References
- Achappa, B., Madi, D., Bhaskaran, U., Ramapuram, J. T., Rao, S., & Mahalingam, S. (2013). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.109196
- Arrey, A. E., Bilsen, J., Lacor, P., & Deschepper, R. (2017). Perceptions of stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings towards Sub-Saharan African migrant women living with HIV/AIDS in Belgium: A qualitative study. Journal of Biosocial Science, 49(5), 578–596. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932016000468
- Bharat, S., & Chakrapani, V. (2014). Research compendium - HIV-related stigma research in India: Current knowledge, gaps and recommendations. http://www.in.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/HIV_and_development/UNDP_StigmaCompendium_final.pdf
- Chakrapani, V., Velayudham, J., Shunmugam, M., Newman, P. A., & Dubrow, R. (2014). Barriers to antiretroviral treatment access for injecting drug users living with HIV in Chennai, South India. AIDS Care, 26(7), 835–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.861573
- Chandra, P. S., Deepthivarma, S., & Manjula, V. (2003). Disclosure of HIV infection in south India: Patterns, reasons and reactions. AIDS Care, 15(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000068353
- Davtyan, M., Olshansky, E. F., Brown, B., & Lakon, C. (2017). A grounded theory study of HIV-related stigma in U.S.-based healthcare settings. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 28(6), 907–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2017.07.007
- Ekstrand, M. L., Bharat, S., & Srinivasan, K. (2018). HIV stigma is a barrier to achieving 90-90-90 in India. The Lancet HIV, 5(10), e543. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30246-7
- Ekstrand, M. L., Heylen, E., Mehta, K., Sanjeeva, G. N., & Shet, A. (2018). Disclosure of HIV status to infected children in South India: Perspectives of caregivers. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 64(4), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmx079
- Ekstrand, M. L., Ramakrishna, J., Bharat, S., & Heylen, E. (2013). Prevalence and drivers of HIV stigma among health providers in urban India: Implications for interventions. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(3 Suppl. 2), 18717. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.16.3.18717
- Feyissa, G. T., Lockwood, C., Woldie, M., & Munn, Z. (2018). Reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings: A systematic review of guidelines, tools, standards of practice, best practices, consensus statements and systematic reviews. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 11, 405–416. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S170720
- Gesesew, H. A., Tesfay Gebremedhin, A., Demissie, T. D., Kerie, M. W., Sudhakar, M., & Mwanri, L. (2017). Significant association between perceived HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV/AIDS care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 12(3), e0173928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173928
- Holzemer, W. L., Makoae, L. N., Greeff, M., Dlamini, P. S., Kohi, T. W., Chirwa, M. L., Naidoo, J. R, Durrheim, K., Cuca, Y., & Uys, Y. R. (2009). Measuring HIV stigma for PLHAs and nurses over time in five African countries. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 6(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2009.9724933
- ICRW, & UNDP. (2013). A global HIV stigma reduction framework adapted and implemented in five settings in India: Summary report. https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/web_ICRW_STRIVE_India-stigma-framework_0.pdf
- Katz, I. T., Ryu, A. E., Onuegbu, A. G., Psaros, C., Weiser, S. D., Bangsberg, D. R., & Tsai, A. C. (2013). Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: Systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(3 Suppl 2), 18640. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.16.3.18640
- Kay, E. S., Rice, W. S., Crockett, K. B., Atkins, G. C., Batey, D. S., & Turan, B. (2018). Experienced HIV-related stigma in healthcare and community settings: Mediated associations with psychosocial and health outcomes. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 77(3), 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001590
- Kidd, R., Clay, S., Carr, D., Eckhaus, T., Brady, L., Nyblade, L., … Ginni, R. (2003). Understanding and challenging HIV stigma: Toolkit for action. The CHANGE Project. https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Understanding-and-Challenging-HIV-Stigma-Toolkit-for-Action.pdf
- Mann, J. (1987). Statement at a briefing on AIDS to the 42nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly. United Nations General Assembly.
- Mill, J., Harrowing, J., Rae, T., Richter, S., Minnie, K., Mbalinda, S., & Hepburn-Brown, C. (2013). Stigma in AIDS nursing care in sub-saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Qualitative Health Research, 23(8), 1066–1078. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313494019
- Nyblade, L., Srinivasan, K., Mazur, A., Raj, T., Patil, D. S., Devadass, D., Radhakrishna, K., & Ekstrand, M. L. (2018). HIV stigma reduction for health facility staff: Development of a blended-learning intervention. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 165. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00165
- Nyblade, L., Stockton, M. A., Giger, K., Bond, V., Ekstrand, M. L., Lean, R. M., Mitchell, E. M. H., Nelson, L. R. E., Sapag, J. C., Siraprapasiri, T., Turan, J., & Wouters, E. (2019). Stigma in health facilities: Why it matters and how we can change it. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1256-2
- Office of National AIDS Policy. (2016, March 3–4). White house meeting on HIV stigma: Research for ar obust response. Translating research into action: Reducing HIV stigma to optimize HIV outcomes.
- Piot, P. (2006). AIDS: From crisis management to sustained strategic response. The Lancet, 368(9534), 526–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69161-7
- Radhakrishna, K., Dass, D., Raj, T., Rakesh, D., Kishore, R., Srinivasan, K. … Ekstrand, M. L. (2017). Development of a novel tablet-based approach to reduce HIV stigma among healthcare staff in India. Perspectives in Health information Management / Ahima, American Health information Management Association, 14(Spring), 1b. PMCID: PMC5430130, PMID: 28566985.
- Rueda, S., Mitra, S., Chen, S., Gogolishvili, D., Globerman, J., Chambers, L., Ilson, M., Logie, C. H., Shi, Q., Morassaei, S., & Rourke, S. B. (2016). Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: A series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011453. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011453
- South to South Learning and Exchange Meeting. (2016, November 16–17). Developing E-learning on HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings.
- Stangl, A. L., Lloyd, J. K., Brady, L. M., Holland, C. E., & Baral, S. (2013). A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: How far have we come? Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(3 Suppl 2), 18734. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.16.3.18734
- Steward, W. T., Bharat, S., Ramakrishna, J., Heylen, E., & Ekstrand, M. L. (2013). Stigma is associated with delays in seeking care among HIV-infected people in India. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 12(2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711432315
- Steward, W. T., Chandy, S., Singh, G., Panicker, S. T., Osmand, T. A., Heylen, E., & Ekstrand, M. L. (2011). Depression is not an inevitable outcome of disclosure avoidance: HIV stigma and mental health in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals from Southern India. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 16(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2010.521568
- Steward, W. T., Herek, G. M., Ramakrishna, J., Bharat, S., Chandy, S., Wrubel, J., & Ekstrand, M. L. (2008). HIV-related stigma: Adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Social Science & Medicine, 67(8), 1225–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.032
- Turan, J. M., Elafros, M. A., Logie, C. H., Banik, S., Turan, B., Crockett, K. B., Pescosolido, B., & Murray, S. M. (2019). Challenges and opportunities in examining and addressing intersectional stigma and health. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1246-9
- UNAIDS. (2017). Agenda for zero discrimination in health-care settings. UNAIDS. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2017ZeroDiscriminationHealthCare.pdf
- UNAIDS. (2018). Global partnership for action to eliminate all forms of HIV-related stigma and discrimination. UNAIDS. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2018/global-partnership-hiv-stigma-discrimination
- Vallabhaneni, S., Chandy, S., Heylen, E., & Ekstrand, M. (2012). Reasons for and correlates of antiretroviral treatment interruptions in a cohort of patients from public and private clinics in southern India. AIDS Care, 24(6), 687–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2011.630370