Separating mood disturbance from mild cognitive impairment in geriatric depression

References

• Alexopoulos GS, Abrams RC, Young RC, Shamoian CA. Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Biological Psychiatry 1988; 23: 271–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos GS, Kiosses DN, Heo M, Murphy CF, Shanmugham B, Gunning-Dixon F. Executive dysfunction and the course of geriatric depression. Biological Psychiatry 2005; 58: 204–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos GS, Kiosses DN, Murphy C, Heo M. Executive dysfunction, heart disease burden, and remission of geriatric depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29: 2278–2284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, Campbell S, Silbersweig D, Charlson M. ‘Vascular depression’ hypothesis. Archives of General Psychiatry 1997; 54: 915–922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos GS, Raue P, Arean P. Problem-solving therapy versus supportive therapy in geriatric major depression with executive dysfunction. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2003; 11: 46–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APA (American Psychiatric Association). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR4th. Author, Washington, DC 2000
   Google Scholar
• Arve S, Tilvis RS, Lehtonen A, Valvanne J, Sairanen S. Coexistence of lowered mood and cognitive impairment of elderly people in five birth cohorts. Aging (Milano) 1999; 11: 90–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Austin MP, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Parker G, Hickie I, Brodaty H, et al. Cognitive function in depression: A distinct pattern of frontal impairment in melancholia?. Psychological Medicine 1999; 29: 73–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard C, Holmes C, McKeith I, Neill D, O’Brien J, Cairns N, et al. Psychiatric morbidity in dementia with Lewy bodies: A prospective clinical and neuropathological comparative study with Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1039–1045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beats BC, Sahakian BJ, Levy R. Cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in the elderly depressed. Psychological Medicine 1996; 26: 591–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell-McGinty S, Butters MA, Meltzer CC, Greer PJ, Reynolds CF, Becker JT. Brain morphometric abnormalities in geriatric depression: Long-term neurobiological effects of illness duration. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 159: 1424–1427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger AK, Fratiglioni L, Forsell Y, Winblad B, Backman L. The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the preclinical phase of AD: A population-based study. Neurology 1999; 53: 1998–2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla RK, Butters MA, Mulsant BH, Begley AE, Zmuda MD, Schoderbek B, et al. Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits in the remitted state of late-life depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2006; 14: 419–427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazer DG. Mood disorders: Epidemiology. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, New York 2000
   Google Scholar
• Blazer DG. Depression in late life: Review and commentary. Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2003; 58: 249–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boone K, Lesser B, Miller B, Wohl M, Berman N, Lee A, et al. Cognitive functioning in a geriatric depressed population: Relationship of presence and severity of depression to neuropsychological scores. Neuropsychology 1995; 9: 390–398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broe GA, Henderson AS, Creasey H, McCusker E, Korten AE, Jorm AF, et al. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Australia. Neurology 1990; 40: 1698–1707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey CE, Figiel GS, Djang WT, Saunders WB, Weiner RD. White matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical and neuroanatomic correlates in the depressed elderly. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 1989; 1: 135–144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Groot JC, de Leeuw FE, Oudkerk M, Hofman A, Jolles J, Breteler MM. Cerebral white matter lesions and depressive symptoms in elderly adults. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57: 1071–1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feil D, Razani J, Boone K, Lesser I. Apathy and cognitive performance in older adults with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2003; 18: 479–488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figiel GS, Krishnan KR, Doraiswamy PM, Rao VP, Nemeroff CB, Boyko OB. Subcortical hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: A comparison between late-age onset and early onset elderly depressed subjects. Neurobiology of Aging 1991; 26: 245–247
   Google Scholar
• Folstein S, Abbott MH, Chase GA, Jensen BA, Folstein MF. The association of affective disorder with Huntington's disease in a case series and in families. Psychological Medicine 1983; 13: 537–542
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Geda YE, Smith GE, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Tangalos EG, Ivnik RJ, et al. De novo genesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). International Psychogeriatrics 2004; 16: 51–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green RC, Cupples LA, Kurz A, Auerbach S, Go R, Sadovnick D, et al. Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: The MIRAGE study. Arch Neurol 2003; 60: 753–759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood DG, Barker WW, Ownby RL, Dura R. Association between premorbid history of depression and current depression in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 1999; 12: 72–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm AF. History of depression as a risk factor for dementia: An updated review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 35: 776–781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiosses DN, Klimstra S, Murphy C, Alexopoulos GS. Executive dysfunction and disability in elderly patients with major depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2001; 9: 269–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatka LA, Louis ED, Schiffer RB. Psychiatric features in diffuse Lewy body disease: A clinicopathologic study using Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease comparison groups. Neurology 1996; 47: 1148–1152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig HG, George LK, Bercedis PL, Pieper CF. Depression in the medically ill hospitalized older adults: Prevalence, characteristics and course of symptoms according to six diagnostic schemes. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 154: 1376–1383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan KR, Taylor WD, McQuoid DR, MacFall JR, Payne ME, Provenzale JM, et al. Clinical characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging-defined subcortical ischemic depression. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55: 390–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan KRR, Goli Z, Ellinwood EH, Franz RD, Blazer DG, Nemeroff CB. Leukoencephalopathy in patients diagnosed as major depressive. Biological Psychiatry 1988; 23: 519–522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan KRR, Hays JC, Blazer DG. MRI-defined vascular depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 154: 497–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan KRR, Hays JC, Tupler LA, George LK, Blazer DG. Clinical and phenomenological comparisons of late-onset and early-onset depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152: 785–788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Bilker W, Jin Z, Udupa J, Gottleib G. Age of onset of depression and quantitative neuroanatomic measures: Absence of specific correlates. Psychiatry Research 1999; 91: 101–110
   Google Scholar
• Lee JS, Potter GG, Wagner HR, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Steffens DC. Persistent mild cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. International Psychogeriatrics 2007; 19: 125–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez OL, Becker JT, Sweet RA, Klunk W, Kaufer DI, Saxton J, et al. Psychiatric symptoms vary with the severity of dementia in probable Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience 2003; 15: 346–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyketsos CG, DelCampo L, Steinberg M, Miles Q, Steele CD, Munro C, et al. Treating depression in Alzheimer disease: Efficacy and safety of sertraline therapy, and the benefits of depression reduction: The DIADS. Archives of General Psychiatry 2003; 60: 737–746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyketsos CG, Lopez O, Jones B, Fitzpatrick AL, Breitner J, DeKosky S. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: Results from the cardiovascular health study. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288: 1475–1483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyketsos CG, Steele C, Baker L, Galik E, Kopunek S, Steinberg M, et al. Major and minor depression in Alzheimer's disease: Prevalence and impact. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience 1997; 9: 556–561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyketsos CG, Tune LE, Pearlson G, Steele C. Major depression in Alzheimer's disease: An interaction between gender and family history. Psychosomatics 1996; 37: 380–389
   Google Scholar
• Lyness JM, Kim J, Tang W, Tu X, Conwell Y, King DA, et al. The clinical significance of subsyndromal depression in older primary care patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2007; 15: 214–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyness SA, Eaton EM, Schneider LS. Cognitive performance in older and middle-aged depressed outpatients and controls. Journal of Gerontology 1994; 49: 129–136
   Google Scholar
• MacQueen GM, Campbell S, McEwen BS, Macdonald K, Amano S, Joffe RT, et al. Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003; 100: 1387–1392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin BK, Frangakis CE, Rosenberg PB, Mintzer JE, Katz IR, Porsteinsson AP, et al. Design of Depression in Alzheimer's Disease Study-2. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2006; 14: 920–930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL 1989
   Google Scholar
• Migliorelli R, Teson A, Sabe L, Petracchi M, Leiguarda R, Starkstein S. Prevalence and correlates of dysthymia and major depression among patients with Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152: 37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modrego PJ, Ferrandez J. Depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment increases the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type: A prospective cohort study. Archives of Neurology 2004; 61: 1290–1293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebes RD, Butters MA, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Zmuda MD, Houck PR, et al. Decreased working memory and processing speed mediate cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. Psychol Med 2000; 30: 679–691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebes RD, Pollock BG, Houck PR, Butters MA, Mulsant BH, Zmuda MD, et al. Persistence of cognitive impairment in geriatric patients following antidepressant treatment: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial with nortriptyline and paroxetine. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2003; 37: 99–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olin JT, Schneider LS, Katz IR, Meyers BS, Alexopoulos GS, Breitner JC, et al. Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2002; 10: 125–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papka M, Rubio A, Schiffer RB. A review of Lewy body disease, an emerging concept of cortical dementia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1998; 10: 267–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JH, Lee SB, Lee TJ, Lee DY, Jhoo JH, Youn JC, et al. Depression in vascular dementia is quantitatively and qualitatively different from depression in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2007; 23: 67–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology 1999; 56: 303–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp MA, Dahlman K, Sano M, Grossman HT, Haroutunian V, Gorman JM. Neuropsychological differences between late-onset and recurrent geriatric major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 162: 691–698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salloway S, Malloy P, Kohn R, Gillard E, Duffy J, Rogg J, et al. MRI and neuropsychological differences in early-and late-life-onset geriatric depression. Neurology 1996; 46: 1567–1574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocrinology Review 1986; 7: 284–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield P. Alzheimer's disease and brain reserve. Australasian Journal on Ageing 1999; 18: 10–14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer I, Tuckwell V, O'Brien J, Ames D. Is late onset depression a prodrome to dementia?. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2002; 17: 997–1005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheline YI, Barch DM, Garcia K, Gersing K, Pieper C, Welsh-Bohmer K, et al. Cognitive function in late life depression: Relationships to depression severity, cerebrovascular risk factors and processing speed. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60: 58–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheline YI, Gado MH, Kraemer HC. Untreated depression and hippocampal volume loss. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1516–1518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheline YI, Sanghavi M, Mintun MA, Gado MH. Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression. Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 19: 5034–5043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speck CE, Kukull WA, Brenner DE, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, et al. History of depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiology 1995; 6: 366–369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffens DC, Krishnan KRR. Structural neuroimaging and mood disorders: Recent findings, implications for classification, and future directions. Biological Psychiatry 1998; 43: 705–712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffens DC, Otey E, Alexopoulos GS, Butters MA, Cuthbert B, Ganguli M, et al. Perspectives on depression, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006; 63: 130–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffens DC, Plassman BL, Helms MJ, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Saunders AM, Breitner JC. A twin study of late-onset depression and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Biological Psychiatry 1997; 41: 851–856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffens DC, Potter GG, McQuoid DR, MacFall JR, Payne ME, Burke JR, et al. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging vascular changes, apolipoprotein E genotype, and development of dementia in the neurocognitive outcomes of depression in the elderly study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2007; 15: 839–849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultzer DL, Levin HS, Mahler ME, High WM, Cummings JL. A comparison of psychiatric symptoms in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1806–1812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Cummings JL. The occurrence of depression in Parkinson's disease. A community-based study. Archives of Neurology 1996; 53: 175–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser PJ, Verhey FR, Ponds RW, Kester A, Jolles J. Distinction between preclinical Alzheimer's disease and depression. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2000; 48: 479–484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub D, Stern MB. Psychiatric complications in Parkinson disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2005; 13: 844–851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubenko GS, Zubenko WN, McPherson S, Spoor E, Marin DB, Farlow MR, et al. A collaborative study of the emergence and clinical features of the major depressive syndrome of Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 857–866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar