Hypoxia-regulated p53 and its effect on radiosensitivity in cancer cells

References

• Achison M, Hupp T R. Hypoxia attenuates the p53 response to cellular damage. Oncogene 2003; 22: 3431–3440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alarcon R, Koumenis C, Geyer R K, Maki C G, Giaccia A J. Hypoxia induces p53 accumulation through MDM2 down-regulation and inhibition of E6-mediated degradation. Cancer Research 1999; 59: 6046–6051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amellem O, Pettersen E O. Cell inactivation and cell cycle inhibition as induced by extreme hypoxia: The possible role of cell cycle arrest as a protection against hypoxia-induced lethal damage. Cell Proliferation 1991; 24: 127–141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An W G, Kanekal M, Simon M C, Maltepe E, Blagosklonny M V, Neckers L M. Stabilization of wild-type p53 by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Nature 1998; 392: 405–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvold N D, Guha N, Wang D, Matli M, Deen D F, Warren R S, Haas-Kogan D A. Hypoxia-induced radioresistance is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1A in vitro. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2005; 62: 207–212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhuyan B K. Kinetics of cell kill by hyperthermia. Cancer Research 1979; 39: 2277–2284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown J M, Attardi L D. The role of apoptosis in cancer development and treatment response. Nature Review Cancer 2005; 5: 231–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairns R A, Hill R P. Acute hypoxia enhances spontaneous lymph node metastasis in an orthotopic murine model of human cervical carcinoma. Cancer Research 2004; 64: 2054–2061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairns R A, Kalliomaki T, Hill R P. Acute (cyclic) hypoxia enhances spontaneous metastasis of KHT murine tumors. Cancer Research 2001; 61: 8903–8908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao C, Shinohara E T, Niermann K J, Donnelly E F, Chen X, Hallahan D E, Lu B. Murine double minute 2 as a therapeutic target for radiation sensitization of lung cancer. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2005; 4: 1137–1145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Marechal V, Levine A J. Mapping of the p53 and mdm-2 interaction domains. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1993; 13: 4107–4114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chene P. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: An important target for cancer therapy. Nature Review Cancer 2003; 3: 102–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuisnier O, Serduc R, Lavieille J P, Longuet M, Reyt E, Riva C. Chronic hypoxia protects against gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis by inducing bcl-2 up-regulation and inhibiting mitochondrial translocation and conformational change of bax protein. International Journal of Oncology 2003; 23: 1033–1041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins E P, Taylor C T. Hypoxia-responsive transcription factors. Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology 2005; 450: 363–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsen T, Hvidsten M, Stokke T, Solberg K, Rofstad E K. Hypoxia induces p53 accumulation in the S-phase and accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein in all cell cycle phases of human melanoma cells. British Journal of Cancer 1998; 78: 1547–1558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsen T, Skoyum R, Rofstad E K. Hypoxia-induced changes in radiation sensitivity in human melanoma cells: Importance of oxygen-regulated proteins, adenylate energy charge and cell cycle distribution. Radiotherapy and Oncology 1997; 44: 177–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franko A J, Sutherland R M. Radiation survival of cells from spheroids grown in different oxygen concentrations. Radiation Research 1979; 79: 454–467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graeber T G, Osmanian C, Jacks T, Housman D E, Koch C J, Lowe S W, Giaccia A J. Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours. Nature 1996; 379: 88–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graeber T G, Peterson J F, Tsai M, Monica K, Fornace A J, Jr, Giaccia A J. Hypoxia induces accumulation of p53 protein, but activation of a G1-phase checkpoint by low-oxygen conditions is independent of p53 status. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1994; 14: 6264–6277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray L H, Conger A D, Ebert M, Hornsey S, Scott O C. The concentration of oxygen dissolved in tissues at the time of irradiation as a factor in radiotherapy. British Journal of Radiology 1953; 26: 638–648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudkov A V, Komarova E A. The role of p53 in determining sensitivity to radiotherapy. Nature Review Cancer 2003; 3: 117–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldar S, Negrini M, Monne M, Sabbioni S, Croce C M. Down-regulation of bcl-2 by p53 in breast cancer cells. Cancer Research 1994; 54: 2095–2097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupt Y, Maya R, Kazaz A, Oren M. Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53. Nature 1997; 387: 296–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda R, Tanaka H, Yasuda H. Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53. FEBS Letters 1997; 420: 25–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keng P C, Siemann D W, Wheeler K T. Comparison of tumour age response to radiation for cells derived from tissue culture or solid tumours. British Journal of Cancer 1984; 50: 519–526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koritzinsky M, Magagnin M G, Van Den Beucken T, Seigneuric R, Savelkouls K, Dostie J, Pyronnet S, Kaufman R J, Weppler S A, Voncken J W, Lambin P, Koumenis C, Sonenberg N, Wouters B G. Gene expression during acute and prolonged hypoxia is regulated by distinct mechanisms of translational control. EMBO Journal 2006; 25: 1114–1125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koritzinsky M, Wouters B G, Amellem O, Pettersen E O. Cell cycle progression and radiation survival following prolonged hypoxia and re-oxygenation. International Journal of Radiation Biology 2001; 77: 319–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koumenis C, Alarcon R, Hammond E, Sutphin P, Hoffman W, Murphy M, Derr J, Taya Y, Lowe S W, Kastan M, Giaccia A. Regulation of p53 by hypoxia: Dissociation of transcriptional repression and apoptosis from p53-dependent transactivation. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2001; 21: 1297–1310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krtolica A, Ludlow J W. Hypoxia arrests ovarian carcinoma cell cycle progression, but invasion is unaffected. Cancer Research 1996; 56: 1168–1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubbutat M H, Jones S N, Vousden K H. Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2. Nature 1997; 387: 299–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok T T, Sutherland R M. The radiation response of cells recovering after chronic hypoxia. Radiation Research 1989; 119: 261–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Q T, Denko N C, Giaccia A J. Hypoxic gene expression and metastasis. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 2004; 23: 293–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S G, Lee H, Rho H M. Transcriptional repression of the human p53 gene by cobalt chloride mimicking hypoxia. FEBS Letters 2001; 507: 259–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhang X, Sejas D P, Bagby G C, Pang Q. Hypoxia-induced nucleophosmin protects cell death through inhibition of p53. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004; 279: 41275–41279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling C C, Robinson E, Shrieve D C. Repair of radiation induced damage – dependence on oxygen and energy status. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 1988; 15: 1179–1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng A X, Jalali F, Cuddihy A, Chan N, Bindra R S, Glazer P M, Bristow R G. Hypoxia down-regulates DNA double strand break repair gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Radiotherapy and oncology: Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 2005; 76: 168–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milas L. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitors and radiotherapy: preclinical basis. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003; 26: S66–S69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyashita T, Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Wang H G, Lin H K, Liebermann D A, Hoffman B, Reed J C. Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 1994; 9: 1799–1805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller B J, Cao Y, Li C Y, Dewhirst M W. Radiation activates HIF-1 to regulate vascular radiosensitivity in tumors: Role of reoxygenation, free radicals, and stress granules. Cancer Cell 2004; 5: 429–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohnishi K, Ohnishi T. Heat-induced p53-dependent signal transduction and its role in hyperthermic cancer therapy. International Journal of Hyperthermia 2001; 17: 415–427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Oprysko P R, Asham A M, Koch C J, Simon M C. p53 cannot be induced by hypoxia alone but responds to the hypoxic microenvironment. Oncogene 2004; 23: 4975–4983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandita T K. Role of HSPs and telomerase in radiotherapy. International Journal of Hyperthermia 2005; 21: 689–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papandreou I, Powell A, Lim A L, Denko N. Cellular reaction to hypoxia: Sensing and responding to an adverse environment. Mutation Research 2005; 569: 87–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawlik T M, Keyomarsi K. Role of cell cycle in mediating sensitivity to radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2004; 59: 928–942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry M E. Mdm2 in the response to radiation. Molecular Cancer Research 2004; 2: 9–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettersen E O, Wang H. Radiation-modifying effect of oxygen in synchronized cells pre-treated with acute or prolonged hypoxia. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1996; 70: 319–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revesz L, Palcic B. Radiation dose dependence of the sensitization by oxygen and oxygen mimic sensitizers. Acta Radiologica Oncology 1985; 24: 209–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rofstad E K. Microenvironment-induced cancer metastasis. International Journal of Radiation Biology 2000; 76: 589–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rofstad E K, Maseide K. Radiobiological and immunohistochemical assessment of hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts: Acute and chronic hypoxia in individual tumours. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1999; 75: 1377–1393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth J, Dobbelstein M, Freedman D A, Shenk T, Levine A J. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of the hdm2 oncoprotein regulates the levels of the p53 protein via a pathway used by the human immunodeficiency virus rev protein. EMBO Journal 1998; 17: 554–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuni A M, Kasid U, Chuang E Y, Suy S, Degraff W, Krishna M C, Russo A, Mitchell J B. Effects of hypoxia on radiation-responsive stress-activated protein kinase, p53, and caspase 3 signals in TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells. Cancer Research 2005; 65: 579–586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield C J, Ratcliffe P J. Oxygen sensing by HIF hydroxylases. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2004; 5: 343–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrieve D C, Harris J W. The in vitro sensitivity of chronically hypoxic EMT6/SF cells to X-radiation and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine 1985; 48: 127–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiro I J, Kennedy K A, Stickler R, Ling C C. Cellular and molecular repair of X-ray-induced damage: Dependence on oxygen tension and nutritional status. Radiation Research 1985a; 101: 144–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiro I J, Ling C C, Stickler R, Gaskill J. Oxygen radiosensitisation at low dose rate. British Journal of Radiology 1985b; 58: 357–363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiro I J, Rice G C, Durand R E, Stickler R, Ling C C. Cell killing, radiosensitization and cell cycle redistribution induced by chronic hypoxia. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 1984; 10: 1275–1280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subarsky P, Hill R P. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment and metastatic progression. Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 2003; 20: 237–250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao W, Levine A J. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of oncoprotein Hdm2 is required for Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1999; 96: 3077–3080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokita N, Carpenter S G, Raju M R. Cell-cycle distributions and radiation responses of Chinese hamster cells cultured continuously under hypoxic conditions. British Journal of Radiology 1984; 57: 1137–1143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaupel P. Tumor microenvironmental physiology and its implications for radiation oncology. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 2004; 14: 198–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vousden K H. p53: Death star. Cell 2000; 103: 691–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Yang D, Lippman M E. Targeting Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL with nonpeptidic small-molecule antagonists. Seminars in Oncology 2003; 30: 133–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei K, Kodym R, Jin C. Radioresistant cell strain of human fibrosarcoma cells obtained after long-term exposure to x-rays. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 1998; 37: 133–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wouters B G, Van Den Beucken T, Magagnin M G, Koritzinsky M, Fels D, Koumenis C. Control of the hypoxic response through regulation of mRNA translation. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 2005; 16: 487–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young S D, Hill R P. Radiation sensitivity of tumour cells stained in vitro or in vivo with the bisbenzimide fluorochrome Hoechst 33342. British Journal of Cancer 1989; 60: 715–721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Hill R P. Hypoxia enhances metastatic efficiency by up-regulating Mdm2 in KHT cells and increasing resistance to apoptosis. Cancer Research 2004; 64: 4180–4189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolzer F, Streffer C. Increased radiosensitivity with chronic hypoxia in four human tumor cell lines. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2002; 54: 910–920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar