The nationalised and gendered citizen in a global world – examples from textbooks, policy and steering documents in Turkey and Sweden

References

• Abadan-Unat, N., D. Kandiyoti, and M. Kıray, eds. 1981. Women in Turkish Society. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Altınay, A. G. 2004. The Myth of the Military-Nation: Militarism, Gender, and Education in Turkey. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Altun, A., Y. Doğan, and E. Uzun. 2011. İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler 6: Ders kitabı [Social sciences 6: course book]. Ankara: Altın Kitaplar.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, M. 2007. Shaping History. Narratives of Political Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arat, Y. 1990. The Patriarchal Paradox. London: Associated University Presses.
   Google Scholar
• Arat, Y. 1993. “Women's Studies in Turkey: From Kemalism to Feminism.” New Perspectives on Turkey 9: 119–135. doi: 10.1017/S0896634600002247
   Google Scholar
• Arnot, M. 2009. Educating the Gendered Citizen: Sociological Engagements with National and Global Agendas. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Arnot, M., and J. A. Dillabough. 1999. “Feminist Politics and Democratic Values in Education.” Curriculum Iinquiry 29 (2): 159–189. doi: 10.1111/0362-6784.00120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan, M. M. 2011. İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler 7: Ders kitabı [Social sciences 7: course book]. Ankara: Anıttepe Yayıncılık.
   Google Scholar
• Banting, K., and W. Kymlicka. 2012. “ Is There Really a Backlash Against Multiculturalism Policies?” Working Paper 2012, no. 4. Linnaeus Centre for Integration Studies, Stockholm University.
   Google Scholar
• Benhabib, S. 2004. The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berghahn, V., and H. Schissler, eds. 1987. National Perceptions of the Past. International Textbook Research in Britain, the United States and West Germany. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, W. R. 1990. “Immigration, Citizenship and Nation-State in France and Germany: A Comparative Historical Analysis.” International Sociology 5 (4): 379–407. doi: 10.1177/026858090005004003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çakır, S. 1994. Osmanı hareketi [Ottoman woman's movement]. Istanbul: Metis.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, M. 2006. “Immigrant Women within Swedish Language Instruction: Contradictions and Transgressions.” In Multiple Marginalities: An Intercultural Dialogue on Gender in Education, edited by J. Sempruch, K. Willems, and L. Shook, 312–328. Königstein: Helmer Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, M. 2007. “Images and Values in Textbook and Practice: Language Courses for Immigrants in Sweden.” In Education in ‘Multicultural’ Societies – Turkish and Swedish Perspectives, edited by M. Carlson, A. Rabo, and Fatma Gök, 123–140. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, M. 2015. “Are You Going to Write as We Think or As You Think on Troubled Positions Borders and Boundaries Among Immigrant Women in a Swedish Context.” In Borders and the Changing Boundaries of Knowledge, edited by I. Brandell, M. Carlson, and Ö. Çetrez, 109–127. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 22.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, M., and A. Rabo. 2007. “Introduction.” In Education in ‘Multicultural’ Societies – Turkish and Swedish Perspectives, edited by M. Carlson, A. Rabo, and Fatma Gök, 1–19. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, M. 2014. “Gender and Education: A View from Latin America.” Gender and Education 26 (2): 97–102. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2014.899122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çayır, K. 2009. “Preparing Turkey for the European Union: Nationalism, National Identity and ‘Otherness’ in Turkey's New Textbooks.” Journal of Intercultural Studies 30 (1): 39–55. doi: 10.1080/07256860802579436
   Google Scholar
• Cizre, Ü. 2001. “Turkey's Kurdish Problem: Borders, Identity and Hegemony.” In Right-Sizing the State, edited by B. O'leary, I. S. Lustick, and T. Callaghy, 222–252. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cock, J. 1991. Colonels and Cadres: War and Gender in South Africa. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 1990. “The State, Gender and Sexual Politics: Theory and Appraisal.” Theory and Society 19: 507–544. doi: 10.1007/BF00147025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeaux, E. 1998. Tarih ders kitaplarında (1931–1993) Türk Tarih Tezinden Türk-İslam Sentezine [History textbooks (1931–1993) from the Turkish history Thesis to the Turkish–Islamic synthesis]. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı.
   Google Scholar
• Danielsson Malmros, I. 2012. Det var en gång ett land… Berättelser om svenskhet i historieböcker och elevers föreställningsvärldar [Once upon a time there was a country … Narratives about Swedishness and students’ worldviews]. Höör: Agerings Bokförlag.
   Google Scholar
• Dietz, M. G. 1992. “Context is all: Feminism and Theories of Citizenship.” In Dimensions of Radical Democracy: Pluralism, Citizenship and Community, edited by C. Mouffe, 63–85. New York: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Eduards, M. 2007. Kroppspolitik: om moder Svea och andra kvinnor [Body politics: about mother Svea and other women]. Stockholm: Atlas.
   Google Scholar
• Engelbrektsson, U. B. 1978. The Force of Tradition: Turkish Migrants at Home and Abroad. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.
   Google Scholar
• Enloe, C. 2000. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ersanlı-Behar, B. 1992. İktidar ve tarih: Türkiye’de resmi tarih tezinin oluşumu (1939–1937) [Power and history: the formation of the official history thesis in Turkey]. Istanbul: AFA Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez Kelly, M. 1993. “Underclass and Immigrant Women as Economic Actors: Rethinking Citizenship in a Changing Global Economy.” American University International Law Review 9 (1): 151–169.
   Google Scholar
• Forbes, J., E. Öhrn, and G. Weiner. 2011. “Slippage and/or Symbolism: Gender, Policy and Educational Governance in Scotland and Sweden.” Gender and Education 23 (6): 761–776. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2010.527830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1991. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. Translated by A. Sheridan. London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. 1997. Justice Interrupts: Critical Reflections on the ‘Post-Socialist’ Condition. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gellner, E. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Gögüs Tan, M. 2007. “Women, Education and Development in Turkey.” In Education in ‘Multicultural’ Societies – Turkish and Swedish Perspectives, edited by M. Carlson, A. Rabo, and Fatma Gök, 107–122. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Gruber, S., and A. Rabo. 2014. “Multiculturalism Swedish Style: Shifts and Sediments in Educational Policies and Textbooks.” Policy Futures in Education 12 (1): 56–66. doi: 10.2304/pfie.2014.12.1.56
   Google Scholar
• Gubrium, J. F., and J. A. Holstein. 2009. Analyzing Narrative Reality. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. 1998. The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hernes, H. 1987. Welfare State and Women Power: Essays in State Feminism. Oslo: Norwegian University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hobsbawm, E. J. 1990. Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Isin, E. F., and B. S. Turner. 2003. Handbook of Citizenship Studies. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, K. 1990. “Citizenship in a Women Friendly Polity.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 15 (4): 781–812. doi: 10.1086/494628
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadıoğlu, A. 1994. “Women's Subordination in Turkey.” Middle East Journal 48 (4): 645–660.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadıoğlu, A. 2007. “Denationalization of Citizenship? The Turkish Experience.” Citizenship Studies 11 (3): 283–299. doi: 10.1080/17450100701381839
   Google Scholar
• Kancı, T. 2008. “Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarından bugünlere ders kitaplarında kadınlık ve erkeklik kurguları [Constructions of femininity and masculinity in schoolbooks from the early Republican era into the present].” In Cinsiyet halleri [The Conditions of Gender], edited by N. Mutluer, 88–102. Istanbul: Varlık.
   Google Scholar
• Kancı, T. 2014. “Citizenship and the Pedagogical State in Turkey.” In Democratization and Citizenship Discourses in the MENA Region, edited by M. Micheletti, 127–154. Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Kancı, T., and A. G. Altınay. 2007. “ Educating Little Soldiers and Little Ayşes: Militarised and Gendered Citizenship in Turkish Textbooks.” In Education in ‘Multicultural’ Societies – Turkish and Swedish Perspectives, edited by M. Carlson, A. Rabo, and Fatma Gök, 51–70. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, D., ed. 1992. Women, Islam and the State. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keskinen, S., S. Tuori, S. Irni, and D. Mulinari, eds. 2009. Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Keyman, E. F., and T. Kancı. 2011. “A Tale of Ambiguity: Citizenship, Nationalism and Democracy in Turkey.” Nations and Nationalism 17 (2): 318–336. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8129.2010.00462.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komisyon. 2011. İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler 6: Ders kitabı [Social sciences 6: course book]. Ankara: MEB.
   Google Scholar
• Kristensson Uggla. 2012. De självgoda antipatrioternas förlovade land [The promised land of the self-righteous anti-patriots]. Svenska Dagbladet. http://www.svd.se/kultur/understrecket/de-sjalvgoda-antipatrioternas-forlovade-land_7705880.svd.
   Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lgr 11. 2011. “ Curriculum for the Compulsory School, Preschool Class and the Recreation Centre 2011.” http://www.skolverket.se/publikationer.
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, I. 2007. “ Multilingual Education: A Swedish Perspective.” In Education in ‘Multicultural’ Societies – Turkish and Swedish Perspectives, edited by M. Carlson, A. Rabo, and F. Gök, 71–90. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Lister, R. 1997. Citizenship: Feminist Perspectives. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Magnusson, E., M. Rönnblom, and H. Silius, eds. 2008. Critical Studies of Gender Equalities: Nordic Dislocations and Dilemmas and Contradictions. Göteborg: Makadam.
   Google Scholar
• McIver, S. I. 2009. “ Conceptualisations of Citizenship in Sweden and the United Kingdom: An Empirical Study and Analysis of How ‘Citizenship’ is Understood in Policy and by Policymakers.” PhD diss., University of Edinburgh.
   Google Scholar
• MEB Mevzuat. 2013a. İlköğretim ve eğitim kanunu [Primary education law]. Ankara: MEB Mevzuat Bankası. http://mevzuat.meb.gov.tr/html/24.html.
   Google Scholar
• MEB Mevzuat. 2013b. Milli eğitim temel kanunu [Basic law of national education]. Ankara: MEB Mevzuat Bankası. http://mevzuat.meb.gov.tr/html/88.html.
   Google Scholar
• MONE. 2005. Basic education in Turkey: Background Report. Ankara: MONE (Ministry of National Education).
   Google Scholar
• Nordberg, M., T. Saar, and A. Hellman. 2010. “Deconstructing the Normal Boy: Heterosexuality and Gender Constructions in School and Preschool.” In Norm Struggles: Sexualities in Contentions, edited by L. Martinsson and E. Reimers, 29–52. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2007. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Basic Education in Turkey. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Polat, M. M., N. Kaya, M. Koyunca, and A. Özcan. 2011. İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler 7: Ders kitabı [Social sciences 7: course book]. Ankara: MEB.
   Google Scholar
• Pred, A. 2000. Even in Sweden: Racisms, Racialized Spaces, and the Popular Geographical Imagination. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Puskas, T. 2009. ‘We Belong to Them.’ Narratives of Belonging, Homeland and Nationhood in Territorial and Non-territorial Minority Settings. Brussels: P.I.E. Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Rabo, A. 2007. Reorganising Teacher Education in Sweden: Paradoxes of Diversity. In: Education in ‘Multicultural’ Societies – Turkish and Swedish Perspectives, edited by M. Carlson, A. Rabo, and F. Gök, 35–50. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. Transactions, vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Riessman, C. K., and J. Speedy. 2007. “Narrative Inquiry in the Psychotherapy Professions: A Critical Review.” In Handbook of Narrative Inquiry: Mapping a Methodology, edited by J. Clandinin, 426–456. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Schiffauer, W., and T. Sunier. 2004. “Representing the Nation in History Textbooks.” In Civil Enculturation: Nation-State, School and Ethnic Difference in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany and France, edited by W. Schiffauer, G. Bauman, R. Kastoryano, and S. Vertovec, 33–59. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Schissler, H., and Y. Nuhoglu Soysal, eds. 2005. The Nation, Europe and the World. Textbooks and Curricula in Transition. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sirman, N. 2005. “The Making of Familial Citizenship.” In Citizenship in a Global World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences, edited by E. F. Keyman and A. İçduygu, 147–172. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stromquist, N. P. 2015. “Viewpoint Responses Reflections on Future Tasks.” Gender and Education 27 (2): 109–113. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2015.1016335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. 1994. “The Politics of Recognition.” In Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, edited by A. Gutmann, 25–75. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tesfahuney, M. 1998. Imag(in)ing the Others: Migration, Racism and the Discursive Constructions of Immigrants. Geografiskaregionstudier, no. 34. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
   Google Scholar
• TTKB. 2004. Sosyal bilgiler 4. -5. sınıf programı [Social sciences 4. -5. grade curriculum]. Ankara: MEB. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/program2.aspx?islem=1&kno=38.
   Google Scholar
• TTKB. 2005. Sosyal bilgiler 6. -7. sınıf programı [Social sciences 6. -7. grade curriculum]. Ankara: MEB. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/program2.aspx?islem=1&kno=39.
   Google Scholar
• Üstel, F. 2004. Makbul vatandaşın peşinde: II. Meşrutiyetten bugüne vatandaşlık eğitimi [In the pursuit of the desirable citizen: citizenship education from the II. Constitutional era to today]. Istanbul: Iletişim.
   Google Scholar
• Vogel, U. 1989. Is citizenship gender specific? Paper presented at PSA annual conference, Warwick, April 4–6.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, E. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yeğen, M. 2004. “Citizenship and Ethnicity in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (6): 51–66. doi: 10.1080/0026320042000282874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. 1997. Gender and Nation. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. 2011. The Politics of Belonging. Intersectional Contestations. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N., and M. Stoetzler. 2002. “Imagined Boundaries and Borders: A Gendered Gaze.” The European Journal of Women's Studies 9 (3): 329–344. doi: 10.1177/1350506802009003378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar