3,976
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

‘Sexual violence is not good for our country's development’. Students’ interpretations of sexual violence in a secondary school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Pages 562-580 | Received 24 Feb 2014, Accepted 14 Dec 2015, Published online: 28 Jan 2016

References

  • Allen, L. 2005. “‘Say Everything’: Exploring Young People's Suggestions for Improving Sexuality Education.” Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning 5(4): 389–404. doi:10.1080/14681810500278493.
  • Ampofo, A. A., J. Beoku-Betts, W. N. Njambi, and M. Osirim. 2004. “Women's and Gender Studies in English-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Research in the Social Sciences.” Gender & Society 18 (6): 685–714. doi:10.1177/0891243204269188.
  • Bajaj, M. 2009. “‘I Have Big Things Planned for My Future’: The Limits and Possibilities of Transformative Agency in Zambian Schools.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 39 (4): 551–568. doi:10.1080/03057920701844503.
  • Barker, G., and C. Ricardo. 2005. Young Men and the Construction of Masculinity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS, Conflict and Violence. Social Development Papers, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Paper No. 26, June. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Bekele, A. B. 2012. “ Determinants of Sexual Violence among Eastern Ethiopian Secondary School Students.” Diss., University of Utrecht.
  • Bhana, D. 2012. ““Girls Are Not Free” – In and Out of the South African School.” International Journal of Educational Development 32: 352–358. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.06.002.
  • Bloor, M., J. Frankland, M. Thomas, and K. Robson. 2001. Focus Groups in Social Research. London: Sage.
  • Bott, S. 2010. “Sexual Violence and Coercion: Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Health.” In Social Determinants of Sexual and Reproductive Health: Informing Programmes and Future Research, edited by S Malarcher, 133–157. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Brady, M. 2005. “Creating Safe Spaces and Building Social Assets for Young Women in the Developing World: A New Role for Sport.” Women's Studies Quarterly 33 (1&2): 44–45.
  • Braeken, D., and M. Cardinal. 2008. “CSE as a Means of Promoting Sexual Health.” International Journal of Sexual Health 20 (1–2): 50–62. doi:10.1080/19317610802157051.
  • Connell, R. W. 2002. Gender. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Deyessa, N., Y. Berhane, A. Alem, M. Ellsberg, M. Emmelin, U. Hogberg, and G. Kullgren, 2009. “Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Among Women in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.” Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 5 (8): doi:10.1186/1745-0179-5-8.
  • Dunne, M., S. Humphreys, and F. Leach. 2006. Gender Violence in Schools in the Developing World. Gender and Education 18 (1): 75–98. doi: 10.1080/09540250500195143
  • Dunne, M., F. Leach, B. Chilisa, T. Maundeni, R. Tabulawa, N. Kutor, F. Dzama, and A. Assamoah. 2005. Schools as Gendered Institutions: The Impact on Retention and Achievement. London: DfID.
  • Epstein, D., and R. Johnson. 1998. Schooling Sexualities. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
  • Gelaye, B., D. Arnold, M. A. Williams, M. Goshu, and Y Berhane. 2009. “Depressive Symptoms among Female College Students Experiencing Gender-Based Violence in Awassa.” Ethiopia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24 (3): 464–481. doi:10.1177/0886260508317173.
  • Glynn, J. R., M. Caraël, B. Auvert, M. Kahindo, J. Chege, R. Musonda, F. Kaona, and A. Buvé. 2001. “Why Do Young Women Have a Much Higher Prevalence of HIV than Young Men? A Study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia.” Aids 15: S51–S60. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200108004-00006
  • Gossaye, Y., N. Deyessa, Y. Berhane, M. Ellsberg, M. Emmelin, M. Ashenafi, and A. Alem. 2003. “Butajira Rural Health Program: Women's Health and Life Events Study in Rural Ethiopia.” Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 17 (2): 1–51.
  • Iyer, P., and P. Aggleton. 2013. “‘Sex Education Should Be Taught, Fine … but We Make Sure They Control Themselves’: Teachers’ Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Young People's Sexual and Reproductive Health in a Ugandan Secondary School.” Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning 13 (1): 40–53. doi:10.1080/14681811.2012.677184.
  • Jewkes, R., and N. Abrahams. 2002. “The Epidemiology of Rape and Sexual Coercion in South Africa: An Overview.” Social Science & Medicine 55 (7): 1231–1244. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00242-8.
  • Jewkes, R., L. Penn-Kekana, and H. Rose-Junius. 2005. ““If They Rape Me, I Can't Blame Them”: Reflections on Gender in the Social Context of Child Rape in South Africa and Namibia.” Social Science & Medicine 61: 1809–1820. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.022
  • Jewkes, R., P. Sen, and C. Garcia-Moreno. 2002. “Sexual Violence.” In World Report on Violence and Health, edited by E. G. Krug, 149–181. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Kebede, M. T., P. Hilden, and A. L. Middelthon. 2014. “Negotiated Silence: The Management of the Self as a Moral Subject in Young Ethiopian Women's Discourse about Sexuality.” Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning. doi:10.1080/14681811.2014.924918.
  • Leach, F. 2003. “Learning to Be Violent: The Role of the School in Developing Adolescent Gendered Behaviour.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 33 (3): 385–400. doi:10.1080/0305792032000107812.
  • Leach, F., and S. Humphreys. 2007. “Gender Violence in Schools: Taking the ‘Girls-as-Victims’ Discourse Forward.” Gender & Development 15 (1): 51–65. doi:10.1080/13552070601179003.
  • Leclerc-Madlala, S. 2003. “Transactional Sex and the Pursuit of Modernity.” Social Dynamics 29 (2): 213–233. doi:10.1080/02533950308628681.
  • Lewis, T. 2002. “ Review Essay: African Feminist Studies: 1980–2002.” Gender and Women's Studies Africa. http://www.gwsafrica.org/knowledge/africa.
  • Maganja, R. K., S. Maman, A. Groues, and J. K. Mkwambo. 2007. “Skinning the Goat and Pulling the Load: Transactional Sex among Youth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.” AIDS Care 19 (8): 974–981. doi:10.1080/09540120701294286.
  • Mane, P., and P. Aggleton. 2001. “Gender and HIV/AIDS. What Do Men Have to Do with It?” Current Sociology 49 (6): 23–37. doi:10.1177/0011392101496005.
  • Meyer, E. J. 2008. “Gendered Harassment in Secondary Schools: Understanding Teachers’ (Non) interventions.” Gender and Education 20 (6): 555–570. doi:10.1080/09540250802213115.
  • Miedema, E. A. J., C. Maxwell, and P. Aggleton. 2011. “Education about HIV/AIDS – Theoretical Underpinnings for a Practical Response.” Health Education Research 26 (3): 516–525. doi:10.1093/her/cyq088.
  • Miles, M. B., and A. M. Huberman. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Mirembe, R., and L. Davies. 2001. “Is Schooling a Risk? Gender, Power Relations, and School Culture in Uganda.” Gender and Education 13 (4): 401–416. doi:10.1080/09540250120081751. doi: 10.1080/09540250120081751
  • Mulugeta, E., M. Kassaye, and Y. Berhane. 1998. “Prevalence and Outcomes of Sexual Violence among High School Students.” Ethiopian Medical Journal 36 (3): 167–174. http://www.popline.org/node/280449.
  • Nyanzi, S., R. Pool, and J. Kinsman. 2001. “The Negotiation of Sexual Relationships among School Pupils in South-Western Uganda.” Aids Care 13 (1): 83–98. doi:10.1080/09540120020018206.
  • Ollis, D. 2014. “The Role of Teachers in Delivering Education about Respectful Relationships: Exploring Teacher and Student Perspectives.” Health Education Research 29 (4): 702–713. doi: 10.1093/her/cyu032
  • Omaar, R., and A. de Waal. 1994. Crimes Without Punishment: Sexual Harassment and Violence Against Female Students in Schools and Universities in Africa. African Rights, July (Discussion Paper No. 4).
  • Oshi, D. C., S. Nakalema, and L. L. Oshi. 2005. “Cultural and Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Sex Education in Secondary Schools in Nigeria.” Journal of Biosocial Science 37: 175–183. doi: 10.1017/S0021932004006820
  • Rose, P., and M. Tembon. 1999. “Girls and Schooling in Ethiopia.” In Gender, Education and Development: Beyond Access to Empowerment, edited by C. Heward and S. Bunwaree, 85–100. London: Zed Books Ltd.
  • Stromquist, N. P., and G. E. Fischman. 2009. “Introduction – From Denouncing Gender Inequities to Undoing Gender in Education: Practices and Programmes Toward Change in the Social Relations of Gender.” International Review of Education 55 (5): 463–482. doi: 10.1007/s11159-009-9146-z
  • Subrahmanian, R. 2005. “Gender Equality in Education: Definitions and Measurements.” International Journal of Educational Development 25: 395–407. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.04.003.
  • UNESCO. 2009. The International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education. An Evidence-Informed Approach for Schools, Teachers and Health Educators.
  • Varga, C. A. 2001. “The Forgotten Fifty Per Cent: A Review of Sexual and Reproductive Health Research and Programs Focused on Boys and Young Men in Sub-Saharan Africa.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 5 (3): 175–195. doi: 10.2307/3583334
  • WHO (World Health Organization). 2002. WHO World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). 2005. WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence Against Women: Summary Report of Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women's Responses. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/en/.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). 2011. Violence Against Women – Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). 2014. Understanding and Addressing Violence Against Women. Fact Sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112325#sthash.yRURjkLW.dpuf.
  • Wood, K., F. Maforah, and R. Jewkes. 1998. ““He Forced Me to Love Him”: Putting Violence on Adolescent Sexual Health Agendas.” Social Science & Medicine 47 (2): 233–242. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00057-4
  • Yigzaw, T., A. Yibrie, and Y. Kebede. 2004. “Domestic Violence Around Gondar in Northwest Ethiopia.” Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 18 (3): 133–139.