“When you have an immune disease like HIV and there is a pandemic, you still have to pay your bills”: COVID-19-related challenges among people living with HIV and lessons for care delivery

References

• Altice, F., Evuarherhe, O., Shina, S., Carter, G., & Beaubrun, A. C. (2019). Adherence to HIV treatment regimens: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Patient Preference and Adherence, 13, 475–490. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.S192735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). HIV and COVID-19 basics. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/hiv.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fspecific-groups%2Fhiv.html
   Google Scholar
• Costenaro, P., Minotti, C., Barbieri, E., Giaquinto, C., & Donà, D. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: A systematic review. Reviews in Medical Virology, e2155. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2155
   Google Scholar
• Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, W., Weng, H. L., Bai, H., Liu, J., Wei, X. N., Zhou, K., & Sande, A. (2020). Quick community survey on the impact of COVID-19 outbreak for the healthcare of people living with HIV. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 41(5), 662–666. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200314-00345
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gwadz, M., Campos, S., Freeman, R., Cleland, C.M., Wilton, L., Sherpa, D., Ritchie, A.S., Hawkins, R.L., Allen, J.Y., Martinez, B.Y., Dorsen, C., Collins, L.M., Hroncich, T., Cluesman, S.R., & Leonard, N.R. (2021). Black and Latino persons living with HIV evidence risk and resilience in the context of COVID-19: A mixed-methods study of the early phase of the pandemic. AIDS and Behavior, 25(5), 1340–1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03177-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, A., Joseph, O., Devlin, S., Kerman, J., Schmitt, J., Ridgway, J.P., & McNulty, M.C. (2021). “That same stigma … that same hatred and negativity:” a qualitative study to understand stigma and medical mistrust experienced by people living with HIV diagnosed with COVID-19. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 1066. Published 2021 Oct 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06693-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Härter, G., Spinner, C. D., Roider, J., Bickel, M., Krznaric, I., Grunwald, S., Schabaz, F., Gillor, D., Postel, N., Mueller, M. C., Müller, M., Römer, K., Schewe, K., & Hoffmann, C. (2020). COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A case series of 33 patients. Infection, 48(5), 681–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01438-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochstatter, K. R., Akhtar, W. Z., Dietz, S., Pe-Romashko, K., Gustafson, D. H., Shah, D. V., Krechel, S., Liebert, C., Miller, R., El-Bassel, N., & Westergaard, R. P. (2020). Potential influences of the covid-19 pandemic on drug use and HIV care among people living with HIV and substance use disorders: Experience from a pilot Mhealth Intervention. AIDS and Behavior, 25(2), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02976-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, R., Nelson, M., Bracchi, M., Asboe, D., & Boffito, M. (2020). COVID-19 in patients with HIV. Lancet HIV, 7(6), e383. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(20)30139-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilbourne, A. M., Switzer, G., Hyman, K., Crowley-Matoka, M., & Fine, M. J. (2006). Advancing health disparities research within the health care system: A conceptual framework. American Journal of Public Health, 96(12), 2113–2121. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2005.077628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krier, S., Bozich, C., Pompa, R., & Friedman, M. R. (2020). Assessing HIV-related stigma in healthcare settings in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. AIDS and Behavior, 24(9), 2483–2485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02892-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marbaniang, I., Sangle, S., Nimkar, S., Zarekar, K., Salvi, S., Chavan, A., Gupta, A., Suryavanshi, N., & Mave, V. (2020). The burden of anxiety among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pune, India. BMC Public Health, 20(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09656-8
   Google Scholar
• McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb), 22(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mgbako, O., Miller, E. H., Santoro, A. F., Remien, R. H., Shalev, N., Olender, S., Gordon, P., & Sobieszczyk, M. E. (2020). COVID-19, telemedicine, and patient empowerment in HIV care and research. AIDS and Behavior, 24(7), 1990–1993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02926-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Náfrádi, L., Nakamoto, K., & Schulz, P. J. (2017). Is patient empowerment the key to promote adherence? A systematic review of the relationship between self-efficacy, health locus of control and medication adherence. PLoS One, 12(10), e0186458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245–1251. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantelic, M., Martin, K., Fitzpatrick, C., Nixon, E., Tweed, M., Spice, W., Jones, M., Darking, M., Whetham, J., & Vera, J.H. (2021). “I have the strength to get through this using my past experiences with HIV": findings from a mixed-method survey of health outcomes, service accessibility, and psychosocial wellbeing among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic [published online ahead of print, 2021 Sep 16]. AIDS Care, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1975628
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes, S. D., Mann-Jackson, L., Alonzo, J., Garcia, M., Tanner, A. E., Smart, B. D., Horridge, D. N., Van Dam, C. N., & Wilkin, A. M. (2021). A rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US south. AIDS and Behavior, 25(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03014-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridgway, J. P., Farley, B., Benoit, J. L., Frohne, C., Hazra, A., Pettit, N., Pho, M., Pursell, K., Saltzman, J., Schmitt, J., Uvin, A. Z., Pitrak, D., & McNulty, M. (2020). A case series of five people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 34(8), 331–335. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2020.0103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridgway, J. P., Schmitt, J., Friedman, E., Taylor, M., Devlin, S., McNulty, M., & Pitrak, D. (2020). HIV care continuum and COVID-19 outcomes among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic, Chicago, IL. AIDS and Behavior, 24(10), 2770–2772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02905-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rueda, S., Mitra, S., Chen, S., Gogolishvili, D., Globerman, J., Chambers, L., Wilson, M., Logie, C. H., Shi, Q., Morassaei, S., & Rourke, S. B. (2016). Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: A series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011453. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saag, M. S., Benson, C. A., Gandhi, R. T., Hoy, J. F., Landovitz, R. J., Mugavero, M. J., Sax, P. E., Smith, D. M., Thompson, M. A., Buchbinder, S. P., Del Rio, C., Eron Jr., J. J., Fätkenheuer, G., Günthard, H. F., Molina, J. M., Jacobsen, D. M., & Volberding, P. A. (2018). Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2018 Recommendations of the international antiviral society-USA panel. Jama, 320(4), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, G.-M., Ackerman, B., Rao, A., Wallach, S., Ayala, G., Lamontage, E., Garner, A., Holloway, I., Arreola, S., Silenzio, V., Ström, S., Yu, L., Strong, C., Adamson, T., Yakusik, A., Doan, T., Huang, P., Cerasuolo, D., Bishop, A., … Howell, S. (2020). Economic, mental health, HIV prevention and HIV treatment impacts of covid-19 and the COVID-19 response on a global sample of cisgender gay men and other men who have sex with men. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-33958/v1
   Google Scholar
• Shiau, S., Krause, K. D., Valera, P., Swaminathan, S., & Halkitis, P. N. (2020). The burden of COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A syndemic perspective. AIDS and Behavior, 24(8), 2244–2249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02871-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, N. S., Ddaaki, W., Nakyanjo, N., Isabirye, D., Nakubulwa, R., Nalugoda, F., Kagaayi, J., & Kennedy, C.E. (2021). “A double stress”: The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among people living with HIV in Rakai, Uganda [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jul 22]. AIDS and Behavior, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03379-6
   Google Scholar
• Winwood, J. J., Fitzgerald, L., Gardiner, B., Hannan, K., Howard, C., & Mutch, A. (2021). Exploring the social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV): A scoping review. AIDS and Behavior, 25(12), 4125–4140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03300-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar