21,518
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The EU global strategy: the dynamics of a more politicized and politically integrated foreign policyFootnote1

&
Pages 753-770 | Received 22 May 2018, Accepted 20 Nov 2018, Published online: 08 Apr 2019

References

  • Aggestam, Lisbeth (2008) ‘Introduction: ethical power Europe?’, International Affairs, 84:1, 1–11
  • Balfour, Rosa et al (2016) Europe’s troublemakers. The populist challenge to foreign policy’ (Brussels: European Policy Centre)
  • Barbé, Esther, Costa, Oriol and Kissack, Robert (eds). (2016). EU Policy Responses to a Shifting Multilateral System (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Barbé, Esther, Herranz-Surrallés, Anna and Natorski, Michal (2015) ‘Contending metaphors of the European Union as a global actor. Norms and power in the European discourse on multilateralism’, Journal of Language and Politics, 14:1, 18–40
  • Beck, Ulrich and Grande, Edgar (2007) Cosmopolitan Europe (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press)
  • Bendiek, Annegret (2017) ‘A Paradigm Shift in the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy: From Transformation to Resilience’, SWP Research Paper, 11, Berlin
  • Besch, Sophia (2016) ‘EU defence, brexit and trump: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’, policy brief (London: Centre for European Reform)
  • Biscop, Sven (2007) ‘The ABC of European Union Strategy: Ambition, Benchmark, Culture’, Egmont Paper 16, Brussels
  • Biscop, Sven (2016) ‘All or nothing? The EU Global Strategy and Defence Policy after the Brexit’, Contemporary Security Policy, 37:3, 431–445
  • Biscop, Sven (2017) ‘Differentiated Integration in Defence: A Plea for PESCO’, EU60: Re-founding Europe. The responsibility to propose, Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome
  • Bornschier, Simon (2010) ‘The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe’, West European Politics, 33:3, 419–44
  • Costa, Oriol (2018) ‘The politicization of EU external relations’, Journal of European Public Policy,
  • Council of the European Union (2016a) ‘Council Conclusions on the Global Strategy on the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy’, 3492nd Council Meeting, 17 October, Luxembourg. <http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13202-2016-INIT/en/pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Council of the European Union (2016b) ‘Implementation Plan on Security and Defence’, 3498th Council Meeting, 14 November, Brussels. <https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eugs_implementation_plan_st14392.en16_0.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Council of the European Union (2016c) ‘Council Conclusions on implementing the Global Strategy in the area of Security and Defence’, 3498th Council Meeting, 14 November, Brussels. <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/22459/eugs-conclusions-st14149en16.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Council of the European Union (2017a) ‘Official Journal of the European Union’, Council Decision (EU) 2017/971, L146/133, 8 June. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32017D0971> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Council of the European Union (2017b) ‘Outcome of the Council Meeting’, 3587th Council Meeting, 11 December, Brussels. <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/32426/z-councils-council-configurations-foreign-affairs-2017-171211-main-results-and-outcome-st15656en17.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Dany, Charlotte (2015) ‘Politicization of Humanitarian Aid in the European Union’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 20:3, 419–438
  • de Wilde, Pieter (2011) ‘No polity for old politics? A framework for analyzing the politicization of European integration’, Journal of European Integration, 33:5, 559–75
  • de Wilde, Pieter and Zürn, Michael (2012) ‘Can the Politicization of European Integration be Reversed?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 50:S1, 137–153
  • Dehousse, Renaud (2016) ‘Why has EU macroeconomic governance become more supranational?’, Journal of European Integration, 38:5, 617–631
  • Deitelhoff, Nicole and Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2013) ‘Things we lost in the fire: How different types of contestation affect the validity of international norms’, Working Papers 18, HSFK, <http://www.hsfk.de/fileadmin/downloads/PRIF_WP_18.Pdf>, accessed 21 May 2018
  • Dennison, Susi and Pardijs, Dina (2016) ‘The World According to Europe’s Insurgent Parties: Putin, migration and people power’, European Council on Foreign Relations, London
  • Dijkstra, Hylke (2016) ‘Introduction: one-and-a-half cheers for the EU Global Strategy’, Contemporary Security Policy, 37:3, 369–373
  • Duchène, François (1973) ‘The European Community and the uncertainties of interdependence’ in Kohnstamm, Max and Hager, Wolfgang (eds) A Nation Writ Large? Foreign Policy Problems before the European Community (London, United Kingdom: Macmillan)
  • EEAS (2015) ‘The European Union in a Changing Global Environment. A more Connected, Contested and Complex World’, European External Action Service, Brussels. <http://www.eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/docs/strategic_review/eu-strategic-review_executive_summary_en.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • EEAS (2017) ‘EU foreign policy advancing carefully, strategically—but fast’, European External Action Service, Brussels, <https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/28638/eu-foreign-policy-advancing-carefully-strategically–fast_en> accessed 21 May 2018
  • EEAS (2018) ‘Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). Deepening Defence Cooperation among EU Member States’, 5 March, European External Action Service, Brussels, <https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eu_factsheet_pesco_permanent_structured_cooperation_en_0.pdf>, accessed 21 May 2018
  • EUGS (2016) ‘Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy’, European External Action Service, Brussels. <https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • European Council (2003) ‘A Secure Europe in a Better World. European Security Strategy’, European Union, Brussels. <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/publications/european-security-strategy-secure-europe-better-world/> accessed 21 May 2018
  • European Council (2008) ‘Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy. Providing Security in a Changing World’, European Union, Brussels. <https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/reports/104630.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • European Council (2015) ‘Conclusions’, European Council, EUCO 22/15, 25-26 June, Brussels. <http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-22-2015-INIT/en/pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Fiott, Daniel, Missiroli, Antonio, and Tardy, Thierry (2017) ‘Permanent Structured Cooperation: What’s in a Name?’, Chaillot Papers EUISS, 142, EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris
  • Frid-Nielsen, Snorre Sylvester (2018) ‘Human Rights or Security? Positions on asylum in European Parliament speeches’, European Union Politics,
  • Grande, Edgar and Hutter, Sven (2016) ‘Introduction: European integration and the challenge of politicization’ in Hutter, Sven; Grande, Edgar and Kriesi, Hanspeter (eds) Politicising Europe. Integration and Mass Politics (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press), 3–31
  • Grande, Edgar and Kriesi, Hanspeter (2015) ‘The restructuring of political conflict in Europe and the politicization of European integration’ in Thomas Risse (ed) European Public Spheres. Politics is Back, (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press), 190–226
  • Grevi, Giovanni (2009) ‘The Interpolar world: a new scenario’, Occasional Paper 79, EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris
  • Held, David; McGrew, Anthony; Goldblatt, David and Perraton, Jonathan (1999), Global transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture, (Stanford, United States: Stanford University Press)
  • Herranz-Surrallés, Anna (2018), ‘Paradoxes of parliamentarization in European security and defence: when politicization and integration undercut parliamentary capital’, Journal of European Integration,
  • Hix, Simon (2006) ‘Why the EU Needs (Left-Right) Politics? Policy Reform and Accountability are Impossible Without it’, Policy Paper 19, Notre Europe Institut Jacques Delors, Paris/Berlin
  • Hoeglinger, Dominic (2016) Politicizing European integration. Struggling with the awakening giant (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary (2009) ‘A postfunctionalist theory of European Integration: From permissive consensus to constraining dissensus’, British Journal of Political Science, 39:1, 1–23
  • Howorth, Jolyon (2016) ‘EU global strategy in a changing world: Brussels’ approach to the emerging powers’, Contemporary Security Policy, 37:3, 389–401
  • Howorth, Jolyon (2017) ‘Strategic autonomy and EU-NATO Cooperation: squaring the circle’, Security Policy Brief, 85, Egmont, Brussels
  • Hurrelmann, Achim; Gora, Anna and Wagner, Andrea (2015) ‘The politicization of European integration: More than an Elite Affair?’, Political Studies, 63, 43–59
  • Hyde-Price, Adrian (2006) ‘“Normative” power Europe: a realist critique’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 13:2, 217–234
  • Johansson-Nogués, Elisabeth (2018) ‘The EU’s ontological (in)security; Stabilising the ENP area… and the EU-self?’, Cooperation and Conflict,
  • Juncos, Ana E. (2017) ‘Resilience as the new EU foreign policy paradigm: a pragmatist turn?’, European Security, 26:1, 1–18
  • Kauppi, Niilo and Wiesner, Claudia (2018) ‘Exit politics, enter politicization’, Journal of European Integration,
  • Krastev, Ivan (2017) After Europe (Philadelphia, United States: University of Pennsylvania Press)
  • Kriesi, Hanspeter; Grande, Edgar; Lachat, Romain; Dolezal, Martin; Bornschier, Simon and Frey, Timotheos (2008) West European politics in the age of globalization (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press)
  • Krotz, Ulrich and Maher, Richard (2001) ‘International relations theory and the rise of European foreign and security policy’, World Politics, 63:3, 548–579
  • López-Aranda, Ricardo (2017) ‘Una nueva estrategia exterior para la Unión Europea’, Cuadernos de Estrategia, 184, Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos., Madrid
  • Mälksoo, Maria (2016) ‘From the ESS to the EU global strategy: external policy, internal purpose’, Contemporary Security Policy, 37:3, 374–388
  • Manning, Bayless (1977) ‘The congress, the executive and intermestic affairs: Three proposals’, Foreign Affairs, 55:2, 306–324
  • Manners, Ian (2002) ‘Normative power Europe: A contradiction in terms?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40:2, 235–258
  • Mitzen, Jennifer (2006) ‘Anchoring Europe’s civilizing identity: habits, capabilities and ontological security’, Journal of European Public Policy, 13:2
  • Mogherini, Federica (2015) ‘Preface’ in Missiroli, Antonio (ed), Towards an EU Global Strategy. Background, Process, References, EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris
  • Morillas, Pol (2011) ‘Institutionalization or Intergovernmental Decision-Taking in Foreign Policy: The Implementation of the Lisbon Treaty’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 16:2, 243–257
  • Morillas, Pol (2019) Strategy-Making in the EU. From Foreign and Security Policy to External Action (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Müller, Patrick (2016) ‘EU foreign policy: no major breakthrough despite multiple crises’, Journal of European Integration, 38:3, 359–374
  • Niblett, Robin (2017) ‘Liberalism in retreat. The demise of a dream’, Foreign Affairs, January/February
  • Novotná, Tereza (2017) ‘The EU as a Global Actor: United we stand, divided we fall’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 55:S1, 177–191
  • Ojanen, Hanna (2016), ‘Defence integration in the EU: from vision to business as usual’ in Zimmermann, Hubert and Andreas Dür, Key controversies in European integration (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan), 227–233
  • Peters, Dirk (2014) ‘European security policy for the people? Public opinion and the EU’s Common Foreign, Security and Defence policy’, European Security, 23:4
  • Russell Mead, Walter (2014) ‘The Return of Geopolitics. The Revenge of Revisionist Powers’, Foreign Affairs, May/June
  • Schneckener, Ulrich and Hegemann, Hendrik (n. d.) ‘Politicizing European Security? Processes of Politicization in Counter-terrorism and Border Security.’ <http://www.zedf.uni-osnabrueck.de/media/ZeDF%20Text_Antrag%20Projekt%20Politisierung.pdf> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank (2014), ‘European Integration in the Euro Crisis: the limits of postfunctionalism’, Journal of European Integration,
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank (2017), ‘Theorising crisis in European integration’ in Dinan, Desmond; Nugent, Neill and Paterson, William E. (eds), The European Union in Crisis (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank; Leuffen, Dirk and Rittberger, Berthold (2015) ‘The European Union as a system of differentiated integration: interdependence, politicization and differentiation’, Journal of European Public Policy, 22:6, 764–782
  • Sjursen, Helene (2009) ‘"Doing Good" in the World? Reconsidering the Basis of the Research Agenda on the EU’s Foreign and Security Policy’, RECON Online Working Paper, 2007/09
  • Sjursen, Helene (2017) ‘Principles in European Union Foreign Policy’ in Hill, C., Smith, M., and Vanhoonacker, S. (eds), International Relations and the European Union (Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press)
  • Smith, Karen (2013) ‘Can the European Union be a Pole in a Multipolar World?’, The International Spectator, 48:2, 114–126
  • Solana, Javier (2006) ‘The Sound of Europe Conference’, Speech by Javier Solana EU High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, Salzburg, 27 January
  • Sperling, James and Webber, Mark (2016) ‘The European Union, Security Governance and Collective Securitization’, Prepared for workshop ‘Western European Politics Special Issue Workshop: Governing the European Security Space: The EU as an Agent of Collective Securitization’, 16–18 September 2016, University of Bologna, Forli, Italy
  • The Guardian (2015) ‘Jean-Claude Juncker calls for EU army’, 8 March, <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/08/jean-claude-juncker-calls-for-eu-army-european-commission-miltary≥ accessed 21 May 2018
  • The Times (2016) ‘EU army plans kept secret from voters’, 27 May, <https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/eu-army-plans-kept-secret-from-voters-3j3kg3zwj> accessed 21 May 2018
  • Tocci, Nathalie (2015) ‘Towards an EU global strategy’ in Missiroli, Antonio (ed) (2015), Towards an EU global strategy. Background, process, references (Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies)
  • Tocci, Nathalie (2016a) ‘The making of the EU Global Strategy’, Contemporary Security Policy, 37:3, 461–472
  • Tocci, Nathalie (2016b) ‘Interview with Nathalie Tocci on the global strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy’, The International Spectator, 51:3, 1–8
  • Tocci, Nathalie (2017) Framing the EU global strategy. A stronger Europe in a fragile World (Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan)
  • Tocci, Nathalie (2018) ‘Towards a European security and defence union: Was 2017 a Watershed?, Journal of Common Market Studies,
  • Usherwood, Simon and Startin, Nick (2013) ‘Euroscepticism as persistent phenomenon’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 51:1, 1–16
  • Van Langenhove, Luk (2010) The EU as a Global Actor in a Multipolar World and Multilateral 2.0 Environment’, Egmont Paper 36, Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels
  • We Perfectly Know (2016), ‘“We perfectly know what to work for”: The EU’s global strategy for foreign and security policy’, editorial comments, Common Market Law Review, 53, 1199–1208
  • Wetzel, Anne; Orbie, Jan and Bossuyt, Fabienne (2015) ‘One of what kind? Comparative perspectives on the substance of EU democracy promotion’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 28:1, 21–34
  • Wiener, Antje (2014) A theory of contestation (Berlin, Germany: Springer)
  • Youngs, Richard (2010) Europe’s decline and fall. The struggle against global irrelevance (London, United Kingdom: Profile Books)
  • Youngs, Richard (2018) Europe reset. New directions for the EU (London, United Kingdom: I.B. Tauris)
  • Zürn, Michael (2014) ‘The politicization of world politics and its effects: Eight propositions’, European Political Science Review, 6:1, 47–71