Rationale, evidence, and steps for implementation of medication for opioid use disorder treatment programs in HIV primary care settings

References

• American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2021). Public policy statement on the regulation of office-based opioid treatment. Accessed July 5 2021, from https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/public-policy-statements/statement-on-regulation-of-obot.pdf?sfvrsn = df8540c2_2
   Google Scholar
• Aspinall, E. J., Nambiar, D., Goldberg, D. J., Hickman, M., Weir, A., Van Velzen, E., Palmateer, N., Doyle, J. S., Hellard, M. E., & Hutchinson, S. J. (2014). Are needle and syringe programmes associated with a reduction in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(1), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assoumou, S. A., Paniagua, S. M., Gonzalez, P., Wang, J., Beckwith, C. G., White, L. F., Taylor, J. L., Coogan, K., Samet, J. H., & Linas, B. P. (2021). HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis and buprenorphine at a drug detoxification center during the opioid epidemic: Opportunities and challenges. AIDS and Behavior, 25(8), 2591–2598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03220-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auriacombe, M., Fatseas, M., Dubernet, J., Fatséas, M., Daulouède, J.-P., & Tignol, J. (2004). French field experience with buprenorphine. American Journal on Addictions, 13(Suppl 1), S17–S28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490490440780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, K. M., Litwin, A., Li, X., Heo, M., & Arnsten, J. H. (2011). Directly observed antiretroviral therapy improves adherence and viral load in drug users attending methadone maintenance clinics: A randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 113(2-3), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, C. L., Owens, D. K., Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D., & Brandeau, M. L. (2017). Estimation of the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention portfolios for people who inject drugs in the United States: A model-based analysis. PLOS Medicine, 14(5), e1002312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branson, B. M., Handsfield, H. H., Lampe, M. A., Janssen, R. S., Taylor, A. W., Lyss, S. B., & Clark, J. E. (2006). Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR, 55(RR14), 1–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brust, J. C., Litwin, A. H., Berg, K. M., Li, X., Heo, M., & Arnsten, J. H. (2011). Directly observed antiretroviral therapy in substance abusers receiving methadone maintenance therapy does Not cause increased drug resistance. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 27(5), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2010.0181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bull-Otterson, L., Huang, Y. A., Zhu, W., King, H., Edlin, B. R., & Hoover, K. W. (2020, Jan 30). Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection testing among commercially insured persons who inject drugs, United States, 2010–2017. Journal of Infectious Disease, 222(6), 940–947. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). HIV Surveillance Report, 2018. (Preliminary); vol. 30. Accessed 24 March 2020, from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Published November 2019
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Injection drug use and HIV risk. Accessed on 23 March 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/idu.html
   Google Scholar
• Cook, R. R., Torralva, R., King, C., Lum, P. J., Tookes, H., Foot, C., Vergara-Rodriguez, P., Rodriguez, A., Fanucchi, L., Lucas, G. M., Waddell, E. N., & Korthuis, P. T. (2021). Associations between fentanyl use and initiation, persistence, and retention on medications for opioid use disorder among people living with uncontrolled HIV disease. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 228, 109077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, E., Casas, J. P., & Wilkins, R. B. (2019). Fundamentals of HIV medicine (2019 ed.). Oxford University Press. c2019. Chapter 31, Substance Abuse in HIV Populations; p. 309–316.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). National viral hepatitis action plan 2017–2020. Accessed on 19 March 2020, from https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/National%20Viral%20Hepatitis%20Action%20Plan%202017-2020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fanucchi, L., Springer, S. A., & Korthuis, P. T. (2019). Medications for treatment of opioid use disorder among persons living with HIV. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 16(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00436-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiscella, K., Wakeman, S. E., & Beletsky, L. (2019). Buprenorphine deregulation and mainstreaming treatment for opioid use disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(3), 229–230. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Drug safety communication: FDA recommends health care professionals discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing opioid pain relievers or medicines to treat opioid use disorder. 23 July 2020. Accessed on 6 July 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/140360/download
   Google Scholar
• Gowing, L., Farrell, M. F., Bornemann, R., Sullivan, L. E., & Ali, R. (2011). Oral substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD004145. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004145.pub4
   Google Scholar
• Hagan, H., McGough, J. P., Thiede, H., Hopkins, S., Duchin, J., & Alexander, E. R. (2000). Reduced injection frequency and increased entry and retention in drug treatment associated with needle-exchange participation in Seattle drug injectors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19(3), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(00)00104-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karki, P., Shrestha, R., Huedo-Medina, T. B., & Copenhaver, M. (2016). The impact of methadone maintenance treatment on HIV risk behaviors among high-risk injection drug users: A systematic review. Evidence Based Medicine Public Health, [Epub Mar 22].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, J., Lesko, C. R., Fojo, A. T., Keruly, J. C., Moore, R. D., Chander, G., & Lau, B. (2021). The effect of buprenorphine on HIV viral suppression. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 73(11), 1951–1956. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korthius, P. T., King, C., Cook, R. R., Korthuis, P. T., Khuyen, T. T., Kunkel, L. E., Bart, G., Nguyen, T., Thuy, D. T., Bielavitz, S., Nguyen, D. B., Tam, N. T. M., & Giang, L. M. (2021). HIV clinic-based buprenorphine plus naloxone versus referral for methadone maintenance therapy for treatment of opioid use disorder in HIV clinics in Vietnam (BRAVO): an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet HIV, 8(2), e67–e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30302-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korthuis, P. T., Cook, R. R., Lum, P. J., Waddell, E. N., Tookes, H., Vergara-Rodriguez, P., Kunkel, L. E., Lucas, G. M., Rodriguez, A. E., Bielavitz, S., Fanucchi, L. C., Hoffman, K. A., Bachrach, K., Payne, E. H., Collins, J. A., Matthews, A., Oden, N., Jacobs, P., Jelstrom, E., … McCarty, D. (2022). HIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone versus treatment as usual for people with HIV and opioid use disorder: A non-blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial. Addiction, 117(7), 1961–1971. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korthuis, P. T., Lum, P. J., Vergara-Rodriguez, P., Vergara-Rodriguez, P., Ahamad, K., Wood, E., Kunkel, L. E., Oden, N. L., Lindblad, R., Sorensen, J. L., Arenas, V., Ha, D., Mandler, R. N., & McCarty, D. (2017). Feasibility and safety of extended-release naltrexone treatment of opioid and alcohol use disorder in HIV clinics: A pilot/feasibility randomized trial. Addiction, 112(6), 1036–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larochelle, M. R., Bernson, D., Land, T., Stopka, T. J., Wang, N., Xuan, Z., Bagley, S. M., Liebschutz, J. M., & Walley, A. Y. (2018). Medication for opioid use disorder after nonfatal opioid overdose and association with mortality: A cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(3), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-3107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low, A. J., Mburu, G., Welton, N. J., May, M. T., Davies, C. F., French, C., Turner, K. M., Looker, K. J., Christensen, H., McLean, S., Rhodes, T., Platt, L., Hickman, M., Guise, A., & Vickerman, P. (2016). Impact of opioid substitution therapy on antiretroviral therapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 63(8), 1094–1104. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, G. M., Chaudhry, A., Hsu, J., Woodson, T., Lau, B., Olsen, Y., Keruly, J. C., Fiellin, D. A., Finkelstein, R., Barditch-Crovo, P., Cook, K., & Moore, R. D. (2010). Clinic-based treatment for opioid-dependent HIV-infected patients versus referral to an opioid treatment program: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(11), 704–711. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magwood, O., Salavalaggio, G., Beder, M., Salvalaggio, G., Kendall, C., Kpade, V., Daghmach, W., Habonimana, G., Marshall, Z., Snyder, E., O’Shea, T., Lennox, R., Hsu, H., Tugwell, P., & Pottie, K. (2020). The effectiveness of substance use interventions for homeless and vulnerably housed persons: A systematic review of systematic reviews on supervised consumption facilities, managed alcohol programs, and pharmacological agents for opioid use disorder. PLoS One, 15(1), e0227298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, N. K., Hickman, M., Hutchinson, S. J., Goldberg, D. J., & Vickerman, P. (2013). Combination of interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: Modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe exchange programs, and opiate substitution therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 57(S2), S39–S45. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattick, R. P., Breen, C., Kimber, J., & Davoli, M. (2009). Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD002209. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002209.pub2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattick, R. P., Breen, C., Kimber, J., & Davoli, M. (2014). Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD002207.https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002207.pub4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCance-Katz, E. F. (2011). Drug interactions associated with methadone, buprenorphine, cocaine, and HIV medications: Implications for pregnant women. Life Sciences, 88(21-22), 953–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2010.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, S., Rachlis, B., Krysowaty, B., Marshall, Z., Olsen, C., Rourke, S., & Kerr, T. (2019). Potential use of supervised injection services among people who inject drugs in a remote and mid-size Canadian setting. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6606-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palepu, A., Tyndall, M. W., Joy, R., Kerr, T., Wood, E., Press, N., Hogg, R. S., & Montaner, J. S. G. (2006). Antiretroviral adherence and HIV treatment outcomes among HIV/HCV co-infected injection drug users: The role of methadone maintenance therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 84(2), 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt, L., Minozzi, S., Reed, J., Vickerman, P., Hagan, H., French, C., Jordan, A., Degenhardt, L., Hope, V., Hutchinson, S., Maher, L., Palmateer, N., Taylor, A., Bruneau, J., & Hickman, M. (2017). Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, CD012021. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012021.pub2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan, V. M., Go, V. F., Nam, L. V., Bergenstrom, A., Thuoc, N. P., Zenilman, J., Latkin, C., & Celentano, D. D. (2009). Risks for HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among male injection drug users in northern Vietnam: A case-control study. AIDS Care, 21(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802017610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Removal of DATA Waiver (X-Waiver) requirement. (2023). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Updated January 12, 2023. Accessed February 20, 2023, from https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/removal-data-waiver-requirement
   Google Scholar
• Roncero, C., Fuster, D., Palma-Alvarez, R. F., Palma-Álvarez, R. F., Rodriguez-Cintas, L., Martinez-Luna, N., & Álvarez, F. J. (2017). HIV and HCV infection among opiate dependent patients and methadone doses: The PROTEUS study. AIDS Care, 29(12), 1551–1556. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1313384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sordo, L., Barrio, G., Bravo, M. J., Indave, B. I., Degenhardt, L., Wiessing, L., Ferri, M., & Pastor-Barriuso, R. (2017). Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ, 357, j1550. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer, S. A., Barocas, J. A., Wurcel, A., Nijhawan, A., Thakarar, K., Lynfield, R., Hurley, H., Snowden, J., Thornton, A., & del Rio, C. (2020). Federal and state action needed to end the infectious complications of illicit drug use in the United States: IDSA and HIVMA’s advocacy agenda. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(Suppl 5), S230–S238. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz673
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Springer, S. A., Di Paola, A., Barbour, R., Azar, M. M., & Altice, F. L. (2018). Extended-release naltrexone improves viral suppression among incarcerated persons living with HIV and alcohol use disorders transitioning to the community: Results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 79(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava, A., Kahan, M., & Nader, M. (2017). Primary care management of opioid use disorders: Abstinence, methadone, or buprenorphine-naloxone? Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien, 63(3), 200–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2016). Medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder pocket guide. March 2016. https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Medication-Assisted-Treatment-of-Opioid-Use-Disorder-Pocket-Guide
   Google Scholar
• Veck, L., Parlier-Ahmed, A. B., & Martin, C. E. (2021). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) indication and uptake among people receiving buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 132, 105506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, R. D., Potter, J. S., Fiellin, D. A., Byrne, M., Connery, H. S., Dickinson, W., Gardin, J., Griffin, M. L., Gourevitch, M. N., Haller, D. L., Hasson, A. L., Huang, Z., Jacobs, P., Kosinski, A. S., Lindbald, R., McCance-Katz, E. F., Provost, S. E., Selzer, J., Somoza, E. C., ... Ling, W. (2011). Adjunctive counseling during brief and extended buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for prescription opioid dependence: A 2-phase randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(12), 1238–1246. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar