The legitimacy of free trade agreements as tools of EU democracy promotion

References

• Azzimonti, Marina, de Francisco, Eva, and Quadrini, Vincenzo (2014). ‘Financial globalization, inequality, and the rising public debt’, The American Economic Review, 104:8, 2267–2302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barro, Robert, and Lee, Jong-Wha (2005). ‘IMF programs: who is chosen and what are the effects?’ Journal of Monetary Economics, 52:7, 1245–1269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boix, Carles, and Stokes, Susan (2003). ‘Endogenous Democratization’, World Politics, 55:4, 517–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börzel, Tanja, Pamuk, Yasemin, and Stahn, Andreas (2009). ‘Democracy or stability? EU and US engagement in the Southern Caucasus’. In Amichai Magen, Thomas Risse, Michael McFaul (eds) Promoting democracy and the rule of law. (Houndmills, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan), 150–184.
   Google Scholar
• Börzel, Tanja, and van Hüllen, Vera (2014). ‘One voice, one message, but conflicting goals: cohesiveness and consistency in the European Neighbourhood Policy’, Journal of European Public Policy, 21:7, 1033–1049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan, Allen (2002). ‘Political legitimacy and democracy’. Ethics, 112:4, 689–719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiano, Thomas (2008). The constitution of equality (Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Dandashly, Assem (2015). ‘The EU response to regime change in the wake of the Arab revolt: differential implementation’. Journal of European Integration, 37:1, 37–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delcour, Laure (2013). ‘Meandering Europeanisation: EU policy instruments and policy convergence in Georgia under the Eastern Partnership’. East European Politics, 29:3, 344–357.
   Google Scholar
• Drahos, Peter, and Braithwaite, John (2002). Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? (London: Earthscan Publications)
   Google Scholar
• Easterly, William (2001). The elusive quest for growth: economists' adventures and misadventures in the tropics (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press)
   Google Scholar
• Elster, Jon (2013). Securities against misrule: juries, assemblies, elections (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press)
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2011). ‘Joint Communication to the European Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: a partnership for democracy and shared prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean’.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2013). ‘Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: European Neighbourhood Policy: working towards a stronger partnership’.
   Google Scholar
• Freyburg, Tina, Lavenex, Sandra, Schimmelfennig, Frank, Skripka, Tatiana, and Wetzel, Anne (2009). ‘EU promotion of democratic governance in the neighbourhood’, Journal of European Public Policy, 16:6, 916–934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyburg, Tina, Lavenex, Sandra, Schimmelfennig, Frank, Skripka, Tatiana, and Wetzel, Anne (2011). ‘Democracy promotion through functional cooperation? The case of the European Neighbourhood Policy’. Democratization, 18:4, 1026–1054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyburg, Tina, Lavenex, Sandra, Schimmelfennig, Frank, Skripka, Tatiana, and Wetzel, Anne (2015). Democracy promotion by functional cooperation: The European Union and its neighbourhood. (Houndmills, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
   Google Scholar
• Gilley, Bruce (2010). ‘Democratic triumph, scholarly pessimism’. Journal of Democracy, 21:1, 160–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giumelli, Francesco (2011). ‘EU restrictive measures on the Transnistrian leaders: assessing effectiveness in a strategy of divide and influence’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 16:3, 359–378.
   Google Scholar
• Giumelli, Francesco (2013). The success of sanctions: lessons learned from the EU experience (Farnham, United Kingdom: Ashgate)
   Google Scholar
• Goodin, Robert (2007). ‘Enfranchising all affected interests, and its alternatives’, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35:1, 40–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimm, Sonja, and Leininger, Julia (2012). ‘Not all good things go together: conflicting objectives in democracy promotion’. Democratization, 19:3, 391–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gstöhl, Sieglinde (ed) (2016). The European Neighbourhood Policy in a comparative perspective: models, challenges, lessons (Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• Kienle, Eberhard (2010). ‘Ambiguities and misconceptions: European policies towards political reform in the Southern Mediterranean’, Al-siyasa al-dualiyya, Special Issue, September/October 2010, 11–16.
   Google Scholar
• Kostanyan, Hrant (2015). ‘Neither integrated nor comprehensive in substance: Armenia and Georgia’. in Anne Wetzel and Jan Orbie (eds) The substance of EU democracy promotion: concepts and cases (Houndmills, United Kingdom, Palgrave Macmillan), 134–148.
   Google Scholar
• Lavenex, Sandra, and Schimmelfennig, Frank (2009). ‘EU rules beyond EU borders: theorizing external governance in European politics’. Journal of European Public Policy, 16:6, 791–812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehne, Stefan (2014). ‘Time to reset the European Neighbourhood Policy’, Carnegie Europe Policy Brief, February 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan (2005). ‘International linkage and democratization’. Journal of Democracy, 16:3, 20–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan (2006). ‘Linkage versus leverage. Rethinking the international dimension of regime change’ Comparative Politics, 38:4, 379–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipset, Seymour M. (1959). ‘Some social requisites of democracy: economic development and political legitimacy’, American Political Science Review, 53:1, 69–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipset, Seymour M., Seong, Kyoung, and Torres, John (1993). ‘A comparative analysis of the social requisites of democracy’, International Social Science Journal, 45:2, 154–175.
   Google Scholar
• Merkel, Wolfgang (2004). ‘Embedded and defective democracies’. Democratization, 11:5, 33–58.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, John, and Rowan, Brian (1977). ‘Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony’. American Journal of Sociology, 83:2, 340–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mkandawire, Thandika (2002). ‘Incentives, governance, and capacity development in Africa’. African Issues, 30:1, 15–20.
   Google Scholar
• Montesano, Francesco, van der Togt, Tony, and Zweers, Wouter (2016). ‘The Europeanisation of Moldova: is the EU on the right track?’ Clingendael Report, July 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Nel, Philip (2003). ‘Income inequality, economic growth, and political instability in Sub-Saharan Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 41:4, 611–639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace, Michelle (2009). ‘Paradoxes and contradictions in EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean: the limits of EU normative power’. Democratization, 16:1, 39–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, Eswar, Rogoff, Kenneth, Wei, Shang-Jin, and M Ayhan Kose (2005). ‘Effects of financial globalization on developing countries: some empirical evidence’. in Wanda Tseng and David Cowen (eds) India’s and China’s recent experience with reform and growth. (Houndmills, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan), 201–228.
   Google Scholar
• Przeworski, Adam, and Limongi, Fernando (1997). ‘Modernization: theories and facts’, World Politics, 49:2, 155–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raik, Kristi (2012). ‘EU and mass protests in the neighbourhood: models of normative (in)action’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 17:4, 553–575.
   Google Scholar
• Rawls, John (1993). Political liberalism (New York, United States: Columbia University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Raz, Joseph (1992). ‘The relevance of coherence’, Boston University Law Review, 72. 273–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaert, Vicky (2015). ‘Democracy through the invisible hand? Egypt and Tunisia’. in Anne Wetzel and Jan Orbie (eds) (2015). The substance of EU democracy promotion: concepts and cases (Houndmills, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan), 149–161.
   Google Scholar
• Sasse, Gwendolyn (2013). ‘Linkages and the promotion of democracy: the EU's Eastern Neighbourhood’. Democratization, 20:4, 553–591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theuns, Tom (2017). ‘Promoting democracy through economic conditionality in the ENP: a normative critique’, Journal of European Integration, 39:3, 287–302.
   Google Scholar
• van Hüllen, Vera (2012). ‘Europeanisation through cooperation? EU democracy promotion in Morocco and Tunisia’, West European Politics, 35:1, 117–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vreeland, James (2003). The IMF and economic development (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Weiler, Joseph, Haltern, Ulrich, and Mayer, Franz (1995). ‘European democracy and its critique’, West European Politics, 18:3, 4–39.
   Google Scholar
• Wetzel, Anne, and Orbie, Jan (2011). ‘Promoting embedded democracy: researching the substance of EU democracy promotion’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 16, 565–588.
   Google Scholar
• Wetzel, Anne and Orbie, Jan (eds) (2015). The substance of EU democracy promotion: concepts and cases (Houndmills, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar