References
- Abernethy, B., Kippers, V., Hanrahan, S., Pandy, M., McManus, A., & Mackinnon, L. (2013). Biophysical foundations of human movement (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Australian Capital Territory Board of Senior Secondary Studies. (2011). Health, outdoor and physical education course framework. ACT, Australia: ACT Government.
- Ayres, P., Sawyer, W., & Dinham, S. (2004). Effective teaching in the context of a grade 12 high-stakes external examination in New South Wales, Australia. British Educational Research Journal, 30(1), 141–165.
- Bishop, J.H. (1996). Nerd harassment, incentives, school priorities and learning. Ithaca, NY: Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, Cornell University, ILR School.
- Board of Studies News South Wales. (2009). Assessment and reporting in personal development, health and physical education (PDHPE) stage 6. Retrieved from http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_hsc/pdf_doc/pdhpe-assessment-reporting.pdf
- Board of Studies Teaching and Educational Standards. (2012). Personal development, health and physical education stage 6 syllabus. Retrieved from http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_hsc/pdhpe.html
- Bøe, M.V., & Henriksen, E.K. (2013). Love it or leave it: Norwegian students’ motivations and expectations for postcompulsory physics. Science Education, 97(4), 550–573.
- Botswana Examinations Council. (2005). Botswana general certificate of secondary education assessment syllabus physical education. Retrieved from http://www.bec.co.bw/assessment-tools/schemes-of-assessment/bgcse-syllabus/0616-physical-education/view
- Bowen, G.A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
- Bowes, M. (2010). Teaching as inquiry: What has influenced the development of senior school physical education in New Zealand? New Zealand Physical Educator, 43(2), 20–24.
- Bowes, M., & Bruce, J. (2011). Curriculum liquefaction (shifting sands) in senior school physical education in New Zealand: Critical pedagogical approaches and dilemmas. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 2(3/4), 17–33.
- Brustad, R. (1997). A critical-postmodern perspective on knowledge development in human movement. In J.-M. Fernandez-Balboa (Ed.), Critical postmodernism in human movement, physical education, and sport (pp. 87–98). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Bryan, C.L., Sims, S.K., Hester, D.J., & Dunaway, D.L. (2013). Fifteen years after the surgeon general's report: Challenges, changes, and future directions in physical education. Quest, 65(2), 139–150.
- Caribbean Examinations Council. (2012). Caribbean secondary education certificate (CSEC) physical education and sport syllabus. Retrieved from https://cxc-store.com/csec-physical-education-and-sport-syllabus-specimen-paper-mark-scheme-and-subject-reports-ebook.html
- Carroll, B. (1994). Assessment in physical education: A teacher's guide to the issues. Washington, DC: Falmer Press.
- Chan, K., Hay, P.J., & Tinning, R. (2011). Understanding the pedagogic discourse of assessment in physical education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 2(1), 3–18.
- Corbin, J.M., & Strauss, A.L. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
- Cumming, J.J., & Maxwell, G.S. (1999). Contextualising authentic assessment. Assessment in Education, 6(2), 177–194.
- Deacon, B.W. (2001). Physical education curriculum review report. British Columbia: Ministry of Education Curriculum Branch. Retrieved from https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/irp/pdfs/reports/pereport.pdf
- DeCorby, K., Halas, J., Dixon, S., Wintrup, L., & Janzen, H. (2005). Classroom teachers and the challenges of delivering quality physical education. The Journal of Educational Research, 98(4), 208–221.
- Dowling, F. (2011). ‘Are PE teacher identities fit for postmodern schools or are they clinging to modernist notions of professionalism?’A case study of Norwegian PE teacher students’ emerging professional identities. Sport, Education and Society, 16(2), 201–222.
- Dufaux, S. (2012). Assessment for qualification and certification in upper secondary education: A review of country practices and research evidence. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1787/5k92zp1cshvb-en
- Ennis, C. (1997). Defining the dreaded curriculum: Tensions between the modern and the postmodern. In J.-M. Fernandez-Balboa (Ed.), Critical postmodernism in human movement, physical education, and sport (pp. 207–220). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Fitzclarence, L., & Tinning, R. (2005). Challenging hegemonic physical education: Contextualizing physical education as an examinable subject. In D. Kirk & R. Tinning (Eds.), Physical education, curriculum and culture: Critical issues in the contemporary crisis. Deakin studies in education. Basingstoke, UK: The Falmer Press..
- Gillespie, L., & McBain, S. (2011). A critical analysis process – Bridging the theory to practice gap in senior secondary school physical education. Teachers and Curriculum, 12(1), 65–72.
- Golder, G. (2010). 14-19 Accredited Qualifications. In S. Capel & M. Whitehead (Eds.), Learning to teach physical education in the secondary school a companion to school experience (pp. 234–251). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Government of Western Australia. (2014). Physical education studies ATAR course year 12 syllabus. Australia: School Curriculum and Standards Authority (SCSA).
- Green, K. (2001). Examinations in physical education: A sociological perspective on a 'new orthodoxy'. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 22(1), 51–73. doi:10.1080/01425690020030783
- Green, K. (2008). Understanding physical education. London: SAGE Publications.
- Griffey, D.C. (1987). The future of graduate study in teacher preparation in physical education. Quest, 39(2), 174–178.
- Griffith, S.A. (2004). The importance of the physical education and sport syllabus of the Caribbean examinations council in benchmarking accomplishments for the subject at the secondary level. Paper presented at the Second Regional Sport and Physical Education Symposium, Trinidad.
- Hardman, K. (2014). World-wide survey of school physical education – Final report 2013 (978-92-3-100048-5). Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002293/229335e.pdf
- Hay, P.J. (2006). Assessment for learning in physical education. In D. Kirk, D. Macdonald, & M. O'Sullivan (Eds.), Handbook of physical education (pp. 312–325). London: SAGE.
- Hay, P.J., & lisahunter. (2006). ‘Please Mr Hay, what are my poss (abilities)?’: Legitimation of ability through physical education practices. Sport, Education and Society, 11(3), 293–310.
- Hay, P.J., & Macdonald, D. (2008). (Mis) appropriations of criteria and standards‐referenced assessment in a performance‐based subject. Assessment in Education, 15(2), 153–168.
- Hay, P.J., & Macdonald, D. (2010a). Evidence for the social construction of ability in physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 15(1), 1–18.
- Hay, P.J., & Macdonald, D. (2010b). The gendering of abilities in senior PE. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15(3), 271–285.
- Hay, P.J., & Penney, D. (2009). Proposing conditions for assessment efficacy in physical education. European Physical Education Review, 15(3), 389–405.
- Hay, P.J., & Penney, D. (2013). Assessment in physical education: A sociocultural perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Henry, F.M. (1964). Physical education: An academic discipline. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, 35(7), 32–69.
- Henry, F.M. (1978). The academic discipline of physical education. Quest, 29(1), 13–29. doi:10.1080/00336297.1978.10519907
- Hoge, R.D., & Coladarci, T. (1989). Teacher-based judgments of academic achievement: A review of literature. Review of Educational Research, 59(3), 297–313.
- International Baccalaureate. (2014). The IB diploma statistics bulletin November 2014 examination session. Retrieved from http://www.ibo.org/contentassets/bc850970f4e54b87828f83c7976a4db6/2014-november-statistical-bulletin.pdf
- International Baccalaureate. (2016). Sports, exercise and health science diploma programme curriculum. Retrieved from http://www.ibo.org/programmes/diploma-programme/curriculum/sciences/sports-exercise-and-health-science/
- Kamens, D.H., Meyer, J.W., & Benavot, A. (1996). Worldwide patterns in academic secondary education curricula. Comparative Education Review, 40(2), 116–138.
- Kilborn, M., Lorusso, J., & Francis, N. (2015). An analysis of Canadian physical education curricula. European Physical Education Review, 22(1), 23–46. doi:10.1177/1356336X15586909
- Kirk, D. (2010). Physical education futures. London: Routledge.
- Kirk, D., Macdonald, D., & Tinning, R. (1997). The social construction of pedagogic discourse in physical education teacher education in Australia. The Curriculum Journal, 8(2), 271–298. doi:10.1080/0958517970080206
- Kirk, D., & Tinning, R. (Eds.) (1990). Physical education, curriculum and culture: Critical issues in the contemporary crisis. Basingstoke, UK: The Falmer Press.
- Kretchmar, S. (1988). Exercise and sport science. Big Ten Leadership Conference Report (pp. 45–58). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Kulinna, P.H. (2008). Models for curriculum and pedagogy in elementary school physical education. The Elementary School Journal, 108(3), 219–227.
- Lamb, S., & Ball, K. (1999). Curriculum and careers: The education and labour market consequences of year 12 subject choice (0864313292). Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER).
- López-Pastor, V.M., Kirk, D., Lorente-Catalán, E., MacPhail, A., & Macdonald, D. (2012). Alternative assessment in physical education: A review of international literature. Sport, Education and Society, 18(1), 57–76. doi:10.1080/13573322.2012.713860
- Lyons, T. (2006). The puzzle of falling enrolments in physics and chemistry courses: Putting some pieces together. Research in Science Education, 36(3), 285–311. doi:10.1007/s11165-005-9008-z
- Macdonald, D., & Brooker, R. (1997). Moving beyond the crises in secondary physical education: An Australian initiative. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 16(2), 155–175.
- Marshall, J., & Hardman, K. (2000). The state and status of physical education in schools in international context. European Physical Education Review, 6(3), 203–229.
- Masters, G. (2014, 26 November). Assessing end-of-school attainment. Teacher. Retrieved from http://www.teachermagazine.com.au/geoff-masters/article/assessing-end-of-school-attainment
- McKenzie, T.L., & Lounsbery, M.A. (2009). School physical education: The pill not taken. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 3(3), 219–225.
- Mercurio, A. (2008). Re-imagining school-based assessment at the upper secondary education level. Paper presented at the 34th IAEA Annual Conference, Cambridge.
- Ministry of Education Singapore. (2015). Integrated Programmes (IP). Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/other/integrated-programme/
- New Zealand Ministry of Education. (2014). NCEA level 8 physical education. New Zealand: New Zealand Government. Retrieved from http://seniorsecondary.tki.org.nz/Health-and-physical-education/Physical-education.
- New Zealand Official Yearbook. (2012). More students test themselves in New Zealand scholarship exams. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/snapshots-of-nz/yearbook/society/education/scholarship.aspx.
- New Zealand Qualifications Authority. (2014). Proposal for the assessment of scholarship physical education by portfolio/report. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/about-us/consultations-and-reviews/scholarship-physical-education-assessment-change/
- New Zealand Qualifications Authority. (2015). New Zealand scholarship physical education. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/awards/new-zealand-scholarship/scholarship-subjects/scholarship-physical-education/.
- New Zealand Qualifications Authority. (2016). How the NCEA works. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/qualifications/ncea/understanding-ncea/how-ncea-works/
- Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation. (2011). GCE AS and A level subject criteria for physical education. Coventry, UK: Department for Education United Kingdom Government. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/397578/GCE_AS_and_A_level_subject_content_for_PE.pdf
- Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation. (2015). GCE subject level conditions and requirements for physical education. Coventry, UK: United Kingdom Government. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gce-subject-level-conditions-and-requirements-for-physical-education
- Ontario Ministry of Education. (2015). The Ontario curriculum grades 9 to 12 health and physical education (revised). Retrieved from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/health9to12.pdf.
- Penney, D. (2006). Curriculum construction and change. In D. Kirk, D. Macdonald, & M. O'Sullivan (Eds.), The handbook of physical education (pp. 565–579). London: Sage.
- Penney, D. (2008). Playing a political game and playing for position: Policy and curriculum development in health and physical education. European Physical Education Review, 14(1), 33–49.
- Penney, D., Brooker, R., Hay, P.J., & Gillespie, L. (2009). Curriculum, pedagogy and assessment: Three message systems of schooling and dimensions of quality physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 14(4), 421–442. doi:10.1080/13573320903217125
- Penney, D., & Hay, P.J. (2008). Inclusivity and senior physical education: Insights from Queensland and Western Australia. Sport, Education and Society, 13(4), 431–452. doi:10.1080/13573320802445074
- Penney, D., Jones, A., Newhouse, P., & Cambell, A. (2012). Developing a digital assessment in senior secondary physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 17(4), 383–410.
- Queensland Studies Authority. (2010). Physical education senior syllabus. Queensland: Queensland Studies Authority. Retrieved from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/downloads/senior/snr_physical_ed_10_syll.pdf
- Ramatlala, M., & Nenty, J. (2012). Gender as a factor in the prediction of performance in Botswana general certificate of secondary education physical education examinations by coursework and forecast grades among senior secondary school students. Advances in Physical Education, 2(1), 32–37.
- Reid, A. (1996). Knowledge, practice and theory in physical education. European Physical Education Review, 2(2), 94–104.
- Rink, J., & Mitchell, M. (2002). High stakes assessment: A journey into unknown territory. Quest, 54(3), 205–223. doi:10.1080/00336297.2002.10491775
- Sallis, J.F., McKenzie, T.L., Beets, M.W., Beighle, A., Erwin, H., & Lee, S. (2012). Physical education's role in public health: Steps forward and backward over 20 years and HOPE for the future. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2), 125–135.
- School Curriculum and Standards Authority. (2014). Physical education studies ATAR course year 11 and 12 syllabus. Retrieved from http://wace1516.scsa.wa.edu.au/syllabus-and-support-materials/health-and-physical-education/physical-education-studies
- Scottish Executive. (2004). The report of the review group on physical education. Scotland: Scottish Executive. Retrieved from http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/47251/0023740.pdf.
- Scottish Qualifications Authority. (2014). Annual statistics report 2014. Retrieved from http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/74829.html
- Scottish Qualifications Authority. (2015). Advanced higher physical education course assessment specification. Glasgow, Scotland: Scottish Qualifications Authority. Retrieved from https://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/48452.html
- Siedentop, D. (2002). Content knowledge for physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 21(4), 368–377.
- Simmons, J., & Maclean, J. (2016). Physical education teachers’ perceptions of factors that inhibit and facilitate the enactment of curriculum change in a high-stakes exam climate. Sport, Education and Society, 1–17. doi:10.1080/13573322.2016.1155444
- Smyth, E., & Banks, J. (2012). High stakes testing and student perspectives on teaching and learning in the Republic of Ireland. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 24(4), 283–306.
- South Australian Certificate of Education Board of South Australia. (2014). Physical education 2014 subject outline - Stage 1 and Stage 2. Retrieved from http://www.sace.sa.edu.au/web/physical-education/stage-2/planning-to-teach/subject-outline
- Sport and Exercise Science Subject Assessment Guidelines. (2006). National curriculum statement grades 10-12 (general). Republic of South Africa: Department of Basic Education. Retrieved from http://docs.ieb.co.za/view.php?fDocumentId=21297.
- Stidder, G., & Wallis, J. (2013). Inclusive learning and teaching through accredited awards in physical education within a 14-19 curriculum framework. In S. Hayes & G. Stidder, (Eds.), Equity and inclusion in physical education and sport (pp. 161–176). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Stothart, R.A., & Culpan, I. (2012). For the record: An encyclopedia of historical aspects of New Zealand physical education. Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury.
- Tasmanian Qualifications Authority. (2012). Sport science TQA level 3. Tasmania: Tasmanian Qualifications Authority. Retrieved from http://www.tqa.tas.gov.au/4DCGI/_WWW_doc/137073/RND01/SPT315113SportScience.pdf
- Thorburn, M. (2007). Achieving conceptual and curriculum coherence in high-stakes school examinations in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 12(2), 163–184.
- Thorburn, M. (2008). Articulating a merleau-pontian phenomenology of physical education: The quest for active student engagement and authentic assessment in high-stakes examination awards. European Physical Education Review, 4(2), 263–280.
- Thorburn, M. (2010). Integrating knowledge in practical learning environments: Continuing dilemmas for physical education in Scotland. Saarbrucken: VDM Verlag.
- Thorburn, M., & Collins, D. (2006a). Accuracy and authenticity of oral and written assessments in high-stakes school examinations. The Curriculum Journal, 17(1), 3–25. doi:10.1080/09585170600682491
- Thorburn, M., & Collins, D. (2006b). The effects of an integrated curriculum model on student learning and attainment. European Physical Education Review, 12(1), 31–50.
- Tinning, R. (1997). Performance and participation discourses in human movement: Toward a socially critical physical education. In J.-M. Fernandez-Balboa (Ed.), Critical postmodernism in human movement, physical education, and sport (pp. 99–119). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Tinning, R. (2002). Engaging Siedentopian perspectives on content knowledge for physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 21(4), 378–391.
- United Kingdom Department for Education. (2015). Physical education GCE AS and A level subject content. Manchester, UK: United Kingdom Government.
- United Kingdom Government. (2015). Tier 4 of the points based system - Policy guidance. Manchester, UK: United Kingdom Government. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/422731/2015-04-17_T4_Migrant_Guidance_April_15_f.pdf.
- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2003). Physical education graded assessment statistics. Retrieved from http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Documents/statistics/section2/vce_Physical_Education_03.pdf
- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2010). Physical education Victorian certificate of education study design. Victoria: VCAA.
- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2013). Physical education graded assessment statistics. Retrieved from http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Documents/statistics/2013/section3/vce_physical_education_ga13.pdf
- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2015). VCAA international - Educating for a global future. Retrieved from http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/international/Pages/Home.aspx
- Whitson, D. J., & Macintosh, D. (1990). The scientization of physical education: Discourses of performance. Quest, 42(1), 40–51.
- Wright, S.C., McNeill, M.C., & Schempp, P.G. (2005). Standards and practice for K-12 physical education in Singapore: Standards and practice in Asian physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 76(7), 23–25.
- Zeigler, E.F. (1990). Don't forget the profession when choosing a name. Retrieved from http://www.nationalacademyofkinesiology.org/AcuCustom/Sitename/DAM/129/TAP_23_TheEvolvingUndergraduateMajor_12.pdf