India and Africa in the pandemic imagination

References

• ABVA. 1990. Women and AIDS: Denial and Blame. New Delhi: AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan.
   Google Scholar
• ACSS. 2021. “Lessons for Africa from India’s Deadly COVID Surge.” ReliefWeb, May 29, 2021. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/lessons-africa-india-s-deadly-covid-surge-enarpt.
   Google Scholar
• Agnes, Flavia. 2008. “The Bar Dancer and the Trafficked Migrant: Globalisation and Subaltern Existence.” In Sex as Crime, edited by Gayle Letherby, Kate Williams, Philip Birch, and Maureen Cain, 99–117. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, Aziza. 2011. “Feminism, Power, and Sex Work in the Context of HIV/AIDS: Consequences for Women’s Health.” Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 34: 225–258.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, Aziza. 2013. “Rugged Vaginas and Vulnerable Rectums: The Sexual Identity, Epidemiology, and Law of the Global HIV Epidemic.” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 26 (1): 1–57.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, M. Jacqui. 1994. “Not Just (Any) Body Can be a Citizen: The Politics of Law, Sexuality and Postcoloniality in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas.” Feminist Review 48 (1): 5–23.
   Google Scholar
• Auerbach, Adam Michael, and Tariq Thachil. 2021. “How Does Covid-19 Affect Urban Slums? Evidence from Settlement Leaders in India.” World Development 140: 105304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacchetta, Paola. 1999. “When the (Hindu) Nation Exiles Its Queers.” Social Text 61: 141–166.
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee, Dwaipayan. 2020. Enduring Cancer: Life, Death, and Diagnosis in Delhi. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baviskar, Amita, and Raka Ray. 2020. “COVID-19 at Home: Gender, Class, and the Domestic Economy in India.” Feminist Studies 46 (3): 561–571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhargava, Simran, and David Devadas. 1988. “People Say There is a Lot of Sex on Campus: A.S. Paintal.” India Today, July 31, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Bhura, Sneha. 2020. “‘Red Light Areas Will Need to Be Closed Indefinitley to Protect INdians from COVID-19’: Dr. Sudhakar Nuti Talks on How to Secure the Financial Future of Sex Workers.” The Week, May 19, 2020. https://www.theweek.in/news/health/2020/05/19/covid-19-red-light-areas-need-to-be-closed-indefinitely.html.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, Karen M. 2004. Local Women, Global Science: Fighting AIDS in Kenya. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boyce, Paul, and Akshay Khanna. 2011. “Rights and Representations: Querying the Male-to-Male Sexual Subject in India.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 13 (1): 89–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, Lee. 2020. “Sex Workers Feared to Be Spreading Coronavirus in Tokyo’s Red-Light District.” New York Post (blog). April 2, 2020. https://nypost.com/2020/04/02/sex-workers-feared-to-be-spreading-coronavirus-in-japan/.
   Google Scholar
• Buchholz, Larissa. 2016. “What Is a Global Field? Theorizing Fields Beyond the Nation-State.” The Sociological Review 64 (2): 31–60.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, Antoinette. 2016. Africa in the Indian Imagination: Race and the Politics of Postcolonial Citation. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chakrapani, Venkatesan, Peter A. Newman, Aleena Sebastian, Shruta Rawat, Murali Shunmugam, and Priyababu Sellamuthu. 2021. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Well-Being and Health Outcomes Among Transgender Women in India.” Transgender Health, April.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra, Jagriti. 2020. “Yale to Probe Controversial Study on Sex Workers.” The Hindu, July 9, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Lawrence. 2007. “Song for Pushkin.” Daedalus 136 (2): 103–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalwai, Sameena. 2013. “Caste and the Bar Dancer.” Economic & Political Weekly 48 (48): 131–132.
   Google Scholar
• D’Costa, Lourdes J., Francis A. Plummer, Ian Bowmer, Lieve Fransen, Peter Piot, Allan R. Ronald, and Herbert Nsanze. 1985. “Prostitutes Are a Major Reservoir of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 12 (2): 64–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell, Heather S. 2006. “‘Ordinary’ Sex, Prostitutes, and Middle-Class Wives: Liberalization and National Identity in India.” In Sex in Development: Science, Sexuality, and Morality in Global Perspective, edited by Stacy Leigh Pigg, and Vincanne Adams, 187–206. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• De Souza, Rebecca. 2007. “The Construction of HIV/AIDS in Indian Newspapers: A Frame Analysis.” Health Communication 21 (3): 257–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube, Siddharth. 2019. An Indefinite Sentence: A Personal History of Outlawed Love and Sex. New York: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Dutta, Aniruddha. 2013. “Legible Identities and Legitimate Citizens.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 15 (4): 494–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, T. K. 1986. “AIDS: A Serious Challenge to Public Health.” Journal of the Indian Medical Association 84 (1): 29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghosh, Bishnupriya. 2020. “The Costs of Living: Reflections on Global Health Crises.” In AIDS and the Distribution of Crises, edited by Jih-Fei Cheng, Alexandra Juhasz, and Nishant Shahani, 60–75. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Go, Julian, and Monika Krause. 2016. “Fielding Transnationalism: An Introduction.” The Sociological Review Monographs 64 (2): 6–30.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, Dhruba. 1991. “Indian Perceptions of Africa.” South Asia Research 11 (2): 158–174.
   Google Scholar
• Hazarika, Sanjoy. 1988. “To Fight AIDS, Indian Urges Ban on Sex with Foreigners.” New York Times, June 15, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• The Hindu. 2020. “Lockdown: Over 60% of Sex Workers in Delhi Return to Their Home States.” May 17, 2020, sec. Delhi. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/lockdown-over-60-of-sex-workers-in-delhi-return-to-their-home-states/article31606490.ece.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, Mark. 2010. “Beyond the Male-Migrant: South Africa’s Long History of Health Geography and the Contemporary AIDS Pandemic.” Health & Place 16 (1): 25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, Anrudh K., and Niranjan Saggurti. 2012. “The Extent and Nature of Fluidity in Typologies of Female Sex Work in Southern India: Implications for HIV Prevention Programs.” Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 11 (2): 169–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jayaraman, K. S. 1986. “Indian Science: Visa row Threatens Conferences.” Nature 323 (6095): 194.
   Google Scholar
• Jayaraman, K. S. 1987. “Students in India Object to AIDS Test.” Nature 326 (6108): 4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, T. Jacob, P. George Babu, Harriet Jayakumari, and E. A. Simoes. 1987. “Prevalence of HIV Infection in Risk Groups in Tamilnadu, India.” The Lancet 329 (8525): 160–161.
   Google Scholar
• Kala, Arvind. 1993. “Blame It on the Foreign Hand.” Down to Earth, September 30, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Karnik, Niranjan. 2001. “Locating HIV/AIDS and India: Cautionary Notes on the Globalization of Categories.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 26 (3): 322–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna, Akshay. 2009. “Taming of the Shrewd Meyeli Chhele: A Political Economy of Development’s Sexual Subject.” Development 52 (1): 43–51.
   Google Scholar
• Khatua, Sarani. 2020. “Density, Distancing, Informal Settlements and the Pandemic.” Economic & Political Weekly 55 (20): 16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Khurana, Maya. 1986. “AIDS: From West to East?.” The Nursing Journal of India 77 (8): 207–213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krause, Monika. 2014. The Good Project: Humanitarian Relief NGOs and the Fragmentation of Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krause, Monika. 2018. “How Fields Vary.” The British Journal of Sociology 69 (1): 3–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiss, Joan K., Davy Koech, Francis A. Plummer, King K. Holmes, Marilyn Lightfoote, Peter Piot, Allan R. Ronald, Josiah O. Ndinya-Achola, Lourdes J. D’Costa, and Pacita Roberts. 1986. “AIDS Virus Infection in Nairobi Prostitutes.” New England Journal of Medicine 314 (7): 414–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakkimsetti, Chaitanya. 2020. Legalizing Sex: Sexual Minorities, AIDS, and Citizenship in India. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leigh, Carol. 1997. “Inventing Sex Work.” In Whores and Other Feminists, edited by Jill Nagle, 223–231. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, Philippa. 1994. “Venereal Disease, Prostitution, and the Politics of Empire: The Case of British India.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 4 (4): 579–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, Philippa. 2003. Prostitution, Race, and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mahajan, Manjari. 2008. “Designing Epidemics: Models, Policy-Making, and Global Foreknowledge in India’s AIDS Epidemic.” Science and Public Policy 35 (8): 585–596.
   Google Scholar
• Mawdsley, Emma, and Gerard McCann. 2010. “The Elephant in the Corner? Reviewing India-Africa Relations in the New Millennium.” Geography Compass 4 (2): 81–93.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of External Affairs. 2022. "Vaccine Supply." November 1, 2022. https://www.mea.gov.in/vaccine-supply.htm. Accessed November 4, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Mitra, Durba. 2020. Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mojola, Sanyu A. 2014. Love, Money, and HIV: Becoming a Modern African Woman in the Age of AIDS. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mokkil, Navaneetha. 2019. Unruly Figures: Queerness, Sex Work, and the Politics of Sexuality in Kerala. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moran-Thomas, Amy. 2019. “What Is Communicable? Unaccounted Injuries and ‘Catching’ Diabetes in an Illegible Epidemic.” Cultural Anthropology 34 (4): 471–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nataraj, Shyamala. 1990. “Indian Prostitutes Highlight AIDS Dilemma.” Development Forum 18 (1): 16.
   Google Scholar
• Nataraj, Shakthi. 2020. “Shutting Down India’s Red-Light Districts Won’t Contain Coronavirus.” OpenDemocracy, June 11, 2020. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/shutting-down-indias-red-light-districts-wont-contain-coronavirus/.
   Google Scholar
• National Network of Sex Workers. 2020. "#SexWorkersAdviseHarvardYale." Medium, July 13, 2020. https://medium.com/@nnswdelhi/sexworkersadviseharvardyale-827861f37968.
   Google Scholar
• New York Times. 1987a. “Africa Students Protest AIDS Testing in India.” 1987, sec. Metropolitan News.
   Google Scholar
• New York Times. 1987b. “71 AIDS Cases Recorded in India.” February 15, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, John, Treena Orchard, R. C. Swarankar, James F Blanchard, Kaveri Gurav, and Stephen Moses. 2004. “Dhandha, Dharma and Disease: Traditional Sex Work and HIV/AIDS in Rural India.” Social Science & Medicine 59 (4): 851–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paik, Shailaja. 2022. “Dr Ambedkar and the ‘Prostitute’: Caste, Sexuality and Humanity in Modern India.” Gender & History 34 (2): 437–457. http://doi.org/10.1111/gend.v34.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pais, Prem. 1996. “HIV and India: Looking Into the Abyss.” Tropical Medicine and International Health 1 (3): 295–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, Abhishek, Sudhakar V. Nuti, Pratha Sah, Chad R. Wells, Alison P. Galvani, and Jeffrey P. Townsend. 2020. “The Effect of Extended Closure of Red-Light Areas on COVID-19 Transmission in India.” ArXiv:2006.10488 [Physics, q-Bio], June. http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10488.
   Google Scholar
• Patton, Cindy. 1990. “Inventing ‘African AIDS’.” New Formations 10: 25–39.
   Google Scholar
• Pheterson, Gail. 1993. “The Whore Stigma: Female Dishonor and Male Unworthiness.” Social Text 37: 39–64.
   Google Scholar
• Piot, Peter, Francis A. Plummer, Marie-Anne Rey, Elisabeth N. Ngugi, Christine Rouzioux, Josiah O. Ndinya-Achola, Gaby Veracauteren, Lourdes J. D’Costa, Marie Laga, and Herbert Nsanze. 1987. “Retrospective Seroepidemiology of AIDS Virus Infection in Nairobi Populations.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 155 (6): 1108–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer, FrankA, Herbert Nsanze, Peter Karasira, LourdesJ D’Costa, Joseph Dylewski, and AllanR Ronald. 1983. “Epidemiology of Chancroid and Haemophilus Ducreyi in Nairobi, Kenya.” The Lancet 322 (8362): 1293–1295.
   Google Scholar
• PTI. 2020. “India Can Avoid 72 per cent of Projected COVID-19 Cases by Closing Red Light Areas: Report.” The Economic Times, May 16, 2020. https://m.economictimes.com/news/science/india-can-avoid-72-per-cent-of-projected-covid-19-cases-by-closing-red-light-areas-report/articleshow/75772505.cms.
   Google Scholar
• Puri, Jyoti. 2016. Sexual States: Governance and the Struggle Over the Antisodomy Law in India. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ramberg, Lucinda. 2009. “Magical Hair as Dirt: Ecstatic Bodies and Postcolonial Reform in South India, Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 33 (4): 501–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramberg, Lucinda. 2014. Given to the Goddess: South Indian Devadasis and the Sexuality of Religion. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, Kalyan. 2020. “Close Red-Light Areas, Prevent 72% COVID-19 Cases: Yale, Harvard Study.” Deccan Herald, May 16, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Rege, Sharmila. 1998. “Dalit Women Talk Differently: A Critique of ‘Difference’ and Towards a Dalit Feminist Standpoint Position.” Economic and Political Weekly 33 (44): WS39–WS46.
   Google Scholar
• Reza-Paul, Sushena, Lisa Lazarus, Partha Haldar, Manisha Reza Paul, Bhagya Lakshmi, Manjula Ramaiah, Akram Pasha, et al. 2020. “Community Action for People with HIV and Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India.” WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 9 (2): 104–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubin, Gayle. 1984. “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.” In Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality, edited by Carol S. Vance, 267–319. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sahni, Rohini, and V. Kalyan Shankar. 2013. “Sex Work and Its Linkages with Informal Labour Markets in India: Findings from the First Pan-India Survey of Female Sex Workers.” http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/2369.
   Google Scholar
• Sastry, Shaunak, and Mohan J. Dutta. 2011. “Postcolonial Constructions of HIV/AIDS: Meaning, Culture, and Structure.” Health Communication 26 (5): 437–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, Simanta. 1985. "West Bengal Guards Against AIDS.” Times of India, October 16, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Nayan. 2001. Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Svati. 2004. “Prostitution, Sex Work and Violence: Discursive and Political Contexts for Five Texts on Paid Sex, 1987–2001.” Gender & History 16 (3): 794–812.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Svati. 2006a. “Producing The Spectacle of Kamathipura.” Cultural Dynamics 18 (3): 269–292.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Svati. 2006b. “Solicitation, Migration and Day Wage Labour: Gender, Sexuality and Negotiating Work in the City.” In Poverty, Gender and Migration, edited by Sadhna Arya and Anupama Roy, 2:236–250. Women and Migration in Asia. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Svati. 2014. Street Corner Secrets: Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• V. Kalyan Shankar, Rohini Sahni, Meena Saraswathi Seshu, Aarthi Pai, Laxmi Murthy, and Tejaswi Sevekari. 2022. “Sex Work, COVID-19, and Half-Truths: Results from a Multistate Survey of Sex Workers.” Economic and Political Weekly 57 (19): 49–56.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, A. L., T. R. Singh, and L. S. Singh. 2019. “Understanding of HIV/AIDS in the International Border Area, Manipur: Northeast India.” Epidemiology and Infection 147 (March): e113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sindhu, Arman. 2020. “Modi Doctrine and the Future of Indo-African Ties.” Geopolitical Monitor, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Suprihmbé. 2018. “Black and Brown Sex Workers Keep Getting Pushed to the Margins.” WearYourVoice, November 29, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Tambe, Ashwini. 2009. Codes of Misconduct: Regulating Prostitution in Late Colonial Bombay. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thakur, G. 1986. “AIDS Scare.” Times of India, November 5, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Tharoor, Shashi. 2021. “What’s behind India’s Generous Vaccine Diplomacy?” Channel News Asia, March 15, 2021. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/india-vaccine-diplomacy-serum-astra-zeneca-oxford-covax-china-326351.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1985a. “AIDS Will Spread to Heterosexuals: Around the World.” May 12, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1985b. “Good Prescription AIDS Enters Africa.” May 28, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1985c. “Indian Sex Taboos Ward off AIDS.” September 2, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1985d. “AIDS Kills Their Kindergarten Joys.” September 24, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1985e. "Don't Import AIDS via Blood: Expert." Times of India, December 2, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1986a. “AIDS Centre for Madras Hospital.” May 1, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. 1986b. "No AIDS in India, Concludes ICMR." Times of India, February 19, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Vijayakumar, Gowri. 2018. “Is Sex Work Sex or Work? Forming Collective Identity in Bangalore.” Qualitative Sociology 41 (3): 337–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijayakumar, Gowri. 2021. At Risk: Indian Sexual Politics and Hte Global AIDS Crisis. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wasdani, Kishinchand Poornima, and Ajnesh Prasad. 2020. “The Impossibility of Social Distancing among the Urban Poor: The Case of an Indian Slum in the Times of COVID-19.” Local Environment 25 (5): 414–418. doi:10.1080/13549839.2020.1754375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, Luise. 1990. The Comforts of Home: Prostitution in Colonial Nairobi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead, Judy. 1995. “Bodies Clean and Unclean: Prostitution, Sanitary Legislation, and Respectable Femininity in Colonial North India.” Gender & History 7 (1): 41–63.
   Google Scholar
• WTO. 2022. "WTO-IMF COVID-19 Vaccine Trade Tracker." May 31, 2022. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/vaccine_trade_tracker_e.htm. Accessed November 4, 2022.
   Google Scholar