References
- Hsia E, Tian M, Gil D. Reduction in ultraviolet B light-induced erythema by oxymetazoline and brimonidine is mediated by different α-adrenoceptors. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27:763–768.
- Drake L. Rosacea review. Barrington (IL): National Rosacea Society; 2010.
- Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:584–587.
- Patel NU, Shukla S, Zaki J, et al. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream for facial erythema associated with rosacea. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;10:1049–1054.
- Del Rosso JQ. Management of facial erythema of rosacea: what is the role of topical a-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69:S44–S56.
- Del Rosso JQ. Advances in understanding and managing rosacea: part 1: connecting the dots between pathophysiological mechanisms and common clinical features of rosacea with emphasis on vascular changes and facial erythema. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5:16–25.
- Fowler J, Jr, Jackson M, Moore A, et al. Efficacy and safety of once daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0.5% for the treatment of moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled pivotal studies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12:650–656.
- Shanler SD, Ondo AL. Successful treatment of the erythema and flushing of rosacea using a topically applied selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, oxymetazoline. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:1369–1371.
- Cribier B. Rosacea under the microscope: characteristic histological findings. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:1336–1343.
- Del Rosso JQ. Topical a-agonist therapy for persistent facial erythema of rosacea and the addition of oxymetazoline to the treatment armamentarium: where are we now? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10:28–32.
- Jackson JM, Knuckles M, Minni J, et al. The role of brimonidine tartrate gel in the treatment of rosacea. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:529–538.
- Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC) [Internet]. Mirvaso 3 mg/g gel. Uxbridge (UK): Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC); 2014. [cited 2019 Jul 8]. Available from: http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/28682/SPC/Mirvaso+3mg+g+Gel/#PHARMACOLOGICAL_PROPS
- Brimonidine gel (Mirvaso) for Rosacea. Med Lett. 2013;55:82–83.
- Stein-Gold L, Kircik LH, Draelos ZD, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for treatment of facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from two phase 3, pivotal trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017.
- Moore A, Kempers S, Murakawa G, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0.5 for the treatment of moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of a 1-year open-label study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13:56–61.
- Layton A, Schaller M, Homey B, et al. Brimonidine gel 0.33% rapidly improves patient-reported outcomes by controlling facial erythema of rosacea: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:2405–2410.
- Fratelli M, De Blasi A. Agonist-induced alpha 1-adrenergic receptor changes. FEBS Lett. 1987;212:149–153.
- Corboz MR, Rivelli MA, Mingo GG, et al. Mechanism of decongestant activity of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2008;21:449–454.
- Corboz MR, Mutter JC, Rivelli MA, et al. alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists as nasal decongestants. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20:149–156.
- Abelson MB. Vasoconstrictors: myths and realities. Rev Ophthalmol. 2012. Available from: www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/vasoconstrictors-myths-and-realities
- Kircik LH, DuBois J, Draelos ZD, et al. Gurpreet pivotal trial of the efficacy and safety of oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for the treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from the first REVEAL trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;1.
- Rhofade [package insert]. Irvine (CA): Allergan; 2017. Available from: https://www.allergan.com/assets/pdf/rhofade_pi.pdf
- Baumann L, Goldberg DJ, Stein-Gold L, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for the treatment of facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from the second of 2 pivotal trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76:AB115.
- Kuang AW, DuBois J, Attar M. clinical pharmacokinetics of oxymetazoline cream following topical facial administration for the treatment of erythema associated with rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:213–220.
- Draelos ZD, Gold MH, Weiss RA, et al. Efficacy and safety of oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from the 52-week open label REVEAL trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78:1156–1163.
- Allergan. A long-term safety and efficacy study AGN-19920 in patients with persistent erythema associated with rosacea – full text view – ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]; [cited 2017 Jun 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02095158
- Mirvaso [package insert]. Fort Worth (TX): Galderma Laboratories; 2016. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/204708s005lbl.pdf
- Zeicher JA. New concepts in treating persistent facial redness of Rosacea (May 2017) [Internet]. Practical dermatology; 2017 [cited 2017 Aug 2]. Available from: http://practicaldermatology.com/2017/05/new-concepts-in-treating-persistent-facial-redness-of-rosacea
- Ferrusi IL, Ahluwalia G, Andrae DA. Patient-rated Satisfaction Assessment for Rosacea Facial Redness (SAT-RFR): results of two phase 3 pivotal trials of oxymetazoline cream 1% vs vehicle. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(6):AB190.