References
- Agate, S. (2020). Adele’s dramatic weight loss: A win for online bullies? Talent Recap. https://talentrecap.com/adeles-dramatic-weight-loss-a-win-for-online-bullies/
- Aubrey, J. S. (2010). Looking good versus feeling good: An investigation of media frames of health advice and their effects on women’s body-related self-perceptions. Sex Roles, 63(1–2), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9768-4
- Bacon, L. (2010). Health at Every Size: The surprising truth about your weight. BenBella Books.
- Bambra, C., Lynch, J., & Smith, K. E. (2021). The unequal pandemic: COVID-19 and health inequities. Policy Press.
- Berg, J. (2020, May 13). Sonja Morgan presents photo proof that she’s “back to my fit, slim figure”. Bravo TV. https://www.bravotv.com/the-real-housewives-of-new-york-city/style-living/sonja-morgan-shows-weight-loss-in-self-quarantine
- Boero, N. (2012). Killer fat: Media, medicine, and morals in the American ‘obesity epidemic’. University of California Press.
- Boero, N. (2013). Obesity in the media; social science weighs in. Critical Public Health, 23(3), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2013.783686
- Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, western culture, and the body. University of California Press.
- Brooks, B. (2020, April 2). Why is New Orleans’ death rate twice New York’s? Obesity is a factor. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-new-orleans/why-is-new-orleans-coronavirus-death-rate-twice-new-yorks-obesity-is-a-factor-idUSKBN21K1B0
- Brown, S. J. (2020, April 27). You might gain weight during quarantine, and that’s okay. Wear Your Voice. https://www.wearyourvoicemag.com/you-might-gain-weight-during-quarantine-and-thats-ok/
- Burgard, D. (2009). What is “Health at Every Size”? In E. Rothblum and S. Solovay (Eds.), The fat studies reader (pp. 42–53). New York University Press.
- Businesswire. (2020b, June 4). United States weight loss market in 2020: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200604005296/en/United-States-Weight-Loss-Market-in-2020-Effects-of-the-COVID-19-Pandemic%26#x2014;ResearchAndMarkets.com
- Butler, J. (2009). Frames of war. Verso.
- Byrne, C. (2020, April 13). It’s OK to eat more and exercise less during quarantine. Outside. https://www.outsideonline.com/2411420/coronavirus-weight-gain-exercise-anxiety
- Crawford, R. (2006). Health as a meaningful social practice. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Health, Illness, and Medicine, 10(4), 401–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459306067310
- Davison, R., & Suri, S. (2020, May 6). Adele shows off her incredible seven stone weight loss in a tight black mini for a rare Instagram post on her 32nd birthday … as a friend shares unseen snap of them partying in Vegas. Daily Mail. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-8291397/Adele-looks-unrecognizable-shows-amazing-figure-tight-black-mini-32nd-birthday.html
- Dunleavy, B. P. (2020, March 18). Diarrhea a key symptom in 1 of 4 COVID-19 patients, study finds. UPI. https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2020/03/18/Diarrhea-a-key-symptom-in-1-of-4-COVID-19-patients-study-finds/9771584559020/
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward a clarification of a fractured paradigm. The Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
- Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing bias: Media and the distribution of power. The Journal of Communication, 57(1), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x
- Evans, B., & Colls, R. (2009). Measuring fatness, governing bodies: The spatialities of body mass index (BMI) in anti-obesity politics. Antipode, 41(5), 1051–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00706.x
- Farrell, A. E. (2011). Fat shame: Stigma and the fat body in American culture. New York University Press.
- Flegal, K. M., Graubard, B. I., Williamson, D. F., & Gail, M. H. (2005). Excess deaths associated with overweight, underweight, and obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(15), 1861–1867. doi:10.1001/jama.293.15.1861
- Flegal, K. M., Kit, B. K., Orbana, H., & Graubard, B. I. (2013). Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 309(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.113905
- Fleming, R. M., & Chaudhuri, T. K. (2020). How expensive is it to lose weight? The financial cost of one such weight loss program. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology, 7(2), 57–59. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-2976.000113
- Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish. Vintage Books.
- Frederick, D. A., Tomiyama, A. J., Bold, J., & Saguy, A. C. (2019). Can she be healthy at her weight? Effects of news media frames on antifat attitudes, dieting intentions, and perceived health risks of obesity. Stigma and Health, 5(3), 247–257. doi:10.1037/sah0000195
- Gaesser, G. (2009). Is “permanent weight loss” an oxymoron? The statistics on weight loss and the National Weight Loss Registry. In E. Rothblum and S. Solovay (Eds.), The fat studies reader (pp. 37–40). New York University Press.
- Gard, M., & Wright, J. (2005). The obesity epidemic: Science, morality, and ideology. Routledge.
- GlobeNewswire. (2020, May 14). Doctor-supervised diet program uses virtual weight loss coaching for safety and convenience. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5Y2-0H11-JBKN-D21H-00000-00&context=1516831
- Grimes, D. (2020, April 24). Integrative health center of Charlottesville has advice for anyone gaining weight while in quarantine.” NBC 29. https://www.nbc29.com/2020/04/24/interactive-center-charlottesville-has-advice-anyone-gaining-weight-while-quarantine/
- Harjunen, H. (2017). Neoliberal bodies and the gendered fat body. Routledge.
- Harriger, J. A., Calogero, R. M., Witherington, D. C., & Smith, J. E. (2010). Body size stereotyping and the internalization of the thin ideal in preschool girls. Sex Roles, 63(9–10), 609–620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9868-1
- Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
- Heuer, C. A., McClure, K. J., & Puhl, R. M. (2011). Obesity stigma in online news: A visual content analysis. Journal of Health Communication, 16(9), 976–987. doi:10.1080/10810730.2011.561915
- Himmelstein, M. S., Puhl, R. M., & Quinn, D. M. (2017). Intersectionality: An understudied framework for addressing weight stigma. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(4), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.003
- Holmes, B. J. (2009). Media coverage of Canada’s obesity epidemic: Illustrating the subtleties of surveillance medicine. Critical Public Health, 19(2), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581590802478048
- Hsei, H., & Shannon, S. H. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
- Jovanovski, N., & Jaeger, T. (2022). Demystifying ‘diet culture’: Exploring the meaning of diet culture in online ‘anti-diet’ feminist, fat activist, and health professional communities. Women’s Studies International Forum, 90. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102558
- Kwan, S. (2009). Competing motivational discourses for weight loss: Means to ends and the nexus of beauty and health. Qualitative Health Research, 19(9), 1223–1233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732309343952
- Kyrölä, K. (2014). The weight of images: Affect, body image, and fat in the media. Routledge.
- Lacy, S., Watson, B. R., Riffe, D., & Lovejoy, J. (2015). Issues and best practices in content analysis. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), 791–811. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015607338
- Ling, R. (2020). Confirmation bias in the era of mobile news consumption: The social and psychological dimensions. Digital Journalism, 8(5), 596–604. doi:10.1080/21670811.2020.1766987
- Monaghan, L., Colls, R., & Evans, B. (2013). Obesity discourse and fat politics: Research, critique, and interventions. Critical Public Health, 23(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2013.814312
- Monaghan, L. (2021). Degrading bodies in pandemic times: Politicizing cruelty during the COVID-19 and obesity crises. The Journal of Communication Inquiry. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1177/01968599211043403
- Pausé, C. (2014). Die another day: The obstacles facing fat people in accessing quality healthcare. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, 4(2), 135–141. doi:10.1353/nib.2014.0039
- Pearl, R. L., & Puhl, R. M. (2018). Weight bias internalization and health: A systematic review. Obesity Review, 19(8), 1141–1163. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12701
- Polzer, J., & Power, E. (2016). Introduction: The governance of health in neoliberal societies. In J. Polzer & E. Power (Eds.), Neoliberal governance and health (pp. 42–53). McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- PR Newswire. (2020a, May 11). Are you prepared for the second wave of COVID-19? The Serotonin-Plus Weight Loss Program has answers; Dr. Robert Posner, who specializes in helping people lose weight, offers preparedness advice. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5YW8-BXX1-DXP3-R0VP-00000-00&context=1516831
- PR Newswire. (2020b, May 17). MD Diet combats COVID-19‘s biggest risk factor obesity with telehealth; MD Diet Weight Loss & Nutrition today announced a remote online telehealth option for its highly popular weight reduction program. The urgency of this move is spurred on due to research implicating obesity as the top ‘chronic health factor’ leading to hospitalization from COVID-19. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5YP4-KXF1-DXP3-R3TD-00000-00&context=1516831
- Price, J. (2020, May 15). Action Bronson talks about losing 50 pounds during quarantine. Complex. https://www.complex.com/music/2020/05/action-bronson-weight-loss-50-pounds
- Prohaska, A., & Ellis, C. (2017). Subversive scholarship or anti-intellectual identity politics? an analysis of media frames of fat studies. Fat Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Body Weight and Society, 6(3), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2017.1293388
- Prohaska, A., & Gailey, J. A. (2019). Theorizing fat oppression: Intersectional approaches and methodological innovations. Fat Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Body Weight and Society, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1534469
- Pryzbyla, H., & Shabad, R. (2022, March 2). White House unveils new Covid strategy for next phase of Pandemic. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/white-house-roll-new-roadmap-address-covid-rcna18268
- Rich, E., & Evans, J. (2009). Performative health in schools: Welfare policy, neoliberalism and social regulation?. In J. Wright & V. Harwood (Eds.), Biopolitics and the 'obesity epidemic': Governing bodies (pp. 157–171). Routledge.
- Rohde, N., D’Ambrosio, C., Tang, K. K., & Rao, P. (2016). Estimating the mental health effects of social isolation. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 11(3), 853–869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-015-9401-3
- Romano, K. A., Swanbrow Becker, M. A., Colgary, C. D., & Magnuson, A. (2018). Helpful or harmful? The comparative value of self-weighing and calorie counting versus intuitive eating on the eating disorder symptomology of college students. Eating and Weight Disorders- Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia, and Obesity, 23(6), 841–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0562-6
- Saguy, A. C., & Almeling, R. (2008). Fat in the fire? Science, the news media, and the “obesity epidemic. Sociological Forum, 23(1), 53–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00399.x-i1
- Saguy, A. C., Frederick, D., & Gruys, K. (2014). Reporting risk, producing prejudice: How news reporting on obesity shapes attitudes about health risk, policy, and prejudice. Social Science & Medicine, 111, 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.026
- Salo, J. (2020, March 24). Obesity increases risks for coronavirus complications: Report. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2020/03/26/obesity-increases-risk-for-coronavirus-complications-report/
- Siahpush, M., Tibbits, M., Shaikh, R. A., Singh, G. K., Kessler, A. H., & Terry, T. K. (2015). Dieting increases the likelihood of subsequent obesity and BMI gain: Results from a prospective study of an Australian national sample. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22(5), 662–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-015-9463-5
- Simon, A. F., & Jerit, J. (2007). Toward a theory relating political discourse, media, and public opinion. The Journal of Communication, 57(2), 254–271. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00342.x
- Sommerlad, J. (2018, June 18). Google News: How does the search giant’s headline aggregator work? Independent UK. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-news-headlines-stories-ranking-algorithm-editors-publishers-journalism-a8404811.html
- Stanford, F. C., Tauqeer, Z., & Kyle, T. K. (2018). Media and its influence on obesity. Current Obesity Reports, 7(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-018-0304-0
- Stimson, B. (2020, May 21). Coronavirus survivor shows shocking weight loss on social media. Newstex Blogs Medical Daily. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5YYB-X091-F03R-N0W6-00000-00&context=1516831
- Stockton, A., & King, L. (2021. August 26). Dying in the name of vaccine freedom. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/21/opinion/arkansas-vaccine-hesitant.html
- Taha, A. E., & Petrocelli, J. F. (2020). Advertising opinions. Tulsa Law Review, 56(1), 79–110. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3740721
- Uwumarogie, V. (2020, May 12). I’ve gained about 12 pounds”: Stars who gained weight (and a few who lost weight) in quarantine. Madamenoire. https://madamenoire.com/1164162/quarantine-weight/
- Vaillant, M., Agier, L., Martineau, C., Philipponneau, M., Romand, D., Masdoua, V., Behar, M., Nesseler, C., Achamrah, N., Laube, V., Lambert, K., Dusquesnoy, M., Albaladejo, L., Lathiere, T., Bosson, J., and Fontaine, E., et al. (2020). Food intake and weight loss of surviving inpatients in the course of COVID-19 infection: A longitudinal study of the multicenter NutriCovid30 cohort. Nutrition. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111433
- Valinsky, J. (2020, September 11). Peloton sales surge 172% as pandemic bolsters home fitness industry. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/11/business/peloton-stock-earnings/index.html
- Weaver, D. A., & Bimber, B. (2008). Finding news stories: A comparison of searches using LexisNexis and Google News. Journalism and Mass Communication, 85(3), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900808500303
- Wells, P. (2020, April 6). To stay afloat, the restaurant business clings to ‘contactless delivery’. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/dining/restaurant-delivery-takeout-coronavirus.html
- World Health Organization. (2022, May 20). WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/