Relative effectiveness of augmentation treatments for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

References

• Marcus, R. N., McQuade, R. D., Carson, W. H., Hennicken, D., Fava, M., Simon, J. S., Trivedi, M. H., Thase, M. E., & Berman, R. M. (2008). The efficacy and safety of aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder – A second multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28(2), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e31816774f9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astellas Pharmaceutical Industries. (n.d.). Study to evaluate the effect and safety of quetiapine extended release (XR) (FK949E) in major depressive disorder. ClinicalTrials.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Barbee, J. G., Thompson, T. R., Jamhour, N. J., Stewart, J. W., Conrad, E. J., Reimherr, F. W., Thompson, P. M., & Shelton, R. C. (2011). A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine as an antidepressant augmentation agent in treatment-refractory unipolar depression. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(10), 1405–1412. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05355gre
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., Hefting, N., Lindsten, A., Josiassen, M. K., & Hobart, M. (2019). A randomised, placebo-controlled 24-week study evaluating adjunctive brexpiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 31(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., Pfennig, A., Severus, E., Whybrow, P. C., Angst, J., & Möller, H.-J, Disorders Š behalf of the TF on UD (2013b). World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 1: Update 2013 on the acute and continuation treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry: The Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 14(5), 334–385. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2013.804195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., Dell'Osso, L., Kasper, S., Pitchot, W., Dencker Vansvik, E., Köhler, J., Jørgensen, L., & Montgomery, S. A. (2013a). Extended-release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy and quetiapine XR or lithium as add-on to antidepressants in patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(1), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, P., Nil, R., Souche, A., Montaldi, S., Baettig, D., Lambert, S., Uehlinger, C., Kasas, A., Amey, M., & Jonzier-Perey, M. (1996). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of citalopram with and without lithium in the treatment of therapy-resistant depressive patients: A clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacogenetic investigation. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16(4), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199608000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, R. M., Fava, M., Thase, M. E., Trivedi, M. H., Swanink, R., McQuade, R. D., Carson, W. H., Adson, D., Taylor, L., Hazel, J., & Marcus, R. N. (2009). Aripiprazole Augmentation in Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients with Inadequate Response to Antidepressants. CNS Spectrums, 14(4), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900020216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, R. M., Marcus, R. N., Swanink, R., McQuade, R. D., Carson, W. H., Corey-Lisle, P. K., & Khan, A. (2007). The efficacy and safety of aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(06), 843–853. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v68n0604
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carvalho, A. F., Berk, M., Hyphantis, T. N., & McIntyre, R. S. (2014). The integrative management of treatment-resistant depression: A comprehensive review and perspectives. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(2), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000357500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, A. F., Machado, J. R., & Cavalcante, J. L. (2009). Augmentation strategies for treatment-resistant depression. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32831be9ef
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleare, A., Pariante, C. M., Young, A. H., Anderson, I. M., Christmas, D., Cowen, P. J., Dickens, C., Ferrier, I. N., Geddes, J., Gilbody, S., Haddad, P. M., Katona, C., Lewis, G., Malizia, A., McAllister-Williams, R. H., Ramchandani, P., Scott, J., Taylor, D., & Uher, R, Members of the Consensus Meeting (2015). Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: A revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 29(5), 459–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115581093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(3), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Domany, Y., Bleich-Cohen, M., Tarrasch, R., Meidan, R., Litvak-Lazar, O., Stoppleman, N., Schreiber, S., Bloch, M., Hendler, T., & Sharon, H. (2019). Repeated oral ketamine for out-patient treatment of resistant depression: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 214(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunner, D. L., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Loebel, A., Romano, S. J. (2007). Efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive ziprasidone in treatment-resistant depression: A randomized, open-label, pilot study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(7), 1071–1077. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v68n0714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisendrath, S. J., Gillung, E., Delucchi, K. L., Segal, Z. V., Nelson, J. C., McInnes, L. A., Mathalon, D. H., & Feldman, M. D. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, Y., Yuan, C., Xu, Y., Chen, J., Wu, Z., Cao, L., Yi, Z., Hong, W., Wang, Y., Jiang, K., Cui, X., Calabrese, J. R., & Gao, K., OPERATION Study Team. (2011). A pilot study of the efficacy and safety of paroxetine augmented with risperidone, valproate, buspirone, trazodone, or thyroid hormone in adult Chinese patients with treatment-resistant major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 31(5), 638–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fava, M., Durgam, S., Earley, W., Lu, K., Hayes, R., Laszlovszky, I., & Németh, G. (2018). Efficacy of adjunctive low-dose cariprazine in major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 33(6), 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fekadu, A., Wooderson, S. C., Markopoulo, K., Donaldson, C., Papadopoulos, A., & Cleare, A. J. (2009). What happens to patients with treatment-resistant depression? A systematic review of medium to long term outcome studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 116(1-2), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.10.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Rost, F., Carlyle, J.-A., Mcpherson, S., Thomas, R., Fearon, R. M. P., Goldberg, D., & Taylor, D. (2015). Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry: official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (Wpa)), 14(3), 312–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., & Rubin, D. B. (1996). Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in biostatistics. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 5(4), 339–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/096228029600500402
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girlanda, F., Cipriani, A., Agrimi, E., Appino, M. G., Barichello, A., Beneduce, R., Bighelli, I., Bisoffi, G., Bisogno, A., Bortolaso, P., Boso, M., Calandra, C., Cascone, L., Castellazzi, M., Corbascio, C., Parise, V. F., Gardellin, F., Gennaro, D., Hanife, B., … Barbui, C. (2014). Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: Results and lessons of an underpowered randomised clinical trial. BMC Research Notes, 7, 731. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-731
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., deBeer, H., Jaeschke, R., Rind, D., Meerpohl, J., Dahm, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2011). GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 64(4), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauksson, P., Ingibergsdottir, S., Gunnarsdottir, T., & Jonsdottir, I. H. (2017). Effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment-resistant depression with psychiatric comorbidity: Comparison of individual versus group CBT in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation setting. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(6), 465–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2017.1331263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heresco-Levy, U., Gelfin, G., Bloch, B., Levin, R., Edelman, S., Javitt, D. C., & Kremer, I. (2013). A randomized add-on trial of high-dose D-cycloserine for treatment-resistant depression. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16(3), 501–506. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145712000910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobart, M., Skuban, A., Zhang, P., Augustine, C., Brewer, C., Hefting, N., Sanchez, R., & McQuade, R. D. (2018a). A randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose brexpiprazole 2 mg/d as adjunctive treatment of adults with major depressive disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(4). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.17m12058
   Google Scholar
• Hobart, M., Skuban, A., Zhang, P., Josiassen, M. K., Hefting, N., Augustine, C., Brewer, C., Sanchez, R., & McQuade, R. D. (2018b). Efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed brexpiprazole for the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder: A randomized, active-referenced, placebo-controlled study. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 34(4), 633–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2018.1430220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain, M. I., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, N., Khoso, A. B., Rahman, R. R., Hamirani, M. M., Hodsoll, J., Qurashi, I., Deakin, J. F. W., & Young, A. H. (2017). Minocycline as an adjunct for treatment-resistant depressive symptoms: A pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 31(9), 1166–1175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117724352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain, M. I., Strawbridge, R., Carter, B., Jones, B. D. M., Young, A., & Carvalho, A. F. (2019). Efficacy and acceptability of adjunctive psychological and pharmacological interventions for treatment-resistant depression: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9(5), e028538. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., Mulrow, C., Catalá-López, F., Gøtzsche, P. C., Dickersin, K., Boutron, I., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2015). The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: Checklist and explanations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(11), 777–784. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ionescu, D. F., Bentley, K. H., Eikermann, M., Taylor, N., Akeju, O., Swee, M. B., Pavone, K. J., Petrie, S. R., Dording, C., Mischoulon, D., Alpert, J. E., Brown, E. N., Baer, L., Nock, M. K., Fava, M., & Cusin, C. (2019). Repeat-dose ketamine augmentation for treatment-resistant depression with chronic suicidal ideation: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, K. M., Powell, L. C., Anderson, I. M., Szabo, S., & Cline, S. (2019). The burden of treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review of the economic and quality of life literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 242, 195–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamijima, K., Kimura, M., Kuwahara, K., Kitayama, Y., & Tadori, Y. (2018). Randomized, double-blind comparison of aripiprazole/sertraline combination and placebo/sertraline combination in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 72(8), 591–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes, M., Vandoolaeghe, E., & Desnyder, R. (1996). Efficacy of treatment with trazodone in combination with pindolol or fluoxetine in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 41(3), 201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahase, E. (2019). Esketamine is approved in Europe for treating resistant major depressive disorder. BMJ, 367, l7069. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l7069
   Google Scholar
• McAllister-Williams, R. H., Anderson, I. M., Finkelmeyer, A., Gallagher, P., Grunze, H., Haddad, P. M., Hughes, T., Lloyd, A. J., Mamasoula, C., McColl, E., Pearce, S., Siddiqi, N., Sinha, B. N. P., Steen, N., Wainwright, J., Winter, F. H., Ferrier, I. N., Watson, S., & Team, A. S., ADD Study Team (2016). Antidepressant augmentation with metyrapone for treatment-resistant depression (the ADD study): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 3(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00436-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller, H.-J., Demyttenaere, K., Olausson, B., Szamosi, J., Wilson, E., Hosford, D., Dunbar, G., Tummala, R., & Eriksson, H. (2015). Two Phase III randomised double-blind studies of fixed-dose TC-5214 (dexmecamylamine) adjunct to ongoing antidepressant therapy in patients with major depressive disorder and an inadequate response to prior antidepressant therapy. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry: The Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 16(7), 483–501. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2014.989261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nierenberg, A. A., Fava, M., Trivedi, M. H., Wisniewski, S. R., Thase, M. E., McGrath, P. J., Alpert, J. E., Warden, D., Luther, J. F., Niederehe, G., Lebowitz, B., Shores-Wilson, K., & Rush, A. J., STAR*D Study Team. (2006). A comparison of lithium and T(3) augmentation following two failed medication treatments for depression: A STAR*D report. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(9), 1519–1530. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nierenberg, A., Papakostas, G., Petersen, T., Montoya, H., Worthington, J., Tedlow, J., Alpert, J., & Fava, M. (2003). Lithium augmentation of nortriptyline for subjects resistant to multiple antidepressants. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 23(1), 92–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200302000-00013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki, N., Otsubo, T., Kato, M., Higuchi, T., Ono, H., & Kamijima, K., ADMIRE Study Group. (2015). Efficacy of aripiprazole augmentation in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder: A subgroup analysis and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression item analyses of the Aripiprazole Depression Multicenter Efficacy study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 69(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patkar, A. A., Masand, P. S., Pae, C.-U., Peindl, K., Hooper-Wood, C., Mannelli, P., & Ciccone, P. (2006). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation with an extended release formulation of methylphenidate in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26(6), 653–656. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000246212.03530.fd
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer M. (n.d.). rjags: Bayesian graphical models using MCMC, 2013. R package version, 3–10. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package = rjags
   Google Scholar
• Sanacora, G., Zarate, C. A., Krystal, J. H., & Manji, H. K. (2008). Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 7(5), 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, M. A., Rocha, F. L., & Hara, C. (2008). Efficacy and safety of antidepressant augmentation with lamotrigine in patients with treatment-resistant depression: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 10(3), 187–190. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v10n0302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schindler, F., & Anghelescu, I. G. (2007). Lithium versus lamotrigine augmentation in treatment resistant unipolar depression: A randomized, open-label study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22, 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e328014823d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelton, R. C., Tollefson, G. D., Tohen, M., Stahl, S., Gannon, K. S., Jacobs, T. G., Buras, W. R., Bymaster, F. P., Zhang, W., Spencer, K. A., Feldman, P. D., & Meltzer, H. Y. (2001). A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(1), 131–134. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strawbridge, R., Carter, B., Marwood, L., Bandelow, B., Tsapekos, D., Nikolova, V. L., Taylor, R., Mantingh, T., Angel, V., de Patrick, F., Cleare, A. J., & Young, A. H. (2019). Augmentation therapies for treatment-resistant depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 214(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strawbridge, R., Jaeckle, T., & Cleare, A. J. (2020). What do we know about long-term treatment outcomes for severe depressive disorders? BJPsych Open, 6(2), e28. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.10
   Google Scholar
• Su, T.-P., Chen, M.-H., Li, C.-T., Lin, W.-C., Hong, C.-J., Gueorguieva, R., Tu, P.-C., Bai, Y.-M., Cheng, C.-M., & Krystal, J. H. (2017). Dose-related effects of adjunctive ketamine in Taiwanese patients with treatment-resistant depression. Neuropsychopharmacology: official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(13), 2482–2492. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase, M. E., Youakim, J. M., Skuban, A., Hobart, M., Augustine, C., Zhang, P., McQuade, R. D., Carson, W. H., Nyilas, M., Sanchez, R., & Eriksson, H. (2015a). Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Brexpiprazole 2 mg in Major Depressive Disorder: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients With Inadequate Response to Antidepressants. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(9), 1224–1231. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase, M. E., Youakim, J. M., Skuban, A., Hobart, M., Zhang, P., McQuade, R. D., Nyilas, M., Carson, W. H., Sanchez, R., & Eriksson, H. (2015b). Adjunctive brexpiprazole 1 and 3 mg for patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(9), 1232–1240. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tondo, L., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2009). Long-term lithium treatment in the prevention of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder patients. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 18(3), 179–183. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00000439
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torjesen, I. (2019). Ketamine could be first of new generation of rapid acting antidepressants, say experts. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 366, l4714. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Valkenhoef, G., Dias, S., Ades, A. E., & Welton, N. J. (2016a). Automated generation of node-splitting models for assessment of inconsistency in network meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods, 7(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Valkenhoef, G. & Kuiper, J. (2016). gemtc: Network meta-analysis using Bayesian methods. R package version 0.8-2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gemtc
   Google Scholar
• van Valkenhoef, G., Lu, G., de Brock, B., Hillege, H., Ades, A. E., & Welton, N. J. (2012). Automating network meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 3(4), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura, R., Kishi, T., Hori, H., Ikenouchi-Sugita, A., Katsuki, A., Umene-Nakano, W., Iwata, N., & Nakamura, J. (2012). Comparison of the efficacy between paroxetine and sertraline augmented with aripiprazole in patients with refractory major depressive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 39(2), 355–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, X., Ravindran, A. V., Qin, B., Del Giovane, C., Li, Q., Bauer, M., Liu, Y., Fang, Y., da Silva, T., Zhang, Y., Fang, L., Wang, X., & Xie, P. (2015). Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of augmentation agents in treatment-resistant depression: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(4), E487–98. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14r09204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar