Integration or disintegration? Human resource implications of a common corporate language decision in a cross-border merger

References

• Ali-Yrkkö J Hernesniemi H Mäkinen M Pajarinen M 1998 Suomen ja Ruotsin Talouselämän Integroituminen (Integration of Finnish and Swedish Economics, in Finnish), Discussion paper no. 658 Helsinki The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA)
   Google Scholar
• Barner-Rasmussen W 2003 Knowledge Sharing in Multinational Corporations: A Social Capital Perspective PhD thesis Helsinki Yliopistopaino Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, number 113
   Google Scholar
• Barner-Rasmussen W Björkman I 2003 The Impact of Language and Interaction Ties on Interunit Social Capital in the MNC Barner-Rasmussen W Knowledge Sharing in Multinational Corporations: A Social Capital Perspective PhD thesis Helsinki Yliopistopaino Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, number 113
   Google Scholar
• Bastien , DT . 1987 . Common Patterns of Behaviour and Communication in Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions . Human Resource Management , 26 ( 1 ) : 17 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry JW 1983 Acculturation: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Forms Samuda RJ Woods SL Perspectives in Immigrant and Minority Education Lanham, MD University Press of America
   Google Scholar
• Buono AF Bowditch JL 1989 The Human Side of Mergers and Acquisitions: Managing Collisions between People, Cultures, and Organizations San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass
   Google Scholar
• Calori , R , Lubatkin , M and Very , P . 1994 . Control Mechanisms in Cross-Border Acquisitions: An International Comparison . Organization Studies , 15 ( 3 ) : 361 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartwright , S and Cooper , C . 1990 . The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on People at Work: Existing Research and Issues . British Journal of Management , 1 : 65 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright , S and Cooper , C . 1993 . The Psychological Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Individual: A Study of Building Society Managers . Human Relations , 436 : 327 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , T , Gospel , H and Montgomery , J . 1999 . Running on the Spot? A Review of Twenty Years of Research on the Management of Human Resources in Comparative and International Perspective . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 10 ( 3 ) : 520 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• The Economist 1999a How to Make Mergers Work? 9 January 13
   Google Scholar
• The Economist 1999b After the Deal 9 January 19 20
   Google Scholar
• The Economist 2000a How Mergers Go Wrong? 22 July 17
   Google Scholar
• The Economist 2000b The DaimlerChrysler Emulsion 29 July 69 70
   Google Scholar
• The Economist 2000c Schrempp's Trap 25 November 24
   Google Scholar
• Feely AJ 2003 Communication across Language Boundaries Tayeb M International Management Harlow Pearson Education
   Google Scholar
• Feely , AJ and Harzing , AW . 2003 . Language Management in Multinational Companies . Cross-cultural Management: An International Journal , 10 ( 2 ) : 37 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Financial Times 2001 Tongue-Tied in Stuttgart 27 February 19
   Google Scholar
• Flick U 2002 An Introduction to Qualitative Research London Sage
   Google Scholar
• Gertsen MC Søderberg A-M 1998 Different Approaches to Understanding of Culture in Mergers and Acquisitions Gertsen MC Søderberg A-M Torp JE Cultural Dimensions of International Mergers and Acquisitions Berlin de Gruyter
   Google Scholar
• Gertsen MC Søderberg A-M Torp JE 1998 Cultural Dimensions of International Mergers and Acquisitions Berlin de Gruyter
   Google Scholar
• Gummesson E 1991 Qualitative Methods in Management Research Newbury Park, CA Sage
   Google Scholar
• Hambrick , D and Cannella , A . 1993 . Relative Standing: A Framework for Understanding Departures of Acquired Executives . Academy of Management Journal , 36 : 733 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan EA Overmyer-Day L 1994 The Psychology of Mergers and Acquisitions International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 9
   Google Scholar
• Holden NJ 2002 Cross-cultural Management: A Knowledge Management Perspective Harlow Pearson Education
   Google Scholar
• Johns , G . 2001 . In Praise of Context (commentary) . Journal of Organizational Behaviour , 22 : 31 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauppalehti 2000 Aventis Opettelee Saksalais-ranskalaista Yhteistyötä (Aventis Practices German–French Collaboration, in Finnish), 27 September 13
   Google Scholar
• Kay , IT and Shelton , M . 2000 . The People Problem in Mergers . The McKinsey Quarterly , 4 : 27 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Laine-Sveiby K 1991 Företag i Kulturmöten: Tre Finländska Företag och Deras Svenska Dotterbolag: En Ethnologisk Studie (Companies in Cultural Encounters: Three Finnish Companies and Their Swedish Subsidiaries: An Ethnographic Study, in Swedish), PhD thesis, The University of Stockholm: Akademitryck AB
   Google Scholar
• Larsson R Risberg A 1998 Cultural Awareness and National versus Corporate Barriers to Acculturation Gertsen MC Søderberg A-M Torp JE Cultural Dimensions of International Mergers and Acquisitions Berlin de Gruyter
   Google Scholar
• Lohrum C 1996 Post–acquisition Integration: Towards an Understanding of Employee Reactions PhD thesis Helsinki Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration
   Google Scholar
• Louhiala-Salminen L 2002 Communication and Language Use in Merged Corporations: Cases Stora Enso and Nordea Working paper W-330 Helsinki Helsinki School of Economics
   Google Scholar
• Marschan-Piekkari , R , Welch , D and Welch , L . 1999a . Adopting a Common Corporate Language: IHRM Implications . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 10 ( 3 ) : 377 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Marschan-Piekkari , R , Welch , D and Welch , L . 1999b . In the Shadow: The Impact of Language on Structure, Power and Communication in the Multinational . International Business Review , 8 ( 4 ) : 421 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Morosini , P and Singh , H . 1994 . Post-Cross-Border Acquisitions: Implementing “National-Culture-Compatible” Strategies to Improve Performance . European Management Journal , 12 ( 4 ) : 390 – 400 .
   Google Scholar
• Nahavandi , A and Malekzadeh , AR . 1988 . Acculturation in Mergers and Acquisitions . Academy of Management Review , 13 ( 1 ) : 79 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napier , NK , Simmons , G and Stratton , K . 1989 . Communicating during a Merger: The Experience of Two Banks . Human Resource Planning , 12 ( 2 ) : 105 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Nickerson C 2000 Playing the Corporate Language Game: An Investigation of the Genres and Discourse Strategies in English Used by Dutch Writers Working in Multinational Corporations PhD thesis Amsterdam Rodopi University of Utrecht
   Google Scholar
• Olie , R . 1994 . Shades of Culture and Institutions in International Mergers . Organization Studies , 15 ( 3 ) : 381 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton M 1990 Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods 2nd edn. Beverly Hills, CA Sage
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew , AM . 1972 . Information Control as a Power Resource . Sociology , 6 ( 2 ) : 187 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Risberg A 1999 Ambiguities Thereafter: An Interpretative Approach to Acquisitions PhD thesis Lund Lund University
   Google Scholar
• Risberg , A , Tienari , J and Vaara , E . 2003 . Making Sense of a Transnational Merger: Media Texts and the (Re)construction of Power Relations . Culture and Organization , 9 ( 2 ) : 121 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Sales AL Mirvis PH 1984 When Cultures Collide: Issues in Acquisitions Kimberley JR Quinn RE New Futures: The Challenge of Managing Corporate Transitions Homewood, IL Dow Jones-Irwin
   Google Scholar
• Schweiger , DM and Denisi , AS . 1991 . Communicating with Employees Following a Merger: A Longitudinal Field Experiment . Academy of Management Journal , 34 ( 1 ) : 110 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweiger , DM , Csiszar , E and Napier , NK . 1994 . Implementing International Mergers and Acquisitions . Human Resource Planning , 16 ( 1 ) : 53 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Säntti R 2001 How Cultures Interact in an International Merger: Case MeritaNordbanken PhD thesis Tampere Tampere University
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 2000 Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development World Investment Report New York and Geneva
   Google Scholar
• Vaara , E . 2000 . Constructions of Cultural Differences in Postmerger Change Processes: A Sensemaking Perspective on Finnish-Swedish Cases . Man@gement , 32 : 81 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Victor D 1992 International Business Communication New York HarperCollins
   Google Scholar
• Weber , Y , Shenkar , O and Raveh , A . 1996 . National and Corporate Cultural Fit in Mergers/Acquisitions: An Exploratory Study . Management Science , 42 ( 8 ) : 1215 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westwood R Linstead S 2001 The Language of the Organisation London Sage
   Google Scholar
• Yoshihara H 2001 Global Operations Managed by Japanese and in Japanese Taggart JH Berry M McDermott M Multinationals in a New Era Basingstoke Palgrave
   Google Scholar