807
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

A heuristic model linking yoga philosophy and self-reflection to examine underlying mechanisms of add-on yoga treatment in schizophrenia

&
Pages 265-272 | Received 12 Apr 2016, Accepted 19 May 2016, Published online: 16 Jun 2016

References

  • Beck, A.T., Baruch, E., Balter, J.M., Steer, R.A., & Warman, D.M. (2004). A new instrument for measuring insight: The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Schizophrenia Research, 68, 319–329. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00189-0.
  • Bedford, N.J., Surguladze, S., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M.J., & David, A.S. (2012). Self-evaluation in schizophrenia: An fMRI study with implications for the understanding of insight. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 106. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-106.
  • Behere, R.V., Arasappa, R., Jagannathan, A., Varambally, S., Venkatasubramanian, G., Thirthalli, J…. Gangadhar B.N (2011). Effect of yoga therapy on facial emotion recognition deficits, symptoms and functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123, 147–153. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01605.x.
  • Bhatia, T., Agarwal, A., Shah, G., Wood, J., Richard, J., Gur, R.E., …. Deshpande, S.N. (2012). Adjunctive cognitive remediation for schizophrenia using yoga: An open, non-randomized trial. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 24, 91–100. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00587.x.
  • Birdee, G.S., Sohl, S.J., & Wallston, K. (2016). Development and psychometric properties of the Yoga Self-Efficacy Scale (YSES). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 3. doi:10.1017/S0033291703008997.
  • Blackwood, N.J., Bentall, R.P., Ffytche, D.H., Simmons, A., Murray, R.M., & Howard, R.J. (2004). Persecutory delusions and the determination of self-relevance: An fMRI investigation. Psychological Medicine, 34, 591–596.
  • Blakemore, S.-J. (2003). Disorders of self-monitoring and the symptoms of schizophrenia. In T. Kircher & A. David (Eds.), The Self in Neuroscience and Psychiatry (pp. 407–424). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bonura, K.B., & Tenenbaum, G. (2014). Effects of yoga on psychological health in older adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11, 1334–1341. doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0365.
  • Campbell, J., & Zimmer, H.R. (1956). Philosophies of India. New York: Meridian Books.
  • David, A.S. (1990). Insight and psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 798–808. doi:10.1192/bjp.156.6.798.
  • De Vignemont, F., & Fourneret, P. (2004). The sense of agency: A philosophical and empirical review of the “Who” system. Consciousness and Cognition, 13, 1–19. doi:10.1016/S1053-8100(03)00022-9.
  • Duraiswamy, G., Thirthalli, J., Nagendra, H.R., & Gangadhar, B.N. (2007). Yoga therapy as an add-on treatment in the management of patients with schizophrenia-a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116, 226–232. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01032.x.
  • Ehrsson, H.H., Spence, C., & Passingham, R.E. (2004). That’s my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305, 875–877. doi:10.1126/science.1097011.
  • Freeman, D., Garety, P.A., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P.E., & Dunn, G. (2004). Why do people with delusions fail to choose more realistic explanations for their experiences?: An empirical investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 671–680. American Psychological Association.
  • Frith, C.D. (2015). The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia (Classic Edition). East Sussex: Psychology Press.
  • Gard, T., Noggle, J.J., Park, C.L., Vago, D.R., & Wilson, A. (2014). Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 770. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770.
  • Goldstein, E.G. (1995). Ego psychology and social work practice. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Holt, D.J., Cassidy, B.S., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Lee, S.M., Coombs, G., Goff, D.C., … Moran, J.M., et al. (2011). An anterior-to-posterior shift in midline cortical activity in schizophrenia during self-reflection. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 415–423. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.003.
  • Ikai, S., Uchida, H., Suzuki, T., Tsunoda, K., Mimura, M., & Fujii, Y. (2013). Effects of yoga therapy on postural stability in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 1744–1750. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.017.
  • Jablensky, A. (1995). Schizophrenia: Recent epidemiologic issues. Epidemiologic Reviews, 17, 10–20.
  • Jayaram, N., Varambally, S., Behere, R.V., Venkatasubramanian, G., Arasappa, R., Christopher, R., & Gangadhar, B.N. (2013). Effect of yoga therapy on plasma oxytocin and facial emotion recognition deficits in patients of schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, S409–S413. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.116318.
  • Kraepelin, E. Psychiatrie. 4th ed. Leipzig, Germany: J.A. Barth, 1896
  • Manjunath, R.B., Varambally, S., Thirthalli, J., Basavaraddi, I.V., & Gangadhar, B.N. (2013). Efficacy of yoga as an add-on treatment for in-patients with functional psychotic disorder. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, S374–S378. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.116314.
  • Menon, S. (2009). The rain clouds of mind-modifications and the shower of transcendence: Yoga and Samadhi in Patanjali Yoga Sutra. Yoga and parapsychology: Empirical research and theoretical essays, Ed. Ramakrishna Rao, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 169–199.
  • Menon, S. (2014). Brain, self and consciousness: Explaining the conspiracy of experience. New Delhi: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Metzinger, T. (2009). The ego tunnel: The science of the mind and the myth of the self. New York: Basic Books.
  • Murphy, E.R., Brent, B.K., Benton, M., Pruitt, P., Diwadkar, V., Rajarethinam, R.P., & Keshavan, M.S. (2010). Differential processing of metacognitive evaluation and the neural circuitry of the self and others in schizophrenia: A pilot study. Schizophrenia Research, 116, 252–258. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.11.009.
  • Nagendra, H.R., Telles, S., & Naveen, K.V. (2000). An integrated approach of Yoga therapy for the management of schizophrenia. Final Report submitted to Dept. of ISM and H, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India New Delhi.
  • Northoff, G., & Bermpohl, F. (2004). Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.004.
  • Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain-a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. NeuroImage, 31, 440–457.
  • Owen M.J, Sawa A, Mortensen P.B. (2016). Schizophrenia. Lancet. pii: S0140-6736(15)01121-6.
  • Pauly, K.D., Kircher, T.T.J., Schneider, F., & Habel, U. (2014). Me, myself and I: Temporal dysfunctions during self-evaluation in patients with schizophrenia. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9, 1779–1788. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0873.
  • Prabhavananda, S. (Trans). (1983). Patanjali Yoga sutras, Sri Ramkrishna Math, Chennai.
  • Rao, K.R. (2010). Yoga and parapsychology: Empirical research and theoretical essays. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
  • S.S. Suryanarayana Sastri, Ed. and Tr. (1973) The Sankhya Karika of Isvara Krsna, 2nd ed. rev. rpt., University of Madras, Madras
  • Sass, L.A., & Parnas, J. (2003). Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 427–444. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007017.
  • Shad, M.U., Brent, B.K., & Keshavan, M.S. (2011). Neurobiology of self-awareness deficits in schizophrenia: A hypothetical model. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 4, 248–254. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2011.09.002.
  • Spalletta, G., Piras, F., Piras, F., Caltagirone, C., & Orfei, M.D. (2014). The structural neuroanatomy of metacognitive insight in schizophrenia and its psychopathological and neuropsychological correlates. Human Brain Mapping, 35, 4729–4740. doi:10.1002/hbm.22507.s.
  • Van der Meer, L., Costafreda, S., Aleman, A., & David, A.S. (2010). Self-reflection and the brain: A theoretical review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies with implications for schizophrenia. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34, 935–946.
  • Van der Meer, L., de Vos, A.E., Stiekema, A.P.M., Pijnenborg, G.H.M., van Tol, M.-J., Nolen, W.A., David, A.S., Aleman, A.. (2013). Insight in schizophrenia: Involvement of self-reflection networks? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39, 1288–1295. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs122.
  • Varambally, S., Gangadhar, B.N., Thirthalli, J., Jagannathan, A., Kumar, S., Venkatasubramanian, G., … Nagendra, H.R.. (2012). Therapeutic efficacy of add-on yogasana intervention in stabilized outpatient schizophrenia: Randomized controlled comparison with exercise and waitlist. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 227–232. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.102414.
  • Varambally, S., Vidyendaran, S., Sajjanar, M., Thirthalli, J., Hamza, A., Nagendra, H.R., & Gangadhar, B.N. (2013). Yoga-based intervention for caregivers of outpatients with psychosis: A randomized controlled pilot study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 141–145. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2012.09.017
  • Visceglia, E., & Lewis, S. (2011). Yoga therapy as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia: A randomized, controlled pilot study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 17, 601–607. doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0075.
  • World Health Organization (2001). The World Health Report 2001: Mental health: New understanding, new hope. World Health Organization.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.