Caribbean insurrectionsFootnote¹

Insurrection is used as in the Concise Oxford Dictionary to mean ‘rising in open resistance to established authority; incipient rebellion’. Thus, an uprising may be the first, intermediate, or last act in a revolutionary sequence, or alternatively, it may take place outside of the context of a revolutionary situation.

References

• Aya , Rod . 1990 . Rethinking Revolutions and Collective Violence: Studies on Concept, Theory and Method , Amsterdam : Het Spinhuis .
   Google Scholar
• Aya , Rod . 1979 . ‘Theories of Revolution Reconsidered’ . Theory and Society , 8 ( 1 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayart , Jean Francois . 1991 . “ ‘Finishing With the Idea of the Third World: The Concept of the Political Trajectory’ ” . In Rethinking Third World Politics , Edited by: Manor , James . London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Best , Lloyd . 1965 . ‘From Chaguaramas to Slavery’ . New World Quarterly , 2 ( 1 )
   Google Scholar
• Best , Lloyd . 1970 . ‘The February Revolution ‐ Causes and Meaning’ . Tapia ,
   Google Scholar
• Brizan , George . The Nutmeg Industry: Grenada's Black Gold , St. Georges : Grenada . n.d.,
   Google Scholar
• Buhle , Paul . 1988 . C.L.R. James: The Artist as Revolutionary , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Camejo , Acton . 1971 . ‘Racial Discrimination in Employment in the Private Sector in Trinidad and Tobago: A Study of the Business Elite and the Social Structure’ . Social and Economic Studies , 20 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Coard , Bernard . 1978 . The Role of the State in Agriculture , Guyana : ISER, IDS .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , Susan . 1982 . “ ‘Background to the 1970 Confrontation in Trinidad and Tobago’ ” . In Contemporary Caribbean Edited by: Craig , Susan . Vol.2 , Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• DeBoissiere , Ralph . 1981 . Crown Jewel , London : Picador .
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , John . 1989 . Modern Revolutions: An Introduction to the Analysis of a Political Phenomenon , (second edn.) , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Engels , F. 1933 . Germany: Revolution and Counter‐Revolution , Moscow : Progress Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Farhi , Farideh . 1988 . ‘State Disintegration and Urban Based Revolutionary Crisis: A Comparative Analysis of Iran and Nicaragua’ . Comparative Political Studies , 21 ( 2 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhi , Farideh . 1990 . States and Urban‐Based Revolutions: Iran and Nicaragua , Champagne, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , Jeff . . ‘A Theory of Persistent Insurgency: El Salvador, Guatemala and Peru in Comparative Perspective’ . Paper Presented at the 17th international Conference of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) . September 24–27 1992 , Los Angeles, California.
   Google Scholar
• Goldfrank , Walter . 1979 . ‘Theories of Revolution and Revolution Without Theory’ . Theory and Society , 7 ( 1 and 2 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1979 . Grenada Abstract of Statistics, 1979 , St. George's : Central Statistical Office .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , Stuart . 1992 . “ ‘C.L.R. James: A Portrait’ ” . In C.L.R. James's Caribbean , Edited by: Henry , Paget and Buhle , Paul . Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , Enol . 1972 . The Trinidad Carnival: Mandate for a National Theatre , Austin, TX : University of Texas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hobsbawm , Eric . 1981 . Bandits , (Revised edn.) , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• James , C.L.R. The Black Jacobins , New York : The Dial Press . n.d.,
   Google Scholar
• James , C.L.R. 1980 . “ ‘Marxism and the Intellectuals: A Critique of Raymond Williams’ Culture and Society’ ” . In Spheres of Existence , Edited by: James , C.L.R. London : Alison & Busby .
   Google Scholar
• James , C.L.R. 1982 . “ ‘Walter Rodney and the Question of Power’ ” . In Walter Rodney, Revolutionary and Scholar: A Tribute , Edited by: Alpers , Edward and Fontaine , Pierre Michel . Los Angeles : Center for Afro‐American Studies and African Studies Center, University of California .
   Google Scholar
• James , C.L.R. 1986 . State Capitalism and World Revolution , Chicago, IL : Charles H. Kerr .
   Google Scholar
• LaGuerre , John Gaffar . 1982 . The Politics of Communalism: The Agony of the Left in Trinidad and Tobago, 1930–1955 , Trinidad : Pan‐Caribbean Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Laitin , David and Warner , Carolyn . 1992 . ‘Structure and Irony in Social Revolutions’ . Political Theory , 20 ( 1 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann , David . 1990 . Democracy and Development in Latin America: Economics, Politics and Religion in the Post‐War Period , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lenin , V.I. 1973 . “ ‘Marxism and Insurrection’ ” . In Guerrilla Warfare and Marxism , Edited by: Pomeroy , William . New York : International Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , Gordon . 1987 . Grenada: The Jewel Despoiled , Baltimore, MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Map Position Paper, 1972 , Washington, DC : the Grenada Documents in the National Archives . listed in microfiche No. 8559,
   Google Scholar
• Marable , Manning . 1987 . African and Caribbean Politics: From Kwame Nkrumah to Maurice Bishop , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Meeks , Brian . 1993 . Caribbean Revolutions and Revolutionary Theory: An Assessment of Cuba, Nicaragua and Grenada , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Meeks , Brian . 1977 . “ ‘The Development of the 1970 Revolution in Trinidad and Tobago’ ” . Mona, Jamaica : University of the West Indies . unpublished M.Sc thesis,
   Google Scholar
• Meeks , Brian . 1993 . Social Formation and People's Revolution: A Grenadian Study , London : Karia . (forthcoming)
   Google Scholar
• Moore , Barrington . 1967 . Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Oxaal , Ivor . 1971 . Race and Revolutionary Consciousness , Cambridge, MA : Schenkman .
   Google Scholar
• Ramesar , S. 1972 . “ ‘A Socio‐Economic Profile of the Unemployed in Trinidad and Tobago, 1946–1968’ ” . In Human Resources in the Commonwealth Caribbean , Edited by: Harewood , Jack . Trinidad : ISER .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , Selwyn . 1972 . Race and Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago , Toronto : University of Toronto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , Selwyn . 1991 . The Muslimeen Grab for Power: Race, Religion and Revolution in Trinidad and Tobago , Port of Spain : Imprint Caribbean Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Singham , Archie . 1968 . The Hero and the Crowd in a Colonial Polity , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skocpol , Theda . 1973 . ‘A Critical Review of Barrington Moore's Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy’ . Politics and Society , 4 ( 1 )
   Google Scholar
• Skocpol , Theda . 1979 . States and Social Revolutions , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , M.G. 1965 . The Plural Society in the British West Indies , Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• St. Cyr , Eric . 1972 . “ ‘Some Recent Trends in Prices and Wages in Trinidad and Tobago’ ” . Port of Spain mimeo
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , Stan . 1984 . Social Science and Revolutions , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , Roy . 1974 . The Adjustment of Displaced Workers in a Labour Surplus Economy , Jamaica : ISER .
   Google Scholar
• Vilas , Carlos . 1986 . The Sandinista Revolution , New York : Monthly Review Press .
   Google Scholar
• Insurrection is used as in the Concise Oxford Dictionary to mean ‘rising in open resistance to established authority; incipient rebellion’. Thus, an uprising may be the first, intermediate, or last act in a revolutionary sequence, or alternatively, it may take place outside of the context of a revolutionary situation.
   Google Scholar