Neuropsychological functioning and brain structure in schizophrenia

References

• Afifi AK. The basal ganglia: A neural network with more than motor function. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology 2003; 10: 3–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aleman A, Kahn RS. Strange feelings: Do amygdala abnormalities dysregulate the emotional brain in schizophrenia?. Progress in neurobiology 2005; 77: 283–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander MP. Disorders of language after frontal lobe injury. Evidence for the neural mechanisms of assembling language. Principles of frontal lobe function, DT Stuss, RT Knight. Oxford University Press, New York 2002
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen NC. The role of the thalamus in schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 42: 27–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Swayze V II, O'Leary DS, Alliger R, Cohen G, et al. Intelligence and brain structure in normal individuals. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 130–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreasen NC, Paradiso S, O'Leary DS. ‘Cognitive dysmetria’ as an integrative theory of schizophrenia: A dysfunction in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry?. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1998; 24: 203–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonova E, Kumari V, Morris R, Halari R, Anilkumar A, Mehrotra R, Sharma T. The relationship of structural alterations to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: A voxel-based morphometry study. Biological Psychiatry 2005; 58: 457–467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonova E, Sharma T, Morris R, Kumari V. The relationship between brain structure and neurocognition in schizophrenia: A selective review. Schizophrenia Research 2004; 70: 117–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baare WF, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hijman R, Mali WP, Viergever MA, Kahn RS. Volumetric analysis of frontal lobe regions in schizophrenia: Relation to cognitive function and symptomatology. Biological Psychiatry 1999; 45: 1597–1605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barta PE, Pearlson GD, Powers RE, Richards SS, Tune LE. Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1457–1462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Robinson D, Reiter G, Bell L, Bates JA, et al. Neuropsychology of first-episode schizophrenia: Initial characterization and clinical correlates. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 157: 549–559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleuer E. Dementia praecox oder die Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Deuticke, Leipzig 1911
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein RA, Schwarzkopf SB, Olson SC, Nasrallah HA. Third-ventricle enlargement and neuropsychological deficit in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 1992; 31: 954–961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo C, Abbruzzese M, Livian S, Scotti G, Locatelli M, Bonfanti A, Scarone S. Memory functions and temporal-limbic morphology in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 1993; 50: 45–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo-Facorro B, Kim J, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Magnotta V. Regional frontal abnormalities in schizophrenia: A quantitative gray matter volume and cortical surface size study. Biological Psychiatry 2000; 48: 110–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo-Facorro B, Roiz-Santianez R, Pelayo-Teran JM, Gonzalez-Blanch C, Perez-Iglesias R, Gutierrez A, et al. Caudate nucleus volume and its clinical and cognitive correlations in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 2007a; 91: 87–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo-Facorro B, Roiz-Santianez R, Pelayo-Teran JM, Rodriguez-Sanchez JM, Perez-Iglesias R, Gonzalez-Blanch C, et al. Reduced thalamic volume in first-episode non-affective psychosis: Correlations with clinical variables, symptomatology and cognitive functioning. NeuroImage 2007b; 35: 1613–1623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Archives of Neurology 1993; 50: 873–880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan RC, Chen EY, Cheung EF, Cheung HK. Executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Relationships to clinical manifestation. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2004; 254: 256–262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chemerinski E, Nopoulos PC, Crespo-Facorro B, Andreasen NC, Magnotta V. Morphology of the ventral frontal cortex in schizophrenia: Relationship with social dysfunction. Biological Psychiatry 2002; 52: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JS, Kang DH, Kim JJ, Ha TH, Roh KS, Youn T, et al. Decreased caudal anterior cingulate gyrus volume and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 2005; 139: 239–247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dazzan P, Morgan KD, Orr KG, Hutchinson G, Chitnis X, Suckling J, et al. The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in AESOP first-episode psychoses study. Brain 2004; 127: 143–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi LE, Hoff AL, Schwartz JE, Shields GW, Halthore SN, Gupta SM, Henn FA, Anand AK. Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenic-like psychotic patients: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry 1991; 29: 159–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Michele V, Rossi A, Stratta P, Schiazza G, Bolino F, Giordano L, Casacchia M. Neuropsychological and clinical correlates of temporal lobe anatomy in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1992; 85: 484–488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exner C, Boucsein K, Degner D, Irle E, Weniger G. Impaired emotional learning and reduced amygdala size in schizophrenia: A 3-month follow-up. Schizophrenia Research 2004; 71: 493–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exner C, Weniger G, Schmidt-Samoa C, Irle E. Reduced size of the pre-supplementary motor cortex and impaired motor sequence learning in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 2006; 84: 386–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan J, McCandliss BD, Fossella J, Flombaum JI, Posner MI. The activation of attentional networks. NeuroImage 2005; 26: 471–479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaum M, Andreasen NC, Swayze VW II, O'Leary DS, Alliger RJ. IQ and brain size in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 1994; 53: 243–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaum M, O'Leary DS, Swayze VW II, Miller DD, Arndt S, Andreasen NC. Symptom dimensions and brain morphology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1995; 29: 261–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg TE, Torrey EF, Berman KF, Weinberger DR. Relations between neuropsychological performance and brain morphological and physiological measures in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 1994a; 55: 51–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg TE, Torrey EF, Berman KF, Weinberger DR. Relations between neuropsychological performance and brain morphological and physiological measures in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 1994b; 55: 51–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Blanch C, Crespo-Facorro B, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Pelayo-Teran JM, Perez-Iglesias R, Vazquez-Barquero JL. Cognitive dimensions in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottesman II, Gould TD. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 636–645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1996; 153: 321–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gur RE, Turetsky BI, Bilker WB, Gur RC. Reduced gray matter volume in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 905–911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gur RE, Turetsky BI, Cowell PE, Finkelman C, Maany V, Grossman RI, Arnold SE, Bilker WB, Gur RC. Temporolimbic volume reductions in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57: 769–775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff AL, Riordan H, O'Donnell D, Stritzke P, Neale C, Boccio A, et al. Anomalous lateral sulcus asymmetry and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1992; 18: 257–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honey GD, Fletcher PC. Investigating principles of human brain function underlying working memory: What insights from schizophrenia?. Neuroscience 2006; 139: 59–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoptman MJ, Volavka J, Weiss EM, Czobor P, Szeszko PR, Gerig G, Chakos M, Blocher J, Citrome LL, Lindenmayer JP, Sheitman B, Lieberman JA, Bilder RM. Quantitative MRI measures of orbitofrontal cortex in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatry Research 2005; 140: 133–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones-Gootman M, Zatorre RJ, Oliver A. Learning and retention of words and desingns following excision fron medial or lateral temporal-lobe structures. Neuropsychologia 1997; 35: 963–973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones P, Rodgers B, Murray R, Marmot M. Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort. Lancet 1994; 344: 1398–1402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kareken DA, Gur RC, Mozley PD, Mozley LH, Saykin AJ, Shtasel DL, et al. Cognitive functioning and neuroanatomic volume measures in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 1995; 9: 211–219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JJ, Crespo-Facorro B, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Magnotta V, Nopoulos P. Morphology of the lateral superior temporal gyrus in neuroleptic naïve patients with schizophrenia: Relationship to symptoms. Schizophrenia Research 2003; 60: 173–181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krabbendam L, Derix MM, Honig A, Vuurman E, Havermans R, Wilmink JT, et al. Cognitive performance in relation to MRI temporal lobe volume in schizophrenic patients and healthy control subjects. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2000; 12: 251–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuperberg GR, Broome MR, McGuire PK, David AS, Eddy M, Ozawa F, Goff D, West WC, Williams SC, van der Kouwe AJ, Salat DH, Dale AM, Fischl B. Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 2003; 60: 878–888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laywer G, Nyman H, Agartz I, Arnborg S, Jonsson EG, Sedvall GC, et al. Morphological correlates to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia as studied with Bayesian regression. BMC Psychiatry 2006; 6: 31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt JJ, McCarley RW, Nestor PG, Petrescu C, Donnino R, Hirayasu Y, et al. Quantitative volumetric MRI study of the cerebellum and vermis in schizophrenia: Clinical and cognitive correlates. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1105–1107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak M, Howieson DB, Loring DW. The behavioral geography of the brain. Neuropsychological assessment, DBH. Muriel, D Lezak, David W Loring. Oxford University Press, New York 2004
   Google Scholar
• Lipska BK, Weinberger DR. A neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: Neonatal disconnection of the hippocampus. Neurotoxicity Research 2002; 4: 469–475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Garcia P, Aizenstein HJ, Snitz BE, Walter RP, Carter CS. Automated ROI-based brain parcellation analysis of frontal and temporal brain volumes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 2006; 147: 153–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher BA, Manschreck TC, Woods BT, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Tsuang MT. Frontal brain volume and context effects in short-term recall in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 1995; 37: 144–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manschreck TC, Maher BA, Candela SF, Redmond D, Yurgelun-Todd D, Tsuang M. Impaired verbal memory is associated with impaired motor performance in schizophrenia: Relationship to brain structure. Schizophrenia Research 2000; 43: 21–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowitsch HJ. Neuroanatomy of memory. The Oxford handbook of memory, ETFMI Claik. Oxford University Press, New York 2000
   Google Scholar
• McAllister TW, Flashman LA, Sparling MB, Saykin AJ. Working memory deficits after traumatic brain injury: Catecholaminergic mechanisms and prospects for treatment – a review. Brain Injury 2004; 18: 331–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh AM, Harrison LK, Forrester K, Lawrie SM, Johnstone EC. Neuropsychological impairments in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 186: 378–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon RR, Barta PE, Aylward EH, Richards SS, Vaughn DD, Tien AY, et al. Posterior superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia: Grey matter changes and clinical correlates. Schizophrenia Research 1995; 16: 127–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montoya A, Price BH, Menear M, Lepage M. Brain imaging and cognitive dysfunctions in Huntington's disease. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2006; 31: 21–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestor PG, O'Donnell BF, McCarley RW, Niznikiewicz M, Barnard J, Jen Shen Z, et al. A new statistical method for testing hypotheses of neuropsychological/MRI relationships in schizophrenia: Partial least squares analysis. Schizophrenia Research 2002; 53: 57–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestor PG, Shenton ME, McCarley RW, Haimson J, Smith RS, O'Donnell B, Kimble M, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA. Neuropsychological correlates of MRI temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1849–1855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nopoulos PC, Ceilley JW, Gailis EA, Andreasen NC. An MRI study of cerebellar vermis morphology in patients with schizophrenia: Evidence in support of the cognitive dysmetria concept. Biological Psychiatry 1999; 46: 703–711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradiso S, Andreasen NC, Crespo-Facorro B, O'Leary DS, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL, et al. Emotions in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia during evaluation with positron emission tomography. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1775–1783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradiso S, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Arndt S, Robinson RG. Cerebellar size and cognition: Correlations with IQ, verbal memory and motor dexterity. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology 1997; 10: 1–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Portas CM, Goldstein JM, Shenton ME, Hokama HH, Wible CG, Fischer I, et al. Volumetric evaluation of the thalamus in schizophrenic male patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry 1998; 43: 649–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preuss UW, Zetzsche T, Jager M, Groll C, Frodl T, Bottlender R, et al. Thalamic volume in first-episode and chronic schizophrenic subjects: A volumetric MRI study. Schizophrenia Research 2005; 73: 91–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raine A, Lencz T, Reynolds GP, Harrison G, Sheard C, Medley I, et al. An evaluation of structural and functional prefrontal deficits in schizophrenia: MRI and neuropsychological measures. Psychiatry Research 1992; 45: 123–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi A, Stratta P, Mancini F, de Cataldo S, Casacchia M. Cerebellar vermal size in schizophrenia: A male effect. Biological Psychiatry 1993; 33: 354–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado-Pineda P, Baeza I, Perez-Gomez M, Vendrell P, Junque C, Bargallo N, et al. Sustained attention impairment correlates to gray matter decreases in first episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. NeuroImage 2003; 19: 365–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanfilipo M, Lafargue T, Rusinek H, Arena L, Loneragan C, Lautin A, et al. Cognitive performance in schizophrenia: Relationship to regional brain volumes and psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatry Research 2002; 116: 1–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmahmann JD, Sherman JC. The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain 1998; 121: 561–579, Pt 4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidman LJ, Yurgelun-Todd D, Kremen WS, Woods BT, Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, et al. Relationship of prefrontal and temporal lobe MRI measures to neuropsychological performance in chronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 1994; 35: 235–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenton ME, Dickey CC, Frumin M, McCarley RW. A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 2001; 49: 1–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire LR, Zola-Morgan S. The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science 1991; 253: 1380–1386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steen RG, Mull C, McClure R, Hamer RM, Lieberman JA. Brain volume in first-episode schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 188: 510–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratta P, Mancini F, Mattei P, Daneluzzo E, Casacchia M, Rossi A. Association between striatal reduction and poor Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 1997; 42: 816–820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan EV, Shear PK, Lim KO, Zipursky RB, Pfefferbaum A. Cognitive and motor impairments are related to gray matter volume deficits in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 1996; 39: 234–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szendi I, Kiss M, Racsmany M, Boda K, Cimmer C, Voros E, et al. Correlations between clinical symptoms, working memory functions and structural brain abnormalities in men with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 2006; 147: 47–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeszko PR, Bilder RM, Lencz T, Ashtari M, Goldman RS, Reiter G, et al. Reduced anterior cingulate gyrus volume correlates with executive dysfunction in men with first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 2000; 43: 97–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeszko PR, Gunning-Dixon F, Goldman RS, Bates J, Ashtari M, Snyder PJ, et al. Lack of normal association between cerebellar volume and neuropsychological functions in first-episode schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1884–1887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeszko PR, Strous RD, Goldman RS, Ashtari M, Knuth KH, Lieberman JA, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of hippocampal volumes in patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 159: 217–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamminga CA, Vogel M, Gao X, Lahti AC, Holcomb HH. The limbic cortex in schizophrenia: Focus on the anterior cingulate. Brain Research 2000; 31: 364–370
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres IJ, Flashman LA, O'Leary DS, Swayze V II, Andreasen NC. Lack of an association between delayed memory and hippocampal and temporal lobe size in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Biological Psychiatry 1997; 42: 1087–1096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toulopoulou T, Grech A, Morris RG, Schulze K, McDonald C, Chapple B, et al. The relationship between volumetric brain changes and cognitive function: A family study on schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 56: 447–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tranel D, Damasio AR. Neurobiological foundations of human memory. The handbook of memory disorder, AD Baddeley. Wiley, Chichester 2002
   Google Scholar
• Van der Werf YD, Scheltens P, Lindeboom J, Witter MP, Uylings HB, Jolles J. Deficits of memory, executive functioning and attention following infarction in the thalamus; a study of 22 cases with localised lesions. Neuropsychologia 2003; 41: 1330–1344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vita A, Dieci M, Giobbio GM, Caputo A, Ghiringhelli L, Comazzi M, et al. Language and thought disorder in schizophrenia: Brain morphological correlates. Schizophrenia Research 1995; 15: 243–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright IC, Rabe-Hesketh S, Woodruff PW, David AS, Murray RM, Bullmore ET. Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 157: 16–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuffante P, Leonard CM, Kuldau JM, Bauer RM, Doty EG, Bilder RM. Working memory deficits in schizophrenia are not necessarily specific or associated with MRI-based estimates of area 46 volumes. Psychiatry Research 2001; 108: 187–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar