55
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Making the glass ceiling visible: vertical segregation in Mongolian public universities

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 615-632 | Received 07 Mar 2023, Accepted 12 Jun 2024, Published online: 04 Jul 2024

References

  • Adiya, E. 2010. “Gender Equity in Access to Higher Education in Mongolia.” PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh.
  • Aiston, S. J. 2011. “Equality, Justice and Gender: Barriers to the Ethical University for Women.” Ethics and Education 6 (3): 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2011.632721.
  • Aiston, S. J., and C. K. Fo. 2020. “The Silence/ing of Academic Women.” Gender and Education, 1–18.
  • Amaral, A., O. Tavares, and C. Santos. 2013. “Higher Education Reform in Portugal: A Historical and Comparative Perspective of the New Legal Framework for Public Universities.” Higher Education Policy 26 (1): 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2012.29.
  • Azimbayeva, G. 2017. “Comparing Post-Soviet Changes in Higher Education Governance in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan.” Cogent Education 4 (1): 1399968. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1399968
  • Baark, E. 1996. “Science and Technology Policy.” In Mongolia in Transition, edited by O. Bruun and O. Odgaard, 190–216. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press Ltd.
  • Berkery, E., M. Morley, and S. Tiernan. 2013. “Beyond Gender Role Stereotypes and Requisite Managerial Characteristics: From Communal to Androgynous, the Changing Views of Women.” Gender in Management: An International Journal 28 (5): 278–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-12-2012-0098.
  • Blackmore, J. 2013. “A Feminist Critical Perspective on Educational Leadership.” International Journal of Leadership in Education 16 (2): 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2012.754057.
  • Blackmore, J. 2015. “Gender Inequality and Education: Changing Local/Global Relations in a ‘Post-Colonial’ World and the Implications for Feminist Research.” In Second International Handbook on Globalisation, Education and Policy Research, edited by J. Zajda. Springer.
  • Bukhchuluun, B. E., and E. Juujaa. 2018. “Governance of Higher Education, Legal Issues and Solution.” Paper presented at “Sustainable development - Higher Education” State Consultation II, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, January 26–27.
  • Burkinshaw, P. 2015. Higher Education, Leadership and Women Vice Chancellors: Fitting Into Communities of Practice of Masculinities. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Carli, L. L., L. Alawa, Y. Lee, B. Zhao, and E. Kim. 2016. “Stereotypes About Gender and Science: Women≠ Scientists.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 40 (2): 244–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315622645.
  • Cohen, L., L. Manion, and K. Morrison. 2007. Research Methods in Education. New York: Routledge.
  • Courtney, S. J., H. M. Gunter, R. Niesche, and T. Trujillo, eds. 2021. Understanding Educational Leadership: Critical Perspectives and Approaches. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Creswell, J. 2014. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 5th ed. Sydney: Pearson Australia.
  • De Welde, K., and S. Laursen. 2011. “The Glass Obstacle Course: Informal and Formal Barriers for Women PhD Students in STEM Fields.” International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology 3 (3): 571–595.
  • Diezmann, C., and S. Grieshaber. 2019. Women Professors: Who Makes It and How? Singapore: Springer.
  • Dimmock, C., and A. Walker. 2005. Educational Leadership: Culture and Diversity. London: SAGE.
  • Duehr, E. E., and J. E. Bono. 2006. “Men, Women, and Managers: Are Stereotypes Finally Changing?” Personnel Psychology 59 (4): 815–846. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00055.x.
  • Education Law (Mongolia). n.d. https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=9020.
  • Eslen-Ziya, H., and T. M. Yildirim. 2022. “Perceptions of Gendered-Challenges in Academia: How Women Academics See Gender Hierarchies as Barriers to Achievement.” Gender, Work & Organization 29 (1): 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12744.
  • Fitzgerald, T., and J. Wilkinson. 2010. Travelling Towards a Mirage? Gender, Leadership & Higher Education. Australia: Post Pressed.
  • Gaskell, J., M. Eichler, J. Pan, J. Xu, and X. Zhang. 2004. “The Participation of Women Faculty in Chinese Universities: Paradoxes of Globalization.” Gender and Education 16 (4): 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250042000300402.
  • Gray, D. E. 2014. Doing Research in the Real World. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
  • Jambalsuren, Ts. 2014. “A history of the National University of Mongolia.” The National University of Mongolia. January 21. https://news.num.edu.mn/?p=15636.
  • Javzan, S. 2018. “Governance, Financial Issues and Solution of Higher Education.” Paper presented at “Sustainable development - Higher Education” State Consultation II, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, January 26–27.
  • Koenig, A. M., A. H. Eagly, A. A. Mitchell, and T. Ristikari. 2011. “Are Leader Stereotypes Masculine? A Meta-Analysis of Three Research Paradigms.” Psychological Bulletin 137 (4): 616–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023557.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., and A. Almukhambetova. 2017. “Female Academic Leadership in the Post-Soviet Context.” European Educational Research Journal 16 (2-3): 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904116682040.
  • Lane, D., and M. R. Myant, eds. 2007. Varieties of Capitalism in Post-Communist Countries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lewis, D. 2012. “Understanding the Authoritarian State: Neopatrimonialism in Central Asia.” Brown Journal of World Affairs 19 (1): 115–130.
  • MES. 2023. The 2022–2023 School Year Statistics of the Higher Education Sector. Ministry of Education and Science of Mongolia. January 15. https://www.meds.gov.mn/post/125506.
  • MGL6. 2023. “About MGL6. MGL6 Mongolian Great Leadership.” January 22. http://www.mgl6.elf.gov.mn/page/6.
  • MNUE. 2022. “MNUE 2020-2021 in Numerical Languages.” Mongolian National University of Education. September 25. https://fliphtml5.com/mjqad/jstk/basic.
  • MNUE. 2023. “Rules and Regulations of MNUE.” Mongolian National University of Education. January 12. https://web.msue.edu.mn/Category/Post/42f1956e-0d31-4a06-b8a0-7b8f4d237315.
  • Morley, L. 2014. “Lost Leaders: Women in the Global Academy.” Higher Education Research and Development 33 (1): 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.864611.
  • MUST. 2022. Statistics of MUST. Mongolian University of Science and Technology. September 25. https://must.edu.mn/mn/page/620.
  • MUST. 2023. Rules and Regulations of MUST. Mongolian University of Science and Technology. January 12. https://www.must.edu.mn/mn/must-laws/.
  • Namsraidorj, B., and T. Chultemsuren. 2013. “Higher Education Policy Analysis.” National University of Mongolia. July 3. http://news.num.edu.mn/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/11-21-Higher-education-Final-report-March-6-2013.docx.
  • Nett, N., T. Nett, J. Englert, and R. Gaschler. 2022. “Think Scientists—Think Male: Science and Leadership are Still More Strongly Associated with men Than with Women in Germany.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 52 (8): 643–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12761.
  • NUM. 2022. “NUM Infographics of Human Resource.” National University of Mongolia. September 25. https://www.num.edu.mn/infograp/resource.
  • NUM. 2023. “Rules and Regulations of NUM.” National University of Mongolia. January 12. https://news.num.edu.mn/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/МУИС-ийн-Дүрэм.pdf.
  • Paris, L. D., and D. L. Decker. 2012. “Sex Role Stereotypes: Does Business Education Make a Difference?” Gender in Management: An International Journal 27 (1): 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542411211199264.
  • Peterson, H. 2016. “Is Managing Academics “Women’s Work”? Exploring the Glass Cliff in Higher Education Management.” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 44 (1): 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214563897.
  • Powell, G. N., and D. A. Butterfield. 1979. “The "Good Manager": Masculine or Androgynous?” Academy of Management Journal 22 (2): 395–403. https://doi.org/10.2307/255597.
  • Purvee, A. 2020. “Women and Academic Leadership at Public and Private Universities in Mongolia.” PhD diss., Monash University.
  • Roberto, F., A. Rey, R. Maglio, and F. Agliata. 2020. “The Academic “Glass-Ceiling”: Investigating the Increase of Female Academicians in Italy.” International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28 (5): 1031–1054. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-06-2019-1779.
  • Sahlin, K., and U. Eriksson-Zetterquist. 2016. “Collegiality in Modern Universities–the Composition of Governance Ideals and Practices.” Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy 2016 (2-3): 33640. https://doi.org/10.3402/nstep.v2.33640
  • Schein, V. E. 1973. “The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characteristics.” Journal of Applied Psychology 57 (2): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037128.
  • Schein, V. E., and R. Mueller. 1992. “Sex Role Stereotyping and Requisite Management Characteristics: A Cross Cultural Look.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 13 (5): 439–447. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130502.
  • Schein, V. E., R. Mueller, T. Lituchy, and J. Liu. 1996. “Think Manager—Think Male: A Global Phenomenon?” Journal of Organizational Behavior 17 (1): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199601)17:1<33::AID-JOB778>3.0.CO;2-F.
  • Shinar, E. H. 1975. “Sexual Stereotypes of Occupations.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 7 (1): 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(75)90037-8.
  • Smolentseva, A. 2003. “Challenges to the Russian Academic Profession.” Higher Education 45 (4): 391–424. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023954415569.
  • Smolentseva, A. 2020. “Marketisation of Higher Education and Dual-Track Tuition fee System in Post-Soviet Countries.” International Journal of Educational Development 78: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102265.
  • Thornton, M. 2013. “The Mirage of Merit.” Australian Feminist Studies 28 (76): 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2013.789584.
  • Trakman, L. 2008. “Modelling University Governance.” Higher Education Quarterly 62 (1-2): 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2008.00384.x.
  • Tseden, T. 2009. “Mongolian Women’s Status in the XX Century and its Changes.” PhD diss., The National University of Mongolia.
  • Unified Legal Information System. 2023. “The National Program of the Development of Research-Based Universities.” Unified Legal Information System of Mongolia. January 20. https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail/13653.
  • Van den Brink, M., and Y. Benschop. 2012. “Gender Practices in the Construction of Academic Excellence: Sheep with Five Legs.” Organization 19 (4): 507–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508411414293.
  • Van Veelen, R., and B. Derks. 2022. “Academics as Agentic Superheroes: Female Academics’ Lack of Fit with the Agentic Stereotype of Success Limits Their Career Advancement.” British Journal of Social Psychology 61 (3): 748–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12515.
  • Wilkinson, J., and L. Bristol. 2018. Educational Leadership as a Culturally-Constructed Practice: New Directions and Possibilities. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Wilkinson, J., A. Purvee, and K. MacDonald. 2021. “Gender and Educational Leadership.” In Understanding Educational Leadership: Critical Perspectives and Approaches, edited by S. Courtney, H. Gunter, R. Niesche, and T. Trujillo. Bloomsbury.
  • Yu, K., and Y. Wang. 2018. The Making of Female University Presidents in China. Singapore: Springer.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.