References
- Amato , P.R. and Keith , B. 1991 . Parental divorce and adult well‐being: A meta‐analysis . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 53 : 43 – 58 .
- Arditti , J.A. 1999 . Rethinking relationships between mothers and their children: Capitalizing on family strengths . Family Relations , 48 : 109 – 19 .
- Astone , N.M. and McLanahan , S.S. 1991 . Family structure, parental practices, and high school completion . American Sociological Review , 56 : 309 – 20 .
- Attaway , N.M. and Bry , B.H. 2004 . Parenting style and Black adolescents’ academic achievement . Journal of Black Psychology , 30 : 229 – 47 .
- Barmett , R. and Rivers , C. 2007 . Gender myths & the education of boys . Independent School , 66 ( 2 ) : 92 – 103 .
- Biblarz , T.J. and Gottainer , G. 2000 . Family structure and children’s success: A comparison of widowed and divorced single‐mother families . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 62 : 533 – 49 .
- Bowlby , J. 1988 . A secure base: Parent–child attachment and healthy human development , New York : Basic .
- Bozett , F.W. 1985 . Male development and fathering throughout the life cycle . American Behavioral Scientist , 29 : 41 – 54 .
- Burt , K.B. and Scott , J. 2002 . Parent and adolescent gender role attitudes in 1990s Great Britain . Sex Roles , 46 : 239 – 46 .
- Caldwell , G.P. and Ginther , D.W. 1996 . Differences in learning styles of low socioeconomic status for low and high achievers . Education , 117 : 141 – 7 .
- Camara , K.A. and Resnick , G. 1989 . Styles of conflict resolution and cooperation between divorced parents: Effects on child behavior and adjustment . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 59 : 560 – 75 .
- Chodorow , N.J. 1994 . Femininities, masculinities, sexualities: Freud and beyond , Lexington : The University Press of Kentucky .
- Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
- Demuth , S. and Brown , S.L. 2004 . Family structure, family processes, and adolescent delinquency: The significance of parental absence versus parental gender . Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency , 41 ( 1 ) : 58 – 81 .
- Downey , D.B. 1994 . The school performance of children from single‐mother and single‐father families: Economic or interpersonal deprivation . Journal of Family Issues , 15 : 129 – 48 .
- Downey , D.B. , Ainsworth‐Darnell , J.W. and Dufur , M.J. 1998 . Sex of parent and children’s well being in single‐parent households . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 60 : 878 – 94 .
- Downey , D.B. and Powell , B. 1993 . Do children in single‐parent households fare better living with same‐sex parents? . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 55 : 55 – 72 .
- Featherstone , D.R. and Cudnick , B.P. 1992 . Differences in school behavior and achievement between children from intact, reconstituted, and single‐parent families . Adolescence , 27 : 1 – 13 .
- Freud , S. 1949 . An outline of psychoanalysis , New York : Norton .
- Guttmann , J. 1989 . “ Divorced fathers with custody ” . In Fatherhood today: Men’s changing role in the family , Edited by: Bronstein , P. and Cowan , C.P. 166 – 94 . New York : John Wiley .
- Ham , B.D. 2004 . The effects of divorce and remarriage on the academic achievement of high school seniors . Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 42 : 159 – 79 .
- Heatherington , E.M. 1981 . “ Children and divorce ” . In Parent–child interaction: Theory, research, and prospects , Edited by: Henderson , R.W. 33 – 58 . New York : Academic Press .
- Helwig , R. , Anderson , L. and Tindal , G. 2001 . Influence of elementary student gender on teachers’ perceptions of mathematics achievement . Journal of Educational Research , 95 ( 2 ) : 93 – 102 .
- Hobbs , D. 1990 . “ School based community development: Making connections for improved learning ” . In The role of rural schools in community development , Edited by: Raferty , S. and Mulkey , D. 57 – 64 . Mississippi State, MS : Southern Rural Development Center .
- Hyde , J.S. 2005 . The gender similarities hypothesis . American Psychologist , 60 : 581 – 92 .
- Hyde , J.S. , Fennema , E. and Lamon , S. 1990 . Gender differences in mathematics performance: A meta‐analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 107 : 139 – 55 .
- Juni , S. , Rahamim , E.L. and Brannon , R. 1985 . Sex role development and a function of parent role models and oedipal fixation . The Journal of Genetic Psychology , 146 : 89 – 99 .
- Kelly , J. 1988 . Longer term adjustment in children of divorce . Journal of Family Psychology , 2 : 119 – 40 .
- Kohlberg , L. 1966 . “ A cognitive‐developmental analysis of children’s sex‐role concepts and attitudes ” . In The development of sex differences , Edited by: Macoby , Eleanor . 82 – 173 . Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
- Lamb , M.E. 1981 . “ Fathers and child development: An integrated overview ” . In The role of the father in child development , Edited by: Lamb , M.E. 1 – 70 . New York : John Wiley .
- Mack‐Canty , C. and Wright , S. 2004 . Family values as practiced by feminist parents: Bridging third‐wave feminism and family pluralism . Journal of Family Issues , 25 : 851 – 80 .
- McEwen , M.K. 1996 . “ New perspectives on identity development ” . In Student services: A handbook for the profession , Edited by: Komives , S.R. and Woodward Jr , D.B. 188 – 217 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
- McGannon , W. , Carey , J. and Dimmitt , C. 2005 . The current status of school counseling outcome research , Amherst, NY : Center for School Counseling Outcome Research .
- McLanahan , S.S. and Sandefur , G. 1994 . Growing up with a single‐parent: What hurts, what helps? , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Morrison , D.R. and Cherlin , A.J. 1995 . The divorce process and young children’s well‐being: A perspective analysis . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 57 : 800 – 12 .
- National Center for Education Statistics . 2004a . Education Longitudinal Study: 2002: Data files and electronic codebook system , Washington, DC : Government Printing Office. CD‐ROM .
- National Center for Education Statistics . 2004b . ELS: 2002 base year data file user’s manual , Washington, DC : Government Printing Office .
- Perloff , R.M. 1982 . Gender constancy and same‐sex imitation: A developmental study . The Journal of Psychology , 111 : 81 – 6 .
- Peterson , J.L. and Zill , N. 1986 . Marital disruption, parent–child relationships, and behavior problems in children . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 48 : 295 – 307 .
- Pong , S. 1998 . The school compositional effect of single parenthood on 10th grade achievement . Sociology of Education , 71 : 24 – 43 .
- Pong , S. and Ju , D.B. 2000 . The effects of change in family structure and income on dropping out of middle and high school . Journal of Family Issues , 21 : 147 – 69 .
- Powell , B. and Downey , D.B. 1997 . Living in single‐parent households: An investigation of the same‐sex hypothesis . American Sociological Review , 62 : 521 – 39 .
- Radin , N. and Russell , G. 1983 . “ Increased father participation and child development outcomes ” . In Fatherhood and family policy , Edited by: Lamb , M.E. and Sagi , A. 191 – 218 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
- Rossi , A.S. 1984 . Gender and parenthood . American Sociological Review , 49 : 1 – 19 .
- Santrock , J.W. and Warshack , R.A. 1979 . Father custody and social development in boys and girls . Journal of Social Issues , 35 : 112 – 25 .
- Scott , J. 2004 . Family, gender, and educational attainment in Britain: A longitudinal study . Journal of Comparative Family Studies , 35 : 565 – 89 .
- Segal , L. 1999 . Cautionary tales: Between Freud and feminism . Constellations: An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory , 6 ( 1 ) : 61 – 80 .
- Seltzer , J. 1994 . Consequences of marital dissolution for children . Annual Review of Sociology , 20 : 235 – 66 .
- Serbin , L.A. , Powlishta , K.K. and Gulko , J. 1993 . The development of sex typing in middle childhood . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 58 ( 2 ) : 1 – 74 .
- Simons , R.L. , Whitbeck , L.B. , Beaman , J. and Conger , R.D. 1994 . The impact of mothers’ parenting, involvement by nonresidential fathers, and parental conflict on the adjustment of adolescent children . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 56 : 356 – 74 .
- Sirin , S.R. and Rogers‐Sirin , L. 2004 . Exploring school engagement of middle‐class African American adolescents . Youth and Society , 38 : 323 – 40 .
- Skelton , C. 2003 . Male primary teachers and perceptions of masculinity . Educational Review , 55 : 195 – 210 .
- Tannen , D. 1991 . You just don’t understand: Women and men in conversation , New York : Ballantine Books .
- Thompson , J.S. 2003 . The effect of single‐sex secondary schooling on women’s choice of college major . Sociological Perspectives , 46 : 257 – 78 .
- Thompson , R.A. 1983 . “ The father’s case in child custody disputes: The contributions of psychological research ” . In Fatherhood and family policy , Edited by: Lamb , M.E. and Sagi , A. 53 – 100 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
- Trautner , H.M. , Ruble , D.N. , Cyphers , L. , Kirsten , B. , Behrendt , R. and Hartmann , P. 2005 . Rigidity and flexibility of gender stereotypes in childhood: Developmental or differential? . Infant & Child Development , 14 : 365 – 81 .
- Trusty , J. 2002 . African Americans’ educational expectations: Longitudinal causal models for women and men . Journal of Counseling and Development , 80 : 332 – 45 .
- US Census Bureau . 2000 . US Census. www.factfinder.census.gov (accessed November 1, 2005)
- Videon , T.M. 2002 . Parent–child relations and children’s psychological well‐being: Do dads matter? . Journal of Family Issues , 26 : 55 – 79 .
- Wallerstein , J.S. 1983 . Children of divorce: The psychological tasks of the child . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 53 : 230 – 43 .
- Wallerstein , J.S. 1987 . Children of divorce: Report of a ten‐year follow‐up of early latency‐age children . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 57 : 199 – 211 .
- Watt , H.M. 2004 . Development of adolescents’ self‐perceptions, values, and task perceptions according to gender and domain in 7th through 11th grade Australian students . Child Development , 75 : 1556 – 74 .
- Zhan , M. and Pandey , S. 2004 . Postsecondary education and economic well‐being of single mothers and single fathers . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 66 : 661 – 73 .