Prevalence and risk factors of type II diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Texas

References

• AAPOR. (2016). The American Association for Public opinion research. Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys (9th ed.).
   Google Scholar
• Althoff, K. N., McGinnis, K. A., Wyatt, C. M., Freiberg, M. S., Gilbert, C., Oursler, K. K., Rimland, D., Rodriguez-Barradas, M. C., Dubrow, R., Park, L. S., Skanderson, M., Shiels, M. S., Gange, S. J., Gebo, K. A., Justice, A. C., & Study, F. T. V. A. C. (2014). Comparison of risk and Age at diagnosis of myocardial infarction, End-stage renal disease, and Non-AIDS-defining cancer in HIV-infected versus uninfected adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(4), 627–638. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association, A. D. (2017). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 40(Supplement 1), S11–S24. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-S005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ataro, Z., Ashenafi, W., Fayera, J., & Abdosh, T. (2018). Magnitude and associated factors of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adult HIV-positive individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at Jugal Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 10, 181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Avari, P., & Devendra, S. (2017). Human immunodeficiency virus and type 2 diabetes. London J Prim Care (Abingdon), 9(3), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2017.1302872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, S., McCutchan, J. A., Ances, B. M., Deutsch, R., Riggs, P. K., Way, L., & Ellis, R. J. (2011). Hypertriglyceridemia in combination antiretroviral-treated HIV-positive individuals: Potential impact on HIV sensory polyneuropathy. AIDS (London, England), 25(2), F1–F6. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328341dd68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, L. E., Kirtland, K. A., Gregg, E. W., Geiss, L. S., & Thompson, T. J. (2011). Geographic distribution of diagnosed diabetes in the US: A diabetes belt. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(4), 434–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, T. T., Cole, S. R., Li, X., Kingsley, L. A., Palella, F. J., Riddler, S. A., Visscher, B. R., Margolick, J. B., & Dobs, A. S. (2005). Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(10), 1179–1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.10.1179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butt, A. A., McGinnis, K., Rodriguez-Barradas, M. C., Crystal, S., Simberkoff, M., Goetz, M. B., Leaf, D., & Justice, A. C. (2009). HIV infection and the risk of diabetes mellitus. AIDS (London, England), 23(10), 1227. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832bd7af
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calza, L., Colangeli, V., Borderi, M., Coladonato, S., Tazza, B., Bon, I., Re, M. C., & Viale, P. (2019). Improvement in insulin sensitivity and serum leptin concentration after the switch from a ritonavir-boosted PI to raltegravir or dolutegravir in non-diabetic HIV-infected patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 74(3), 731–738. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capeau, J., Bouteloup, V., Katlama, C., Bastard, J. P., Guiyedi, V., Salmon-Ceron, D., Protopopescu, C., Leport, C., Raffi, F., & Chene, G. (2012). Ten-year diabetes incidence in 1046 HIV-infected patients started on a combination antiretroviral treatment. AIDS (London, England), 26(3), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834e8776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. (2012). Vital signs: Binge drinking prevalence, frequency, and intensity among adults-United States, 2010. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61(1), 14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CDC. (2017). National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, J., Joseph, L., & Pilote, L. (2013). Obesity and C-reactive protein in various populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 14(3), 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danoff, A., Shi, Q., Justman, J., Mulligan, K., Hessol, N., Robison, E., Lu, D., Williams, T., Wichienkuer, P., & Anastos, K. (2005). Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are unaffected by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy in overweight women. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 39(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000147659.80642.5a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Wit, S., Sabin, C. A., Weber, R., Worm, S. W., Reiss, P., Cazanave, C., El-Sadr, W., Monforte, A. D. A., Fontas, E., & Law, M. G. (2008). Incidence and risk factors for new-onset diabetes in HIV-infected patients: The data collection on adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (D: A: D) study. Diabetes Care, 31(6), 1224–1229. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-2013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooko, C. B. A., De Wit, S., Neuhaus, J., Palfreeman, A., Pepe, R., Pankow, J. S., & Neaton, J. D. (2014). Interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the development of type 2 diabetes among HIV positive patients taking antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 67(5), 538. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, A. D., Goff, L. M., & Peters, B. S. (2018). Type 2 diabetes prevalence and its risk factors in HIV: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 13(3), e0194199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergin, H. E., Inga, E. E., Maung, T. Z., Javed, M., & Khan, S. (2020). HIV, antiretroviral therapy and metabolic alterations: A review. Cureus, 12, 5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, T., Ungsedhapand, C., Wolbers, M., Weber, R., Vernazza, P., Rickenbach, M., Furrer, H., Bernasconi, E., Cavassini, M., & Hirschel, B. (2006). Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients over time: The Swiss HIV Cohort study. HIV Medicine, 7(6), 404–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00400.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulet, J. L., Fultz, S. L., Rimland, D., Butt, A., Gibert, C., Rodriguez-Barradas, M., Bryant, K., & Justice, A. C. (2007). Do patterns of comorbidity vary by HIV status, age, and HIV severity? Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45(12), 1593–1601. https://doi.org/10.1086/523577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinsztejn, B., Luz, P. M., Pacheco, A. G., Santos, D. V., Velasque, L., Moreira, R. I., Guimaraes, M. R., Nunes, E. P., Lemos, A. S., Ribeiro, S. R., Campos, D. P., Vitoria, M. A., & Veloso, V. G. (2013). Changing mortality profile among HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Shifting from AIDS to non-AIDS related conditions in the HAART era. PLoS One, 8(4), e59768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzman, N., & Vijayan, V. (2019). HIV-associated Lipodystrophy (StatPearls [internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hadigan, C., & Kattakuzhy, S. (2014). Diabetes mellitus type 2 and abnormal glucose metabolism in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 43(3), 685–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2014.05.003
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, T. A., Hindorff, L. A., Kim, H., Wines, R. C., Bowen, D. J., McGrath, B. B., & Edwards, K. L. (2003). Family history of diabetes as a potential public health tool. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(2), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00588-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeringa, S. G., West, B. T., & Berglund, P. A. (2017). Applied survey data analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Romieu, A. C., Garg, S., Rosenberg, E. S., Thompson-Paul, A. M., & Skarbinski, J. (2017). Is diabetes prevalence higher among HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population? Evidence from MMP and NHANES 2009–2010. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 5(1), e000304. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, A. A., Floris-Moore, M., Arnsten, J. H., Santoro, N., Fleischer, N., Lo, Y., & Schoenbaum, E. E. (2005). Disorders of glucose metabolism among HIV-infected women. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40(10), 1492–1499. https://doi.org/10.1086/429824
   Google Scholar
• Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Willett, W. C. (2001). Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(11), 790–797. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, C. H., Beer, L., Harding, R. L., Iachan, R., Moyse, D., Lee, A., Kyle, T., Chowdhury, P. P., & Shouse, R. L. (2020). Changes to the sample design and weighting methods of a public health surveillance system to also include persons not receiving HIV medical care. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243351. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel, W. B., & McGee, D. L. (1979). Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: The framingham study. Jama, 241(19), 2035–2038. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1979.03290450033020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledergerber, B., Furrer, H., Rickenbach, M., Lehmann, R., Elzi, L., Hirschel, B., Cavassini, M., Bernasconi, E., Schmid, P., & Egger, M. (2007). Factors associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45(1), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1086/518619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt, N. S., Peer, N., Steyn, K., Lombard, C., Maartens, G., Lambert, E. V., & Dave, J. A. (2016). Increased risk of dysglycaemia in South Africans with HIV; especially those on protease inhibitors. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 119, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, M., Gompels, M., Delpech, V., Porter, K., Post, F., Johnson, M., Dunn, D., Palfreeman, A., Gilson, R., & Gazzard, B. (2011). Impact of late diagnosis and treatment on life expectancy in people with HIV-1: UK collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study. BMJ, 343(oct11 2), d6016. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monroe, A. K., Glesby, M. J., & Brown, T. T. (2014). Diagnosing and managing diabetes in HIV-infected patients: Current concepts. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(3), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nansseu, J. R., Bigna, J. J., Kaze, A. D., & Noubiap, J. J. (2018). Incidence and risk factors for Prediabetes and diabetes mellitus Among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy. Epidemiology, 29(3), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nduka, C. U., Stranges, S., Kimani, P. K., Sarki, A. M., & Uthman, O. A. (2017). Is there sufficient evidence for a causal association between antiretroviral therapy and diabetes in HIV-infected patients? A meta-analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 33(6), 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noubissi, E. C., Katte, J.-C., & Sobngwi, E. (2018). Diabetes and HIV. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(11), 125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1076-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paengsai, N., Jourdain, G., Chaiwarith, R., Tantraworasin, A., Bowonwatanuwong, C., Bhakeecheep, S., Cressey, T. R., Mary, J. Y., Salvadori, N., & Kosachunhanun, N. (2018). Incidence and clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected adults in Thailand: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1079. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5967-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., Zuñiga, J. A., & García, A. A. (2019). Diabetes negatively impacts the ten-year survival rates of people living with HIV. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 30(10), 991–998. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462419857005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedro, M. N., Rocha, G. Z., Guadagnini, D., Santos, A., Magro, D. O., Assalin, H. B., Oliveira, A. G., Pedro, R. D. J., & Saad, M. J. (2018). Insulin resistance in HIV-patients: Causes and consequences. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, 514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polsky, S., Floris-Moore, M., Schoenbaum, E. E., Klein, R. S., Arnsten, J. H., & Howard, A. A. (2011). Incident hyperglycaemia among older adults with or at-risk for HIV infection. Antiviral Therapy, 16(2), 181. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP1711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan, A. D., Manson, J. E., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2001). C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Jama, 286(3), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.3.327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, L. D., Mathiesen, E. R., Kronborg, G., Gerstoft, J., & Obel, N. (2012). Risk of diabetes mellitus in persons with and without HIV: A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One, 7(9), e44575. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif, S. (2014). HIV/AIDS in the Southern USA: A disproportionate epidemic. AIDS Care, 26(3), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.824535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif, S. (2017). State of HIV in the US deep south. Journal of Community Health, 42(5), 844–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0325-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhee, J. Y., Bahtila, T. D., Palmer, D., Tih, P. M., Aberg, J. A., LeRoith, D., & Jao, J. (2016). Prediabetes and diabetes among HIV-infected adults in cameroon. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 32(6), 544–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, X., & Du, T. (2017). Trends in cardiovascular risk factors among U.S. Men and women with and without diabetes, 1988-2014. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 893. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4921-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams, E. C., Hahn, J. A., Saitz, R., Bryant, K., Lira, M. C., & Samet, J. H. (2016). Alcohol use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Current knowledge, implications, and future directions. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40(10), 2056–2072. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanoni, B. C., & Mayer, K. H. (2014). The adolescent and young adult HIV cascade of care in the United States: Exaggerated health disparities. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 28(3), 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2013.0345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar