HIV testing among clients in high HIV prevalence venues: disparities between older and younger adults

References

• Aday, L. A., & Andersen, R. M. (1974). A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health Services Research, 9(3), 208–220.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 1–10. doi:10.2307/2137284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, R. M., & Newman, J. F. (1973). Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society, 51, 95–124. doi:10.2307/3349613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, J. M., van der Meijden, W. I., Swart, W., & Postma, M. J. (2002). Routine HIV screening of sexually transmitted disease clinic attenders has favourable cost-effectiveness ratio in low HIV prevalence settings. AIDS, 16, 1185–1187. doi:10.1097/00002030-200205240-00015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branson, B. M., Handsfield, H. H., Lampe, M. A., Janssen, R. S., Taylor, A. W., & Lyss, S. B. (2006). Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55(14), 1–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). The HIV counseling and testing in publicly funded sites annual report, 1997 and 1998. Atlanta, GA: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS–United States, 1981–2005. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2006.htm
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). HIV/AIDS among persons aged 50 and older. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/over50/resources/factsheets/over50.htm
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Association of Retired Persons, & American Medical Association. (2009). Promoting preventive services for adults 50–64: Community and clinical partnerships. Atlanta, GA: N. A. o. C. D. Directors.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, M., Rhodes, P. H., Hall, I. H., Kilmarx, P. H., Branson, B. M., & Valleroy, L. A. (2012). Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among persons aged > / = 13 years–national HIV surveillance system, United States, 2005–2008. MMWR Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report, 61(Suppl.), 57–64. doi:su6102a10 [pii]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coon, D. W., Lipman, P. D., & Ory, M. G. (2003). Designing effective HIV/AIDS social and behavioral interventions for the population of those age 50 and older. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 33(Suppl. 2), S194–S205. doi:10.1097/00126334-200306012-00017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeHart, D. D., & John, C. B. (1997). Trying to practice safer sex: Development of the sexual risks scale. Journal of Sex Research, 34(1), 11–25. doi:10.1080/00224499709551860
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffus, W. A., Weis, K., Kettinger, L., Stephens, T., Albrecht, H., & Gibson, J. J. (2009). Risk-based HIV testing in South Carolina health care settings failed to identify the majority of infected individuals. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23, 339–345. doi:10.1089/apc.2008.0193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet, C. A. (2006). “You're awfully old to have this disease”: Experiences of stigma and ageism in adults 50 years and older living with HIV/AIDS. Gerontologist, 46, 781–790. doi:10.1093/geront/46.6.781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emlet, C. A., & Poindexter, C. C. (2004). Unserved, unseen, and unheard: Integrating programs for HIV-infected and HIV-affected older adults. Health and Social Work, 29(2), 86–96. doi:10.1093/hsw/29.2.86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, C. L., Daniel, M., & Miller, W. C. (2006). High rates of HIV testing despite low perceived HIV risk among African-American sexually transmitted disease patients. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98, 841–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, C. L., Tilson, E. C., Smurzynski, M., Leone, P. A., & Miller, W. C. (2008). Confidentiality concerns, perceived staff rudeness, and other HIV testing barriers. Journal of Equity in Health, 1(1), 7–21
   Google Scholar
• Ford, C. L., Wallace, S. P., Newman, P. A., Lee, S.-J., & Cunningham, W. E. (2013). Belief in AIDS-related conspiracy theories and mistrust in the government: Relationship with HIV testing among at-risk older adults. The Gerontologist, 53, 973–984. doi:10.1093/geront/gns192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, E. M., McLees, M. P., Steiner, J. F., Del Rio, C., & Burman, W. J. (2011). The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52, 793–800. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, H. I., McDavid, K., Ling, Q., & Sloggett, A. (2006). Determinants of progression to AIDS or death after HIV diagnosis, United States, 1996 to 2001. Annals Epidemiology, 16, 824–833. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harawa, N. T., Leng, M., Kim, J., & Cunningham, W. E. (2011). Racial/ethnic and gender differences among older adults in nonmonogamous partnerships, time spent single, and human immunodeficiency virus testing. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 38, 1110–1117. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31822e614b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser Family Foundation. (2009). Views and experiences with HIV testing in the United States ( Report No. 7926). Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser Family Foundation. (2012). HIV testing in the United States. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Kinsler, J. J., Lee, S.-J., Sayles, J. N., Newman, P. A., Diamant, A., & Cunningham, W. E. (2009). The impact of acculturation on utilization of HIV prevention services and access to care among an at-risk Hispanic population. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20, 996–1011. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk, J. B., & Goetz, M. B. (2009). Human immunodeficiency virus in an aging population, a complication of success. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 57, 2129–2138. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02494.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalewski, M. R., Henson, K. D., & Longshore, D. (1997). Rethinking perceived risk and health behavior: A critical review of HIV prevention research. Health Education and Behavior, 24, 313–325. doi:10.1177/109019819702400305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lekas, H. M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Siegel, K. (2005). Pathways to HIV testing among adults aged fifty and older with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 17, 674–687. doi:10.1080/09540120412331336670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindau, S. T., Schumm, L. P., Laumann, E. O., Levinson, W., O'Muircheartaigh, C. A., & Waite, L. J. (2007). A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 762–774. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa067423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linsk, N. L., Fowler, J. P., & Klein, S. J. (2003). HIV/AIDS prevention and care services and services for the aging: Bridging the gap between service systems to assist older people. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 33(Suppl. 2), S243–S250. doi:10.1097/00126334-200306012-00025
   Google Scholar
• MacKellar, D. A., Valleroy, L. A., Secura, G. M., Behel, S., Bingham, T., Celentano, D. D., … Janssen, R. S. (2005). Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men: Opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 38, 603–614. doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000141481.48348.7e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes, C. A., & Louis, M. (2003). Knowledge of AIDS, perceived risk of AIDS, and at-risk sexual behaviors among older adults. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 15, 509–516. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2003.tb00340.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahajan, A. P., Stemple, L., Shapiro, M. F., King, J. B., & Cunningham, W. E. (2009). Consistency of state statutes with the centers for disease control and prevention HIV testing recommendations for health care settings. Annals of Internal Medicine, 150, 263–269. PMC2874823. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, M., Gompels, M., Delpech, V., Porter, K., Post, F., Johnson, M., … Sabin, C. (2011). Impact of late diagnosis and treatment on life expectancy in people with HIV-1: UK collaborative HIV cohort (UK CHIC) study. BMJ, 343, d6016–d6016. doi:10.1136/bmj.d6016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, P. A., Lee, S. J., Duan, N., Rudy, E., Nakazono, T. K., & Boscardin, J. (2009). Preventive HIV vaccine acceptability and behavioral risk compensation among a random sample of high-risk adults in Los Angeles (LA VOICES). Health Services Research, 44, 2167–2179. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.01039.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostermann, J., Kumar, V., Pence, B. W., & Whetten, K. (2007). Trends in HIV testing and differences between planned and actual testing in the United States, 2000–2005. Archives Internal Medicine, 167, 2128–2135. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.19.2128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paltiel, A. D., Weinstein, M. C., Kimmel, A. D., Seage, G. R., 3rd, Losina, E., Zhang, H., … Walensky, R. P. (2005). Expanded screening for HIV in the United States–An analysis of cost-effectiveness. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 586–595. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa042088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. (2010). In U. S. Congress (Ed.), 42.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, K. A., & Catania, J. A. (1995). Consistency in self-reports of HIV testing: Longitudinal findings from the national AIDS behavioral surveys. Public Health Reports, 110, 749–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankar, A., Nevedal, A., Neufeld, S., Berry, R., & Luborsky, M. (2011). What do we know about older adults and HIV? A review of social and behavioral literature. AIDS Care, 23, 1187–1207. doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.564115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schensul, J. J., Levy, J. A., & Disch, W. B. (2003). Individual, contextual, and social network factors affecting exposure to HIV/AIDS risk among older residents living in low-income senior housing complexes. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 33(Suppl. 2), S138–S152. doi:10.1097/00126334-200306012-00011
   Google Scholar
• Stata Corporation. (2007). Stata for windows (Version 10/SE). College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, M. E., Davis, C. S., & Koch, G. G. (2000). Generalized estimating equations categorical data analysis using the SAS® system (p. 254). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Tangredi, L. A., Danvers, K., Molony, S. L., & Williams, A. (2008). New CDC recommendations for HIV testing in older adults. The Nurse Practitioner, 33(6), 37–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thrasher, A. D., Ford, C. L., & Nearing, K. D. (2005). Social and policy consequences of routine HIV testing [editorial]. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 2137–2139. doi:10.1056/NEJM200505193522020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A. K., Harripersaud, K., Crawford, N. D., Rivera, A. V., & Fuller, C. M. (2013). Differences in HIV risk behavior of injection drug users in New York city by health care setting. AIDS Care, 25, 1321–1329. doi:10.1080/09540121.2013.772275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2011). State and county quick facts. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov
   Google Scholar
• Wood, E., Kerr, T., Tyndall, M. W., & Montaner, J. S. (2008). A review of barriers and facilitators of HIV treatment among injection drug users. AIDS, 22, 1247–1256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wortley, P. M., Chu, S. Y., Diaz, T., Ward, J. W., Doyle, B., Davidson, A. J., … Norris-Walczak, E. (1995). HIV testing patterns: Where, why, and when were persons with AIDS tested for HIV? AIDS, 9, 487–492. doi:10.1097/00002030-199509050-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zingmond, D. S., Wenger, N. S., Crystal, S., Joyce, G. F., Liu, H., & Sambamoorthi, U. (2001). Circumstances at HIV diagnosis and progression of disease in older HIV-infected Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1117–1120. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.7.1117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar