1,222
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Suicide in the pediatric population: screening, risk assessment and treatment

, &
Pages 254-264 | Received 02 Aug 2019, Accepted 12 Nov 2019, Published online: 10 Jan 2020

References

  • Arroll, B., Goodyear-Smith, F., Crengle, S., Gunn, J., Kerse, N., Fishman, T., … Hatcher, S. (2010). Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population. The Annals of Family Medicine, 8(4), 348–353. doi:10.1370/afm.1139
  • Asarnow, J., Armm, J., & McGrath, E. (2002). Care linkage manual: A component of the family focused intervention for suicide prevention (FISP). Los Angeles, CA: UCLA School of Medicine.
  • Asarnow, J. R., Baraff, L. J., Berk, M., Grob, C. S., Devich-Navarro, M., Suddath, R., … Tang, L. (2011). An emergency department intervention for linking pediatric suicidal patients to follow-up mental health treatment. Psychiatric Services, 62(11), 1303–1309. doi:10.1176/ps.62.11.pss6211_1303
  • Asarnow, J. R., Hughes, J. L., Babeva, K. N., & Sugar, C. A. (2017). Cognitive-behavioral family treatment for suicide attempt prevention: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 506–514. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.015
  • Ballard, E. D., Bosk, A., Snyder, D., Pao, M., Bridge, J. A., Wharff, E. A., … Horowitz, L. (2012). Patients’ opinions about suicide screening in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatric Emergency Care, 28(1), 34–38. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e31823f2315
  • Ballard, E. D., Cwik, M., Van Eck, K., Goldstein, M., Alfes, C., Wilson, M. E., … Wilcox, H. C. (2017). Identification of at-risk youth by suicide screening in a pediatric emergency department. Prevention Science, 18(2), 174–182. doi:10.1007/s11121-016-0717-5
  • Belsher, B. E., Smolenski, D. J., Pruitt, L. D., Bush, N. E., Beech, E. H., Workman, D. E., … Skopp, N. A. (2019). Prediction models for suicide attempts and deaths: A systematic review and simulation. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(6), 642. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0174
  • Bennett, I. M. (2018). Addressing suicide risk in primary care: A next step for behavioral health integration. Families, Systems, & Health, 36(3), 402–403. doi:10.1037/fsh0000365
  • Betz, M. E., Sullivan, A. F., Manton, A. P., Espinola, J. A., Miller, I., Camargo, C. A., & Boudreaux, E. D. (2013). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of emergency department providers in the care of suicidal patients. Depression and Anxiety, 30(10), 1005–1012. doi:10.1002/da.22071
  • Brent, D. A., Emslie, G. J., Clarke, G. N., Asarnow, J., Spirito, A., Ritz, L., … Keller, M. B. (2009). Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(4), 418–426. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08070976
  • Brent, D. A., Greenhill, L. L., Compton, S., Emslie, G., Wells, K., Walkup, J. T., … Turner, J. B. (2009). The treatment of adolescent suicide attempters study (TASA): Predictors of suicidal events in an open treatment trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(10), 987–996. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbe4
  • Bridge, J. A., Horowitz, L. M., Fontanella, C. A., Sheftall, A. H., Greenhouse, J., Kelleher, K. J., & Campo, J. V. (2018). Age-related racial disparity in suicide rates among US youths from 2001 through 2015. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(7), 697–699. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0399
  • Britton, P. C., Patrick, H., Wenzel, A., & Williams, G. C. (2011). Integrating motivational interviewing and self-determination theory with cognitive behavioral therapy to prevent suicide. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(1), 16. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.06.004
  • Carter, G., Milner, A., McGill, K., Pirkis, J., Kapur, N., & Spittal, M. J. (2017). Predicting suicidal behaviours using clinical instruments: Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive predictive values for risk scales. British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(6), 387–395. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.182717
  • Centers for Disease Control. (2018). More than a mental health problem. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/suicide/index.html
  • Conway, P. M., Erlangsen, A., Teasdale, T. W., Jakobsen, I. S., & Larsen, K. J. (2016). Predictive validity of the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale for short-term suicidal behavior: A Danish study of adolescents at a high risk of suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 21(3), 1–15. doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1222318
  • Cwik, M., Tingey, L., Lee, A., Suttle, R., Lake, K., Walkup, J., & Barlow, A. (2016). Development and piloting of a brief intervention for suicidal American Indian adolescents. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 23(1), 105–124. doi:10.5820/aian.2301.2016.105
  • Czyz, E. K., King, C. A., & Biermann, B. J. (2019). Motivational interviewing-enhanced safety planning for adolescents at high suicide risk: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(2), 250–262. doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1496442
  • DeCou, C. R., Comtois, K. A., & Landes, S. J. (2019). Dialectical behavior therapy is effective for the treatment of suicidal behavior: A meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 50(1), 60–72. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.03.009
  • Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., Arrigan, M., & Aspel, J. W. (1997). Structured disposition planning for adolescent suicide attempters in a general hospital: Preliminary findings on short-term outcome. Archives of Suicide Research, 3(4), 271–282. doi:10.1023/A:1009630718255
  • Dueweke, A. R., Marin, M. S., Sparkman, D. J., & Bridges, A. J. (2018). Inadequacy of the PHQ-2 depression screener for identifying suicidal primary care patients. Families, Systems & Health: The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 36(3), 281–288. doi:10.1037/fsh0000350
  • Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., … Nock, M. K. (2017). Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 187–232. doi:10.1037/bul0000084
  • Giddens, J. M., Sheehan, K. H., & Sheehan, D. V. (2014). The columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C–SSRS): Has the “gold standard” become a liability? Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(9–10), 66–80.
  • Gipson, P. Y., Agarwala, P., Opperman, K. J., Horwitz, A., & King, C. A. (2015). Columbia-suicide severity rating scale: Predictive validity with adolescent psychiatric emergency patients. Pediatric Emergency Care, 31(2), 88–94. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000000225
  • Gregory, J. M., Sukhera, J., & Taylor-Gates, M. (2017). Integrating smartphone technology at the time of discharge from a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatry unit. Journal de L’Académie Canadienne de Psychiatrie de L’enfant et de L’adolescent [Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry], 26(1), 45–50.
  • Grist, R., Porter, J., & Stallard, P. (2017). Mental health mobile apps for preadolescents and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5), e176. doi:10.2196/jmir.7332
  • Haroz, E. E., Walsh, C. G., Goklish, N., Cwik, M., O'Keefe, V., & Barlow, A. (in press). Reaching those at highest suicide risk using machine learning approaches with Native American communities. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior.
  • Heise, B., York, A., & Thatcher, B. (2016). Child suicide screening methods: Are we asking the right questions? A review of the literature and recommendations for practice. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(6), 410–417. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.01.003
  • Horowitz, L. M., Bridge, J. A., Teach, S. J., Ballard, E., Klima, J., Rosenstein, D. L., … Pao, M. (2012). Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ): A brief instrument for the pediatric emergency department. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166(12), 1170–1176. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1276
  • Horowitz, L. M., Snyder, D., Ludi, E., Rosenstein, D. L., Kohn-Godbout, J., Lee, L., … Pao, M. (2013). Ask Suicide-Screening Questions to everyone in medical settings: The asQ’em quality improvement project. Psychosomatics, 54(3), 239–247. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2013.01.002
  • Horowitz, L., Ballard, E., Teach, S. J., Bosk, A., Rosenstein, D. L., Joshi, P., … Pao, M. (2010). Feasibility of screening patients with nonpsychiatric complaints for suicide risk in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatric Emergency Care, 26(11), 787–792. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181fa8568
  • Horwitz, A. G., Czyz, E. K., & King, C. A. (2015). Predicting future suicide attempts among adolescent and emerging adult psychiatric emergency patients. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(5), 751–761. doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.910789
  • Hoy, J., Natarajan, A., & Petra, M. M. (2016). Motivational interviewing and the transtheoretical model of change: Under-explored resources for suicide intervention. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(5), 559–567. doi:10.1007/s10597-016-9997-2
  • Hughes, J. L., & Asarnow, J. R. (2013). Enhanced mental health interventions in the emergency department: Suicide and suicide attempt prevention. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 14(1), 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.cpem.2013.01.002
  • Interian, A., Chesin, M., Kline, A., Miller, R., St. Hill, L., Latorre, M., … Stanley, B. (2018). Use of the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS) to classify suicidal behaviors. Archives of Suicide Research, 22(2), 278–294. doi:10.1080/13811118.2017.1334610
  • Jobes, D. A. (2016). Managing suicidal risk: A collaborative approach (2nd ed., p. 270). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Johnson, J. G., Harris, E. S., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). The patient health questionnaire for adolescents: Validation of an instrument for the assessment of mental disorders among adolescent primary care patients. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30(3), 196–204. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00333-0
  • Kennard, B. D., Goldstein, T., Foxwell, A. A., McMakin, D. L., Wolfe, K., Biernesser, C., … Brent, D. (2018). As safe as possible (ASAP): A brief app-supported inpatient intervention to prevent postdischarge suicidal behavior in hospitalized, suicidal adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(9), 864–872. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101151
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  • Linehan, M. M., & Wilks, C. R. (2015). The course and evolution of dialectical behavior therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 69(2), 97–110. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.97
  • Lotito, M., & Cook, E. (2015). A review of suicide risk assessment instruments and approaches. Mental Health Clinician, 5(5), 216–223. doi:10.9740/mhc.2015.09.216
  • MacPherson, H. A., Cheavens, J. S., & Fristad, M. A. (2013). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents: Theory, treatment adaptations, and empirical outcomes. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16(1), 59–80. doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0126-7
  • Matarazzo, B. B., Brenner, L. A., & Reger, M. A. (2019). Positive predictive values and potential success of suicide prediction models. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(8), 869. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1519
  • Mehlum, L., Tørmoen, A. J., Ramberg, M., Haga, E., Diep, L. M., Laberg, S., … Grøholt, B. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(10), 1082–1091. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.003
  • Melvin, G. A., Gresham, D., Beaton, S., Coles, J., Tonge, B. J., Gordon, M. S., & Stanley, B. (2019). Evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of an Australian safety planning smartphone application: A pilot study within a tertiary mental health service. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 49(3), 846–858. doi:10.1111/sltb.12490
  • Miller, A. L., Rathus, J. H., & Linehan, M. M. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy with suicidal adolescents. New York, NY: New York: Guilford Press.
  • Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2019). Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) toolkit. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-conducted-at-nimh/asq-toolkit-materials/index.shtml
  • Negron, R., Piacentini, J., Graae, F., Davies, M., & Shaffer, D. (1997). Microanalysis of adolescent suicide attempters and ideators during the acute suicidal episode. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(11), 1512–1519. doi:10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66559-X
  • Oordt, M. S., Jobes, D. A., Fonseca, V. P., & Schmidt, S. M. (2009). Training mental health professionals to assess and manage suicidal behavior: Can provider confidence and practice behaviors be altered? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(1), 21–32. doi:10.1521/suli.2009.39.1.21
  • Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., … Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia-suicide severity rating scale: Initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266–1277. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704
  • Reynolds, W. M. (1987). Suicidal ideation questionnaire (SIQ). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Rhodes, A. E., Khan, S., Boyle, M. H., Tonmyr, L., Wekerle, C., Goodman, D., … Manion, I. (2013). Sex differences in suicides among children and youth: The potential impact of help-seeking behaviour. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(5), 274–282. doi:10.1177/070674371305800504
  • Richardson, L. P., Rockhill, C., Russo, J. E., Grossman, D. C., Richards, J., McCarty, C., … Katon, W. (2010). Evaluation of the PHQ-2 as a brief screen for detecting major depression among adolescents. Pediatrics, 125(5), e1097–e1103. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2712
  • Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Piacentini, J., Cantwell, C., Belin, T. R., & Song, J. (2000). The 18-month impact of an emergency room intervention for adolescent female suicide attempters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 1081–1093. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.1081
  • Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Piacentini, J., Van Rossem, R., Graae, F., Cantwell, C., Castro-Blanco, D., … Feldman, J. (1996). Enhancing treatment adherence with a specialized emergency room program for adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(5), 654–663. doi:10.1097/00004583-199605000-00021
  • Ruch, D. A., Sheftall, A. H., Schlagbaum, P., Rausch, J., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Trends in suicide among youth aged 10–19 years in the United States, 1975–2016. JAMA Network Open, 2(5), e193886. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3886
  • Runeson, B., Odeberg, J., Pettersson, A., Edbom, T., Adamsson, I. J., & Waern, M. (2017). Instruments for the assessment of suicide risk: A systematic review evaluating the certainty of the evidence. PLoS one, 12(7), e0180292.
  • Sheftall, A. H., Asti, L., Horowitz, L. M., Felts, A., Fontanella, C. A., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2016). Suicide in elementary school-aged children and early adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(4), e20160436. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0436
  • Simon, R. I. (2006). Suicide risk assessment: Is clinical experience enough? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 34(3), 276–278.
  • Simon, T. R., Swann, A. C., Powell, K. E., Potter, L. B., Kresnow, M-j., & O'Carroll, P. W. (2002). Characteristics of impulsive suicide attempts and attempters. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 49–59. doi:10.1521/suli.32.1.5.49.24212
  • Spirito, A., Boergers, J., Donaldson, D., Bishop, D., & Lewander, W. (2002). An intervention trial to improve adherence to community treatment by adolescents after a suicide attempt. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(4), 435–442. doi:10.1097/00004583-200204000-00016
  • Stanley, B., & Brown, G. K. (2012). Safety planning intervention: A brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(2), 256–264. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.01.001
  • Stanley, B., Brown, G., Brent, D. A., Wells, K., Poling, K., Curry, J., … Hughes, J. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP): Treatment model, feasibility, and acceptability. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(10), 1005–1013. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbfe
  • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2002). Suicide prevention: The public health approach to prevention. Retrieved from https://www.sprc.org/resources-programs/suicide-prevention-public-health-approach
  • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2009). Suicide assessment five-step evaluation and triage (SAFE-T) pocket card. Retrieved from https://www.sprc.org/resources-programs/suicide-assessment-five-step-evaluation-and-triage-safe-t-pocket-card
  • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2012). Revised national strategy for suicide prevention. Retrieved from https://www.sprc.org/resources-programs/revised-national-strategy-suicide-prevention-2012
  • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (2018). CALM: Counseling on access to lethal means. Retrieved from https://www.sprc.org/resources-programs/calm-counseling-access-lethal-means
  • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (n.d). Suicide by Age. Retrieved from http://www.sprc.org/scope/age
  • The Columbia Lighthouse Project. (n.d). The protocol with built-in triage. Retrieved from http://cssrs.columbia.edu/the-columbia-scale-c-ssrs/triage-c-ssrs/
  • Torous, J., & Walker, R. (2019). Leveraging digital health and machine learning toward reducing suicide-from panacea to practical tool. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(10), 999. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1231
  • Walsh, C. G., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2017). Predicting risk of suicide attempts over time through machine learning. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(3), 457–469.
  • Walsh, C. G., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2018). Predicting suicide attempts in adolescents with longitudinal clinical data and machine learning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(12), 1261–1270.
  • Wells, K. B., Tang, L., Carlson, G. A., & Asarnow, J. R. (2012). Treatment of youth depression in primary care under usual practice conditions: Observational findings from youth partners in care. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 22(1), 80–90. doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0074
  • Wilson, N. J. (2017). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Validation for use as a screen for suicide risk in New Zealand prisons and probation settings. The New Zealand Corrections Journal, 5(2).
  • Zero Suicide in Health and behavioral Healthcare. (2019). Retrieved from https://zerosuicide.sprc.org/

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.