What do we know about older adults and HIV? a review of social and behavioral literature

References

• Akers, A., Bernstein, L., Henderson, S., Doyle, J., & Corbie-Smith, G. (2007). Factors associated with lack of interest in HIV testing in older at-risk women. Journal of Women's Health, 16, 842–858. doi:10.1089/jwh.2006.0028
   Google Scholar
• Altschuler , J. , Katz , A.D. and Tynan , D. 2004 . Developing and implementing an HIV/AIDS educational curriculum for older adults . The Gerontologist , 44 : 121 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altschuler, J., Katz, A.D., & Tynan, M.A. (2007). Implications for HIV/AIDS research and education among ethnic minority older adults. Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 7, 209–228. doi:10.1080/15381500802307476
   Google Scholar
• Barclay, T.R., Hinkin, C.H., Castellon, S.A., Mason, K.I., Reinhard, M.J., Marion, S.D., Durvasula, R.S. (2007). Age-associated predictors of medication adherence in HIV-positive adults: Health beliefs, self-efficacy, and neurocognitive status. Health Psychology, 26(1), 40–49. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.1.40
   Google Scholar
• Brandstader , J. 1990 . “ Development as a personal and cultural construction ” . In Everyday understanding: Social and scientific implications , Edited by: Semin , G. and Gergen , K. 83 – 107 . Newbury Park : Sage Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (1998). AIDS among persons aged greater than or = to 50 Years – United States, 1991–1996. (DHHS MMWR, 47(2), 21–27). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050856.htm
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2008). HIV/AIDS among persons aged 50 and older. (DHHS Last Modified: February 12, 2008) Retrieved December 13, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/over50/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2010). Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas, 2008. (DHHS HIV Surveillance Report, Vol. 20). Retrieved December 13, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2008report/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Crystal , A. and Sambamoorthi , U. 1998 . Health needs and services delivery for older persons with HIV/AIDS . Research on Aging , 20 : 739 – 759 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crystal , S. , Akincigil , A. , Sambamoorthi , U. , Wenger , N. , Fleishman , J.A. , Zingmond , D.S. and Shapiro , M.F. 2003 . The diverse older HIV-positive population: A national profile of economic circumstances, social support, and quality of life . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 33 : S76 – S83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crystal , S. , LoSasso , A. and Sambamoorthi , U. 1999 . Incidence and duration of inpatient hospitalizations among persons with AIDS: An event history approach . Health Services Research , 33 : 1611 – 1638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , J.W. , Morgan , W.M. , Hardy , A.M. , Jaffe , H.W. , Darrow , W.W. and Dowdle , W.R. 1985 . The epidemiology of AIDS: Current status and future prospects . Science , 229 : 1352 – 1357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effros , R.B. , Fletcher , C.V. , Gebo , K. , Courtney , V. , Halter , J.B. , Hazzard , W.R. and High , K.P. 2008 . Aging and infectious diseases: Workshop on HIV infection and aging – What is known and future research directions . Clinical Infectious Disease , 47 : 542 – 553 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet, C.A. (2005). Measuring stigma in older and younger adults with HIV/AIDS: An analysis of an HIV stigma scale and initial exploration of subscales. Research on Social Work Practice, 15, 291–300. doi:10.1177/1049731504273250
   Google Scholar
• Emlet , C.A. 2006a . A comparison of HIV stigma and disclosure patterns between older and younger adults living with HIV/AIDS . AIDS Patient Care and STDs , 20 : 350 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet , C.A. 2006b . An examination of the social networks and social isolation in older and younger adults living with HIV/AIDS . Health and Social Work , 31 : 299 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet , C.A. 2006c . You're awfully old to have this disease”: Experiences of stigma and ageism in adults 50 years and older living with HIV/AIDS . The Gerontologist , 46 : 781 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet, C.A. (2007). Experiences of stigma in older adults living with HIV/AIDS: A mixed method analysis. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 21(10), 740–752. doi:10.1089/apc.2007.0010
   Google Scholar
• Emlet, C.A. (2008). Truth and consequences: A qualitative exploration of HIV disclosure in older adults. AIDS Care, 20, 710–717. doi:10.1080/09540120701694014
   Google Scholar
• Emlet , C.A. and Berghuis , J.P. 2002 . Service priorities, use and needs: Views of older and younger consumers living with HIV/AIDS . Journal of Mental Health and Aging , 8 : 307 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Emlet , C.A. and Farkas , K.J. 2001 . A descriptive analysis of older adults with HIV/AIDS in California . Health and Social Work , 26 : 226 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet , C.A. and Farkas , K.J. 2002 . Correlates of service utilization among midlife and older adults with HIV/AIDS: The role of age in the equation . Journal of Aging and Health , 14 : 315 – 335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet, C.A., Gerkin, A., & Orel, N. (2009) The graying of HIV/AIDS: Preparedness and needs of the aging network in a changing epidemic. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52, 803–814. doi:10.1080/01634370903202900
   Google Scholar
• Emlet, C.A., Tozay, S., & Raveis, V.H. (2010). “I'm Not Going to Die from the AIDS”: Resilience in aging with HIV disease. The Gerontologist, 1–11. doi:10.1093/geront/gnq060
   Google Scholar
• Erikson , E. 1963 . Childhood and society , New York : W.W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , D. 2002 . Database searches for qualitative research . Journal of the Medical Library Association , 90 : 290 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferro , S. and Salit , I.E. 1992 . HIV infection in patients over 55 years of age . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 5 : 348 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , B.J. 1995 . Successful aging, life satisfaction, and generativity in later life . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 41 ( 3 ) : 239 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, P.P., & Gaskins, S.W. (2009). Older African Americans’ management of HIV/AIDS stigma. AIDS Care, 21, 1306–1312. doi:10.1080/09540120902803141
   Google Scholar
• Fry , C. 1999 . “ Anthropological themes of age and aging ” . In Handbook of theories and aging , Edited by: Bengston , V. and Schaie , K. 271 – 296 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Gosselink, C., & Myllykangas, S. (2007). The leisure experiences of older U.S. women living with HIV/AIDS. Health Care for Women International, 28, 3–20. doi:10.1080/07399330601001402
   Google Scholar
• Green, T.C., Kershawa, T., Linc, H., Heimerb, R., Gouletb, J.L., Kraemerg, K.L., Justice, A.C. (2010). Patterns of drug use and abuse among aging adults with and without HIV: A latent class analysis of a US veteran cohort. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110(3), 208–220. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.020
   Google Scholar
• Greenhalgh , T. and Peacock , R. 2005 . Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: Audit of primary sources . British Medical Journal , 331 : 1064 – 1065 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grov, C., Golubb, S.A., Parsons, J.T., Brennane, M., & Karpiak, S.E. (2010). Loneliness and HIV-related stigma explain depression among older HIV-positive adults. AIDS Care, 22, 630–639. doi:10.1080/09540120903280901
   Google Scholar
• Hardy, D.J., & Vance, D.E. (2009). The neuropsychology of HIV/AIDS in older adults. Neuropsychology Review, 19, 263–272. doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9087-0
   Google Scholar
• Hareven , T. 1993 . Family time and industrial time , New York : University Press of America .
   Google Scholar
• Heckman , T.G. , Kochman , A. and Sikkema , K.J. 2002 . Depressive symptoms in older adults living with HIV disease: Application of the chronic illness quality of life model . Journal of Mental Health and Aging , 8 : 267 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , S.J. , Bernstein , L.B. , St. George , D.M. , Doyle , J.P. , Paranjape , A.S. and Corbie-Smith , G. 2004 . Older women and HIV: How much do they know and where are they getting their information? . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 52 : 1549 – 1553 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinkin, C.H., Hardy, D.J., Mason, K.I., Castellon, S.A., Durvasula, R.S., Lam, M.N., & Stefaniak, M. (2004). Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: Effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse. AIDS, 18(Suppl. 1), S19–S25.
   Google Scholar
• Holtgrave , D. , Qualls , N. , Curran , J. , Valdiserri , R. , Guinan , M. and Parra , W. 1995 . An overview of the effectiveness and efficiency of HIV prevention programs . Public Health Reports , 110 : 134 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, F., Early, K., Myers Schim, S., & Penprase, B. (2005). HIV knowledge, perceived seriousness and susceptibility, and risk behaviors of older African Americans. The Journal of Multicultural Nursing and Health, 11, 56–62.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, C.J., Heckman, T.G., Hansen, N.B., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K.J. (2009). Adherence to antiretroviral medication in older adults living with HIV/AIDS: A comparison of alternative model. AIDS Care, 21, 541–551. doi:10.1080/09540120802385611
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , W.A. and Sterk , C.E. 2003 . Late-onset crack users: An emergent HIV risk group . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 33 : S229 – S232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce , G.F. , Goldman , D.P. , Leibowitz , A.A. and Alpert , A. A. 2005 . Socioeconomic profile of older adults with HIV . Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved , 16 : 19 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justice, A.C. (2010). HIV and aging: Time for a new paradigm. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 7, 69–76. doi:10.1007/s11904-010-0041-9
   Google Scholar
• Justice, A.C., & Weissman, S. (1998). The survival experience of older and younger adults with AIDS: Is there a growing gap in survival? Research on Aging, 20, 665–685. doi:10.1177/0164027598206003
   Google Scholar
• Keigher, S.M., Stevens, P.E., & Plach, S.K. (2004). Midlife women with HIV: Health, social, and economic factors shaping their futures. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 3, 43–58. doi:10.f300/j187v03n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Keitz , S.A. , Bastian , L.A. , Bennet , C.L. , Oddone , E.Z. , DeHovitz , J.A. and Weinstein , R.A. 1996 . AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older patients . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 11 : 591 – 596 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy , J. , Holmes , D. and Smith , M. 2003 . Conceptual and methodological issues in research on age and aging . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 33 : S206 – S217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, T., Heckman, T., Sikkema, K., Hansen, N., Kochman, A., Suhr, J., Johnson, C. (2008). Patterns and correlates of sexual activity and condom use behavior in persons 50-plus years of age living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 12, 943–956. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9384-2
   Google Scholar
• Luther, V.P., & Wilkin, A.M. (2007). HIV infection in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 23, 567–583.
   Google Scholar
• Lyles, C.M., Kay, L.S., Crepaz, N., Herbst, J.H., Passin, W.F., Kim, A.S., Mullins, M.M. (2007). Best-evidence interventions: Findings from a systematic review of HIV behavioral interventions for US populations at high risk, 2000–2004. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 133–143.
   Google Scholar
• Mack , K.A. and Bland , S.D. 1999 . HIV testing behaviors and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS of adults aged 50–64 . The Gerontologist , 39 : 687 – 694 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes , C.A. and Louis , M. 2003 . Knowledge of AIDS, perceived risk of AIDS, and at-risk sexual behaviors among older adults . The Journal for Nurse Practitioners , 15 : 509 – 516 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McAdams, D.P. (2006). The redemptive self: Generativity and the stories Americans live by. Research in Human Development, 3(2), 81–100. doi:10.1207/s15427617rhd0302&3_2
   Google Scholar
• Moss , R. and Miles , S. 1987 . AIDS and the geriatrician . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 35 : 460 – 464 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M.J., Castellano, C., Edelman, D., & Hicks, C. (2007). Late diagnosis of HIV infection: The role of age and sex. The American Journal of Medicine, 120, 370 – 373 . doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.050
   Google Scholar
• Neugarten , B.L. and Hagestad , G.O. 1976 . “ Age and the life course ” . In Handbook of aging and the social sciences , Edited by: Binstock , R. and Shanas , E. 35 – 55 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Nokes, K.M., Holzemer, W.I., Corless, I.B., Bakken, S., Brown, M.A., Powell-Cope, G.M., Turner, J. (2000). Health-related quality of life in persons younger and older than 50 who are living with HIV/AIDS. Research on Aging, 22, 290–310. doi:10.1177/0164027500223004
   Google Scholar
• Orel , N.A. , Wright , J.M. and Wagner , J. 2004 . Scarcity of HIV/AIDS risk reduction materials targeting the needs of older adults among state departments of public health . The Gerontologist , 44 : 693 – 696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piette, J., Watchel, T.A., Mor, V., & Mayer, K. (1995). The impact of age on the quality of life in persons with HIV infection. Journal of Aging and Health, 7, 163–178. doi:10.1177/089826439500700201
   Google Scholar
• Plach, S.K., Stevens, P.E., & Keigher, S. (2005). Self-care of women growing older with HIV and/or AIDS. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27, 534–553. doi:10.1177/0193945905275973
   Google Scholar
• Poindexter, C.C., & Shippy, R.A. (2010). HIV diagnosis disclosure: Stigma management and stigma resistance. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53, 366–381. doi:10.1080/01634371003715841
   Google Scholar
• Riley , M. , Ory , M. and Zablotsky , D. 1989 . AIDS in an aging society , NY : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Schable , B. , Chu , S.Y. and Diaz , T. 1996 . Characteristics of women 50 years of age or older with heterosexually acquired AIDS . American Journal of Public Health , 86 : 1616 – 1633 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheer, J. & Luborsky, M. (1991). Cultural context of polio biographies. Orthopedics, 14(11), 1173–1181.
   Google Scholar
• Schensul , J.J. , Levy , J.A. and Disch , W.B. 2003 . Individual, contextual, and social network factors affecting exposure to HIV/AIDS risk among older residents living in low-income senior housing complexes . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 33 : S138 – S152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrimshaw , E.W. and Siegel , K. 2003 . Perceived barriers to social support from family and friends among older adults with HIV/AIDS . Journal of Health Psychology , 8 : 738 – 752 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Settersten , R.A. and Mayer , K.U. 1997 . The measurement of age, age structuring, and the life course . Annual Review of Sociology , 23 : 233 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A., Howard, A.A., Klein, R.S., Schoenbaum, E.E., Buono, D., & Webber, M.P. (2007). Body image in older men with or at-risk for HIV infection. AIDS Care, 19, 235–241. doi:10.1080/09540120600774354
   Google Scholar
• Shippy, R.A., & Karpiak, S.E. (2005). Perceptions of support among older adults with HIV. Research on Aging, 27, 290–306. doi:10.1177/0164027504273780
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, K., Bradley, C.J., & Lekas, H.M. (2004). Causal attributions for fatigue among late middle-aged and older adults with HIV infection. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 28, 211–224. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.12.015
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. , Raveis , V. and Karus , D. 1998 . Perceived advantages and disadvantages of age among older HIV-infected adults . Research on Aging , 20 : 686 – 711 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. and Schrimshaw , E.W. 2002 . The perceived benefits of religious and spiritual coping among older adults living with HIV/AIDS . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 41 : 91 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. and Schrimshaw , E.W. 2003 . Reasons for the adoption of celibacy among older men and women living with HIV/AIDS . Journal of Sex Research , 40 : 189 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, K., Schrimshaw, E.W., Brown-Bradley, C.J., & Lekas, H.M. (2010). Sources of emotional distress associated with diarrhea among late middle-age and older HIV-infected adults. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 40(3), 353–369. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.01.018
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. , Schrimshaw , E.W. and Dean , L. 1999a . Symptom ambiguity among late-middle-aged and older adults with HIV . Research on Aging , 21 : 595 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. , Schrimshaw , E.W. and Dean , L. 1999b . Symptom interpretation: Implications for delay in HIV testing and care among HIV-infected late-middle-aged and older adults . AIDS Care , 11 : 525 – 535 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , K. , Schrimshaw , E.W. and Raveis , V.H. 2000 . Accounts of non-adherence to antiviral combination therapies among older HIV-infected adults. Psychology . Health & Medicine , 5 : 29 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Skiest , D.J. and Keiser , P. 1997 . Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in patients older than 50 years: A survey of primary care physicians’ beliefs, practices and knowledge . Archives of Family Medicine , 6 : 289 – 294 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Small, L.F. (2010). What older adults know about HIV: Lessons from an HIV/AIDS education program. Educational Gerontology, 36, 26–45. doi:10.1080/03601270903058317
   Google Scholar
• Sormanti, M., & Shibusawa, T. (2007). Predictors of condom use and HIV testing among midlife and older women seeking medical services. Journal of Aging and Health, 19, 705–719. doi:10.1177/0898264307301173
   Google Scholar
• Stall , R. and Catania , J. 1994 . AIDS risk behaviors among late middle-aged and elderly Americans. The National AIDS Behavioral Surveys . Archives of Internal Medicine , 154 : 57 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vance , D.E. and Woodley , R.A. 2005 . Strengths and distress in adults who are aging with HIV: A pilot study . Psychological Reports , 96 : 383 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , S.D. , Drost , M. , Caserta , M.S. and Lund , D.A. 1998 . Older adults and HIV/AIDS: Implications for educators . Gerontology & Geriatrics Education , 18 : 3 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Wutoh, A.K., Brown, C.M., Dutta, C.P., Kumoji, E.K., Clarke-Tasker, V., & Xue, Z. (2005).Treatment perceptions and attitudes of older Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected adults. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 1 , 60 – 76 . doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2004.12.005
   Google Scholar
• Wutoh , A.K. , Brown , C.M. , Kumoji , E.K. , Shah Daftary , M. , Jones , T. , Alie Barnes , N. and Powell , N.J. 2001 . Antiretroviral adherence and use of alternative therapies among older HIV-infected adults . Journal of the National Medical Association , 93 : 243 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zingmond , D.S. , Kilbourne , A.M. , Justice , A.C. , Wenger , N.S. , Rodriguez-Barradas , M. , Rabeneck , L. and Bozzette , S.A. 2003 . Differences in symptom expression in older HIV-positive patients: The veterans aging cohort 3 site study and HIV cost and service utilization study experience . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 33 : S84 – S92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zingmond , D.S. , Wenger , N.S. , Crystal , S. , Joyce , G.F. , Liu , H. , Sambamoorthi , U. and Bozzette , S.A. 2001 . Circumstances at HIV diagnosis and progression of disease in older HIV-infected Americans . American Journal of Public Health , 91 : 1117 – 1120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar