Missed opportunities for prevention and treatment of hepatitis C among persons with HIV/HCV coinfection

References

• Allison, R. D., Tong, X., Moorman, A. C., Ly, K. N., Rupp, L., Xu, F., … Holmberg, S. D. (2015). Increased incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C infection, 2006–2010. Journal of Hepatology, 63(4), 822–828. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alter, M. J. (2006). Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection. Journal of Hepatology, 44(1 Suppl), S6–S9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alter, M. J., Margolis, H. S., Bell, B. P., Bice, S. D., Buffington, J., Chamberland, M., … Tillman, G. S. (1998). Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. Centers for Disease Control and prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep, 47(Rr-19), 1–39.
   Google Scholar
• American Association for Public Opinion Research. (2011). Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys. Vol 7th ed. Retrieved from https://www.aapor.org/Standards-Ethics/Standard-Definitions-(1).aspx
   Google Scholar
• American Association for the Study of Liver Disease-Infectious Disease Society of America. (2018). HCV Guidance: Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C. Retrieved from https://www.hcvguidelines.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Apers, L., Vanden Berghe, W., De Wit, S., Kabeya, K., Callnes, S., Buyze, J., … Buve, A. (2015). Risk factors for HCV acquisition among HIV-positive MSM in Belgium. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 68(5), 585–593. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspinall, E. J., Corson, S., Doyle, J. S., Grebely, J., Hutchinson, S. J., Dore, G. J., … Hellard, M. E. (2013). Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who are actively injecting drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 57(Suppl 2), S80–S89.
   Google Scholar
• Barua, S., Greenwald, R., Grebely, J., Dore, G. J., Swan, T., & Taylor, L. E. (2015). Restrictions for Medicaid Reimbursement of sofosbuvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), 215–223. doi: 10.7326/M15-0406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cachay, E. R., Hill, L., & Wyles, D. (2014). The hepatitis C cascade of care among HIV infected patients: A call to address ongoing barriers to care. PLoS One, 18(7), e102883. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102883
   Google Scholar
• Canary, L. A., Klevens, R. M., & Holmberg, S. D. (2015). Limited access to new hepatitis C virus treatment under state Medicaid programs. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), 226–228. doi: 10.7326/M15-0320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Distinguishing public health research and public health nonresearch. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/docs/cdc-policy-distinguishing-public-health-research-nonresearch.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). HIV Surveillance Report (Vol. 29). https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2017-vol-29.pdf Published November 2018
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Core data on hepatitis C prevention. (2018). Retrieved from http://intranet.cdc.gov/nchhstp/OD/PPIO/diseases/hepatitis-c.html
   Google Scholar
• Chaillon, A., Anderson, C. M., Martin, T. C., Cachay, W. D., Smith, D. M., Martin, N., et al. (2017, February). Incidence of hepatitis C among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, 2000–2015. [Abstrast 134]. Oral presentation at Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, WA. [Abstract 1588].
   Google Scholar
• Conteduca, V., Sansonno, D., Russi, S., Pavone, F., & Dammacco, F. (2014). Therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the era of direct-acting and host-targeting antiviral agents. The Journal of Infection, 68(1), 1–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.08.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fierer, D., Factor, S., Uriel, A. J., Carriero, D., Dietrich, D., Mullen, M., … Holmberg, S. D. (2011). Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected men who have sex with men–New York City, 2005-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 60(28):945–950.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garg, S., Brooks, J., Luo, Q., & Skarbinski, J. (2014, October). Prevalence of and factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and infection among HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States [Abstract 1588]. Poster presented at ID Week 2014 (Infectious Disease Society of America). Philadelphia, PA. Retrieved from https://idsa.confex.com/idsa/2014/webprogram/Paper47481.html
   Google Scholar
• Grady, B. P., Schinkel, J., Thomas, X. V., & Dalgard, O. (2013). Hepatitis C virus reinfection following treatment among people who use drugs. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 57(Suppl 2), S105–S110.
   Google Scholar
• Hagan, H., Jordan, A. E., Neurer, J., & Cleland, C. M. (2015). Incidence of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Aids (London, England), 29(17), 2335–2345. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeringa, S. G., & West, B. T. (2010). Applied survey data analysis. London: Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hellard, M., McBryde, E., Sacks Davis, R., Rolls, D. A., Higgs, P., Aitken, C., … Robins, G. (2015). Hepatitis C transmission and treatment as prevention – the role of the injecting network. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 26(10), 958–962. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, M., De Angelis, D., Vickerman, P., Hutchinson, S., & Martin, N. K. (2015). Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention in people who inject drugs: Testing the evidence. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 28(6), 576–582. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmeister, M. H., Rosenthal, E. M., Barker, L. K., Rosenberg, E. S., Barranco, M. A., Hall, E. W., … Ryerson, A. B. (2018). Estimating prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 2013–2016. Hepatology. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1002/hep.30297
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingiliz, P., Martin, T. C., Rodger, A., Stellbrink, H. J., Mauss, S., Boesecke, C., … Rockstroh, J. K. (2016). HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe. Journal of Hepatology, 66(2), 282–287. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan-Lewis, E., & Fierer, D. S. (2015). Acute HCV in HIV-infected MSM: Modes of acquisition, liver fibrosis, and treatment. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 12(3), 317–325. doi: 10.1007/s11904-015-0279-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambers, F. A., Prins, M., Thomas, X., Molenkamp, R., Kwa, D., Brinkman, K., et al. (2011). Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM. Aids (London, England), 25(17), F21–F27. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834bac44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, R. V., 3rd, Kallan, M. J., Tate, J. P., Localio, A. R., Lim, J. K., Goetz, M. B., … Justice, A. C. (2014). Hepatic decompensation in antiretroviral-treated patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus compared with hepatitis C virus-monoinfected patients: A cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 160(6), 369–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ly, K. N., Hughes, E. M., Jiles, R. B., & Holmberg, S. D. (2016). Rising mortality associated with hepatitis C virus in the United States, 2003–2013. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 62(10), 1287–1288.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, N. K., Hickman, M., Hutchinson, S. J., Goldberg, D. J., & Vickerman, P. (2013). Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: Modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 57(Suppl 2), S39–S45.
   Google Scholar
• Midgard, H., Bjoro, B., Maeland, A., Konopski, Z., Kileng, H., Damas, J. K., … Dalgard, O. (2016). Hepatitis C reinfection after sustained virological response. Journal of Hepatology, 64(5), 1020–1026. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyer, V. A. (2013). Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: U.S. Preventive services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(5), 349–357. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naggie, S., Cooper, C., Saag, M., Workowski, K., Ruane, P., Towner, W. J., … Santana-Bugur, J. (2015). Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(8), 705–713. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. (2019). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescent-arv/0
   Google Scholar
• Rein, D. B., Wittenborn, J. S., Weinbaum, C. M., Sabin, M., Smith, B. D., & Lesesne, S. B. (2011). Forecasting the morbidity and mortality associated with prevalent cases of pre-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C in the United States. Digestive and Liver Disease, 43(1), 66–72. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks-Davis, R., Aitken, C. K., Higgs, P., Spelman, T., Pedrana, A. E., Bowden, S., … Hellard, M. (2013). High rates of hepatitis C virus reinfection and spontaneous clearance of reinfection in people who inject drugs: A prospective cohort study. PloS One, 8(11), e80216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. D., Morgan, R. L., Beckett, G. A., Falck-Ytter, Y., Holtzman, D., Teo, C. G., … Ward, J. W. (2012). Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945–1965. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports, 61(Rr-4), 1–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sterling, R. K., Lissen, E., Clumeck, N., Sola, R., Correa, M. C., Montaner, J., Nelson, M., et al. (2006). Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology, 43(6), 1317–1325. doi: 10.1002/hep.21178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulkowski, M. S., Naggie, S., Lalezari, J., Fessel, W. J., Mounzer, K., Shuhart, M., … Dietrich, D. (2014). Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C in patients with HIV coinfection. JAMA, 312(4), 353–361. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.7734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suryaprasad, A. G., White, J. Z., Xu, F., Eichler, B. A., Hamilton, J., Patel, A., … Hlomberg, S. D. (2014). Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006–2012. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 59(10), 1411–1419.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, L. E., Holubar, M., Wu, K., Bosch, R. J., Wyles, D. L., Davis, J. A., … Tashima, K. T. (2011). Incident hepatitis C virus infection among US HIV-infected men enrolled in clinical trials. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 52(6), 812–818.
   Google Scholar
• Terrault, N. A., Dodge, J. L., Murphy, E. L., Tavis, J. E., Kiss, A., Levin, T. R., … Alter, M. J. (2013). Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among monogamous heterosexual couples: The HCV partners study. Hepatology, 57(3), 881–889. doi: 10.1002/hep.26164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D. L. (2008). The challenge of hepatitis C in the HIV-infected person. Annual Review of Medicine, 59, 473–485. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.59.081906.081110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Public Health Service. (2017). Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States – 2017 Update. A clinical practice guideline. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2017.pdf
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. (2017). The nation's older population is still growing, Census Bureau reports. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/cb17-100.html
   Google Scholar
• Vellozzi, C., Buchacz, K., Baker, R., Spradling, P. R., Richardson, J., Moorman, A., … Brooks, J. T. (2011). Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients coinfected with HIV in the HIV Outpatient study (HOPS), 1999–2007. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 18(5), 316–324. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01299.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wai, C. T., Greenson, J. K., Fontana, R. J., Kalbfleisch, J. D., Marrero, J. A., Conjeevaram, H. S., & Lok, A. S. (2003). A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 38(2), 518–526. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir, A., McLeod, A., Innes, H., Valerio, H., Aspinall, E. J., Goldberg, D. J., … Hutchinson, S. C. (2016). Hepatitis C reinfection following treatment induced viral clearance among people who have injected drugs. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 165, 53–60. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt MD, Seaberg EC, Darilay A, Young S, Badri S, Rinaldo CR, … , Thio CL, et al (2013). Incident hepatitis C virus infection in men who have sex with men: A prospective cohort analysis, 1984–2011. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 57(1):77-84.
   Google Scholar
• Wyles, D. L., Ruane, P. J., Sulkowski, M. S., Dietrich, D., Luetkemeyer, A., Morgan, T. R., … Hinestrosa, F. (2015). Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(8), 714–725. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1503153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zibbell, J. E., Iqbal, K., Patel, R. C., Suryaprasad, A., Sanders, K., Moore-Moravian, L., … Holtzman, D. (2015). Increases in hepatitis C virus infection related to injection drug use among persons aged ≤30 years – Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 2006–2012. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(17), 453–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar