland , R.S. , Mafeni , J.O. Anyamele , C. 2005 . Discriminatory attitudes and practices by health workers toward patients with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria . PLoS Medicine , 2 : e246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS . 2005 . The female AIDS epidemic: 2005 . Geneva , , Switzerland : UNAIDS, Global Coalition on Women and AIDS .
   Google Scholar
• Van't Hoog , A.H. , Mbori-Ngacha , D.A. , Marum , L.H. , Otieno , J.A. , Misore , A.O. Nganga , L.W. 2005 . Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in western Kenya: Operational issues . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 40 : 344 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO . 2005 . Word health report 2005: Make every mother and child count . Geneva , , Switzerland : Author .
   Google Scholar
• WHO, UNICEF, & UNFPA . 2004 . Maternal mortality in 2000: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA . Geneva , , Switzerland : Author .
   Google Scholar