References
- Bärnighausen, T., Chaiyachati, K., Chimbindi, N., Peoples, A., Haberer, J., & Newell, M. (2011). Interventions to increase antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of evaluation studies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 11(12), 942–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70181-5
- Chang, L. W., Kagaayi, J., Nakigozi, G., Ssempijja, V., Packer, A. H., Serwadda, D., Quinn, T. C., Gray, R. H., Bollinger, R. C., Reynolds, S. J., & Kissinger, P. (2010). Effect of peer health workers on AIDS care in Rakai, Uganda: A cluster-randomized trial. PLoS ONE, 5(6), e10923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010923
- Coker, M., Etiebet, M.-A., Chang, H., Awwal, G., Jumare, J., Musa, B., Babashani, M., Habib, A., Dakum, P., Abimiku, A., Charurat, M., Blattner, W., Eng, M., & Ndembi, N. (2015). Socio-demographic and adherence factors associated with viral load suppression in HIV-infected adults initiating therapy in northern Nigeria: A randomized controlled trial of a peer support intervention. Current HIV Research, 13(4), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570162X13666150407143838
- Crepaz, N., Tungol-Ashmon, M. V., Vosburgh, H. W., Baack, B. N., & Mullins, M. M. (2015). Are couple-based interventions more effective than interventions delivered to individuals in promoting HIV protective behaviors? A meta-analysis. AIDS Care, 27(11), 1361–1366. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1112353
- Dahab, M., Charalambous, S., Karstaedt, A. S., Fielding, K. L., Hamilton, R., La Grange, L., Churchyard, G. J., & Grant, A. D. (2010). Contrasting predictors of poor antiretroviral therapy outcomes in two South African HIV programmes: A cohort study. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-430
- Duwell, M. M., Knowlton, A. R., Nachega, J. B., Efron, A., Goliath, R., Morroni, C., Maartens, G., & Chaisson, R. E. (2013). Patient-nominated, community-based HIV treatment supporters: Patient perspectives, feasibility, challenges, and factors for success in HIV-infected South African adults. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 27(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2012.0348
- Fatti, G., Mothibi, E., Shaikh, N., & Grimwood, A. (2016). Improved long-term antiretroviral treatment outcomes amongst patients receiving community-based adherence support in South Africa. AIDS Care, 28(11), 1365–1372. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1191605
- Fatti, G., Shaikh, N., Eley, B., & Grimwood, A. (2012). Improved virological suppression in children on antiretroviral treatment receiving community-based adherence support: A multicentre cohort study from South Africa. AIDS Care, 26(4), 448–453. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.855699
- Franke, M. F., Kaigamba, F., Socci, A. R., Hakizamungu, M., Patel, A., Bagiruwigize, E., Niyigena, P., Walker, K. D. C., Epino, H., Binagwaho, A., Mukherjee, J., Farmer, P. E., & Rich, M. L. (2013). Improved retention associated with community-based accompaniment for antiretroviral therapy delivery in rural Rwanda. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56(9), 1319–1326. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis1193
- Idoko, J. A., Agbaji, O., Agaba, P., Akolo, C., Inuwa, B., Hassan, Z., Akintunde, L., Badung, B., Muazu, M., Danang, M., Imade, G., Sankale, J. L., & Kanki, P. (2007). Direct observation therapy-highly active antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: The use of community treatment support can be effective. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 18(11), 760–763. https://doi.org/10.1258/095646207782212252
- Igumbor, J. O., Scheepers, E., Ebrahim, R., Jason, A., & Grimwood, A. (2011). An evaluation of the impact of a community-based adherence support programme on ART outcomes in selected government HIV treatment sites in South Africa. AIDS Care, 23(2), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.498909
- Jaffar, S., Amuron, B., Foster, S., Birungi, J., Levin, J., Namara, G., Nabiryo, C., Ndembi, N., Kyomuhangi, R., Opio, A., Bunnell, R., Tappero, J. W., Mermin, J., Coutinho, A., & Grosskurth, H. (2009). Rates of virological failure in patients treated in a home-based versus a facility-based HIV-care model in Jinja, southeast Uganda: A cluster-randomised equivalence trial. The Lancet, 374(9707), 2080–2089. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61674-3
- Kanters, S., Park, J. J. H., Chan, K., Socias, M. E., Ford, N., Forrest, J. I., Thorlund, K., Nachega, J. B., & Mills, E. J. (2017). Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet HIV, 4(1), e31–e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(16)30206-5
- Kipp, W., Konde-Lule, J., Saunders, L. D., Alibhai, A., Houston, S., Rubaale, T., Senthilselvan, A., Okech-Ojony, J., & Myer, L. (2012). Antiretroviral treatment for HIV in rural Uganda: Two-year treatment outcomes of a prospective health centre/community-based and hospital-based cohort. PloS one, 7(7), Article e40902. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040902
- Kiweewa, F. M., Wabwire, D., Nakibuuka, J., Mubiru, M., Bagenda, D., Musoke, P., Fowler, M. G., & Antelman, G. (2013). Noninferiority of a task-shifting HIV care and treatment model using Peer counselors and nurses Among Ugandan Women Initiated on ART. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 63(4), e125–e132. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182987ce6
- Kredo, T., Ford, N., Adeniyi, F. B., & Garner, P. (2013). Decentralising HIV treatment in lower-and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, (6), Art. No.: CD009987. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009987.pub2
- Kunutsor, S., Walley, J., Katabira, E., Muchuro, S., Balidawa, H., Namagala, E., & Ikoona, E. (2011). Improving clinic attendance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy through a treatment supporter intervention in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. AIDS and Behavior, 15(8), 1795–1802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-9927-9
- Lester, R. T., Ritvo, P., Mills, E. J., Kariri, A., Karanja, S., Chung, M. H., Jack, W., Habyarimana, J., Sadatsafavi, M., Najafzadeh, M., Marra, C. A., Estambale, B., Ngugi, E., Ball, T. B., Thabane, L., Gelmon, L. J., Kimani, J., Ackers, M., & Plummer, F. A. (2010). Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial. The Lancet, 376(9755), 1838–1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61997-6
- Miller, W. R., Brown, J. M., Simpson, T. L., Handmaker, N. S., Bien, T. H., Luckie, L. F., … Tonigan, J. S. (1995). What works? A methodological analysis of the alcohol treatment outcome literature.
- Miller, W. R., & Wilbourne, P. L. (2002). Mesa Grande: A methodological analysis of clinical trials of treatment for alcohol use disorders. Addiction, 97(3), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00019.x
- Mills, E. J., Lester, R., Thorlund, K., Lorenzi, M., Muldoon, K., Kanters, S., Linnemayr, S., Gross, R., Calderon, Y., Amico, K. R., Thirumurthy, H., Pearson, C., Remien, R. H., Mbuagbaw, L., Thabane, L., Chung, M. H., Wilson, I. B., Liu, A., Uthman, O. A., … Nachega, J. B. (2014). Interventions to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Africa: A network meta-analysis. The Lancet HIV, 1(3), e104–e111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(14)00003-4
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G., The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), Article e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed1000097 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
- Nachega, J. B., Adetokunboh, O., Uthman, O. A., Knowlton, A. W., Altice, F. L., Schechter, M., Galárraga, O., Geng, E., Peltzer, K., Chang, L. W., Van Cutsem, G., Jaffar, S. S., Ford, N., Mellins, C. A., Remien, R. H., & Mills, E. J. (2017). Community-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy adherence, retention in HIV care and clinical outcomes in low-and middle-income countries for achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 13(5), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0325-9
- Nachega, J. B., Chaisson, R. E., Goliath, R., Efron, A., Chaudhary, M. A., Ram, M., Morroni, C., Schoeman, H., Knowlton, A. R., & Maartens, G. (2010a). Randomized controlled trial of trained patient-nominated treatment supporters providing partial directly observed antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London, England), 24(9), 1273. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328339e20e
- Nachega, J. B., Mills, E. J., & Schechter, M. (2010b). Antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care in middle-income and low-income countries: Current status of knowledge and research priorities. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 5(1), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e328333ad61
- Nachega, J. B., Hislop, M., Nguyen, H., Dowdy, D. W., Chaisson, R. E., Regensberg, L., Cotton, M., & Maartens, G. (2009). Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in Southern Africa. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 51(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e318199072e
- Nakamanya, S., Mayanja, B. N., Muhumuza, R., Bukenya, D., & Seeley, J. (2019). Are treatment supporters relevant in long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence? Experiences from a long-term ART cohort in Uganda. Global Public Health, 14(3), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2018.1514418
- Nilsson Schönnesson, L., Diamond, P. M., Ross, M. W., Williams, M., & Bratt, G. (2006). Baseline predictors of three types of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence: A 2-year follow-up. AIDS Care, 18(3), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120500456631
- Paterson, D. L., Swindells, S., Mohr, J., Brester, M., Vergis, E. N., Squier, C., Wagener, M. M., & Singh, N. (2000). Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. 133, (1), 21. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00004
- Pearson, C. R., Micek, M. A., Simoni, J. M., Hoff, P. D., Matediana, E., Martin, D. P., & Gloyd, S. S. (2007). Randomized control trial of peer-delivered, modified directly observed therapy for HAART in Mozambique. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46(2), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e318153f7ba
- Ridgeway, K., Dulli, L. S., Murray, K. R., Silverstein, H., Dal Santo, L., Olsen, P., Darrow de Mora, D., McCarraher, D. R., & Paraskevis, D. (2018). Interventions to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature. PLOS ONE, 13(1), Article e0189770. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189770
- Robbins, R. N., Mellins, C. A., Leu, C.-S., Rowe, J., Warne, P., Abrams, E. J., Witte, S., Stein, D. J., & Remien, R. H. (2015). Enhancing lay counselor capacity to improve patient outcomes with multimedia technology. AIDS and Behavior, 19(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0988-4
- Sabate, E., WHO, & UNAIDS. (2003). Adherence to long-term therapies: Evidence for action. Retrieved March 22, 2017 from World Health Organization website: http://www.who.int/chp/knowledge/publications/adherence_full_report.pdf
- Sarna, A., Luchters, S., Geibel, S., Chersich, M. F., Munyao, P., Kaai, S., Mandaliya, K. N., Shikely, K. S., Temmerman, M., & Rutenberg, N. (2008). Short- and Long-Term efficacy of modified directly observed antiretroviral treatment in Mombasa, Kenya: A randomized Trial. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 48(5), 611–619. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181806bf1
- Simoni, J. M., Amico, K. R., Pearson, C. R., & Malow, R. (2008). Strategies for promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A review of the literature. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 10(6), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-008-0083-y
- Taiwo, B. O., Idoko, J. A., Welty, L. J., Otoh, I., Job, G., Iyaji, P. G., Agbaji, O., Agaba, P. A., & Murphy, R. L. (2010). Assessing the viorologic and adherence benefits of patient-selected HIV treatment partners in a resource-limited setting. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181c57e3d.
- UNAIDS. (2014). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 90-90-90: An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic.
- UNAIDS. (2019). Communities make the difference. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/world-aids-day-2019-communities-make-the-difference_en.pdf
- UNAIDS data. (2019). UNAIDS data: 2018 reference. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2019/2019-UNAIDS-data
- Vreeman, R. C., Nyandiko, W. M., Liu, H., Tu, W., Scanlon, M. L., Slaven, J. E., Ayaya, S. O., & Inui, T. S. (2014). Measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents in western Kenya. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 17(1), Article 19227. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.1.19227
- Vyankandondera, J., Mitchell, K., Asiimwe-Kateera, B., Boer, K., Mutwa, P., Balinda, J.-P., van Straten, M., Reiss, P., & van de Wijgert, J. (2013). Antiretroviral therapy drug adherence in Rwanda: Perspectives from patients and healthcare workers using a mixed-methods approach. AIDS Care, 25(12), 1504–1512. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.779626
- Ware, N. C., Idoko, J., Kaaya, S., Biraro, I. A., Wyatt, M. A., Agbaji, O., Chalamilla, G., & Bangsberg, D. R. (2009). Explaining adherence success in sub-Saharan Africa: An ethnographic study. PLoS Medicine, 6(1), Article e1000011. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000011