Work-life balance – a neglected issue among Austrian female expatriates

References

• Adler , N. 1979 . Women as Androgynous Managers: A Conceptualization of the Potential for American Women in International Management . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 3 : 407 – 436 .
   Google Scholar
• Adler , N. 1987 . Pacific Basin Managers: A Gaijin, Not A Woman . Human Resource Management , 26 ( 2 ) : 169 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler , N. 1997 . International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour , 3rd ed. , Cincinnati, OH : South Western College Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , T.D. , Herst , D.E. , Bruck , C.S. and Sutton , M. 2000 . Consequences Associated With Work-to-Family Conflict: A Review and Agenda for Future Research . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 5 ( 2 ) : 278 – 308 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aryee , S. , Srinivas , E.S. and Tan , H.H. 2005 . Rhythms of Life: Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Balance in Employed Parents . Journal of Applied Psychology , 90 ( 1 ) : 132 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axel , M. and Prümper , J. 1997 . “ Interkulturelle Kompetenz durch interkulturelles Training ” . In Internationales Personalmanagement , Edited by: Clermont , A. and Schmeisser , W. 349 – 372 . München : Vahlen .
   Google Scholar
• Badura , B. , Schellschmidt , H. and Vetter , C. 2004 . Fehlzeiten-Report 2003 – Wettbewerbsfaktor Work-Life-Balance. Betriebliche Strategien zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf, Familie und Privatleben , Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Becker , G.S. 1991 . A Treatise on the Family , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Becker , M. 2002 . Personalentwicklung: Bildung, Förderung und Organisationsentwicklung in Theorie und Praxis , 3rd ed. , Stuttgart : Schäffer-Poeschel .
   Google Scholar
• Bernas , K.H. and Major , D.A. 2000 . Contributors to Stress Resistance – Testing a Model of Women's Work-Family Conflict . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 24 : 170 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhanugopan , R. and Fish , A. 2006 . An Empirical Investigation of Job Burnout among Expatriates . Personnel Review , 35 ( 4 ) : 449 – 468 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittner , A. 2000 . “ Reintegration von Europa Entsandten ” . In Personalmanagement in Europa (Schriftenreihe Wirtschaftspsychologie) , Edited by: Regnet , E. and Hofmann , L. 304 – 319 . Götting : Hogrefe, Verlag für angewandte Psychologie .
   Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. and Gregersen , H.B. 1991 . “ A Practical but Theory-Based Framework for Selecting Cross-Cultural Training Methods ” . In International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Mendenhall , M. and Oddou , G. 177 – 203 . Boston : PWS-Kent .
   Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. and Gregersen , H.B. 1992 . Serving Two Masters: Managing the Dual Allegiance of Expatriate Employees . Sloan Management Review , Summer : 61 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. and Gregersen , H.B. 1999 . The Right Way to Manage Expats . Harvard Business Review , 77 : 52 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. , Gregersen , H.B. and Mendenhall , M. 1992 . Global Assignments , San Francisco, CA : Jossey Bass Inc. Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. , Gregersen , H.B. , Mendenhall , M.E. and Stroh , L. 1999 . Globalizing People through International Assignments , Reading, MA, Menlo Park, CA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. and Mendenhall , M. 1990 . Cross-Cultural Training Effectiveness: A Review and a Theoretical Framework for Future Research . Academy of Management Review , 15 ( 1 ) : 113 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , J.S. and Mendenhall , M. 1991 . “ A Practical but Theory-Based Framework for Selecting Cross-Cultural Training Methods ” . In International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Mendenhall , M. and Oddou , G. 177 – 203 . Boston, MA : PWS-Kent .
   Google Scholar
• Boyacigiller , N.A. 1998 . “ The International Assignment Reconsidered: Environmental and Organizational Characteristics to Consider when Assigning US Nationals Abroad ” . In Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management , Edited by: Mendenhall , M. and Oddou , G.R. 148 – 155 . Boston, MA : PWS-Kent .
   Google Scholar
• Brandenburger , M. 1995 . Interkulturelles Management/ Ein Konzept zur Entsendung von Führungskräften unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Auswahl und Vorbereitung , Köln : Bottermann und Bottermann .
   Google Scholar
• Brunn , R. and Hauser , E. 1997 . “ Mitarbeiter ohne Grenzen/ Elemente des Personalmanagements in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ” . In Internationales Personalmanagement , Edited by: Clermont , A. and Schmeisser , W. 503 – 526 . München : Vahlen .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , R.J. 2002 . Organizational Values, Job Experiences and Satisfactions Among Managerial and Professional Women and Men: Advantage Men? . Women in Management Review , 17 ( 5 ) : 228 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Caligiuri , P.M. 2000 . Selecting Expatriates for Personality Characteristics: A Moderating Effect of Personality on the Relationship between Host National Contact and Cross-Cultural Adjustment . Management International Review , 40 ( 1 ) : 61 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Caligiuri , P.M. , Joshi , A. and Lazarova , M. 1999 . Factors Influencing the Adjustment of Women on Global Assignments . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 10 ( 2 ) : 163 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Cassens , M. 2003 . Work-Life-Balance: Wie Sie Berufs- und Privatleben in Einklang bringen , München : Beck-Wirtschaftsberater im dtv .
   Google Scholar
• Cinamon , R.G. 2006 . Anticipated Work-Family Conflict: Effects of Gender, Self-Efficacy, and Family Background . The Career Development Quarterly , 54 ( 3 ) : 202 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , S. 2000 . Work-Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work-Life Balance . Human Relations , 53 ( 6 ) : 747 – 770 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collings , D.G. , Scullion , H. and Morley , M.J. 2007 . Changing Patterns of Global Staffing in the Multinational Enterprise: Challenges to the Conventional Expatriate Assignment and Emerging Alternatives . Journal of World Business , 42 ( 2 ) : 198 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland , A.P. and Nurell , S.K. 2002 . Spousal Adjustment on International Assignments: the Role of Social Support . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 26 : 255 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyle , W. and Shortland , S. 1992 . International Relocation/A Global Perspective , Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Dastmalchian , A. and Blyton , P. 2001 . Workplace Flexibility and the Changing Nature of Work: An Introduction . Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences , 18 ( 1 ) : 1 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGroot , J. , Christensen , P. and Friedman , S.D. 1999 . Work and Life: The End of the Zero-sum Game . Harvard Business Review , 76 ( 6 ) : 119 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djarrahzadeh , M. 1993 . Internationale Personalentwicklung/ Ausländische Führungskräfte in deutschen Stammhäusern , Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitätsverlag .
   Google Scholar
• Domsch , M. , Gurtowski , O. and Lichtenberger , B. 1991 . Der internationale Einsatz von weiblichen Führungskräften/ Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie des I.P.A. Institut für Personalwesen und Arbeitswissenschaft , Hamburg : Institut für Personalwesen und Arbeitswissenschaft .
   Google Scholar
• Dowling , P. , Schuler , R. and Welch , D. 1994 . International Dimensions of Human Resource Management , 2nd ed. , Belmont, MA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Dowling , P. , Welch , D. and Schuler , R. 1999 . International Human Resource Management/ Managing People in a Multinational Context , Cincinnati, OH : South-Western College .
   Google Scholar
• Fauth-Herkner, A. (2001), Flexibel ist nicht genug, München: Datakontext
   Google Scholar
• Fischlmayr, I.C. (2001), ‘In Search of the Best Suited Expatriate/An Empirical Study on the Applicability of Literature,’ Universität Linz
   Google Scholar
• Fischlmayr , I.C. 2002 . Female Self Perception as Barrier to International Careers . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 13 ( 5 ) : 773 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischlmayr , I.C. 2004 . Expatriation – Ein Handbuch zur Entsendung von Mitarbeitern ins Ausland , Linz : Trauner Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Fischlmayr , I.C. and Schroll-Machl , S. 2003 . “ Frauen im Internationalen Management ” . In Handbuch Interkulturelle Kommunikation und Kooperation, Grundlagen und Praxisfelder , Edited by: Thomas , A. , Schroll-Machl , S. , Kinast , E. , Kammhuber , S. , Stumpf , S. and Layes , G. 416 – 433 . Göttingen : Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht .
   Google Scholar
• Forster , N. 1997 . The Persistent Myth of High Expatriate Failure Rates: A Reappraisal . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8 : 414 – 433 .
   Google Scholar
• Forster , N. 1999 . Another “Glass Ceiling”?: The Experiences of Women Professionals and Managers on International Assignments . Gender, Work and Organization , 6 ( 2 ) : 79 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Forster , N. 2000 . Expatriates and the Impact of Cross-Cultural Training . Human Resource Management Journal , 10 ( 3 ) : 63 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Fritz , H. 2003 . Besser leben mit Work-Life-Balance: wie Sie Karriere, Freizeit und Familie in Einklang bringen , Frankfurt am Main : Eichborn .
   Google Scholar
• Frone , M.R. 2003 . “ Work-Family Balance ” . In Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology , Edited by: Quick , J.C. and Tetrick , L.E. 143 – 162 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Frone , M.R. , Russell , M. and Cooper , L.M. 1992 . Prevalence of Work-Family Conflict: Are Work and Family Boundaries Asymmetrically Permeable? . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 13 ( 7 ) : 723 – 729 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frone , M.R. , Russell , M. and Cooper , L.M. 1994 . Relationship Between Job and Family Satisfaction: Causal or Noncausal Covariation? . Journal of Management , 20 ( 3 ) : 565 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebert , D. 1981 . Belastung und Beanspruchung in Organisationen: Ergebnisse der Stressforschung , Stuttgart : Poeschel .
   Google Scholar
• Geschka , H. 1994 . “ Der internationale Manager/ Heute und in Zukunft ” . In Internationales Management/ Beiträge zur Zusammenarbeit, Eberhard Dülfer zum 70. Geburtstag , Edited by: Schiemenz , B. and Wurl , H.J. 23 – 44 . Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert , L.A. 1993 . Two Careers – One Family: The Promise of Gender Equality , Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , B.G. and Strauss , A.L. 1967 . The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research , New York : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Glasgow , F. 1995 . The Dual Career Dilemma . Resident Abroad , : 18 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Goulding , C. 2002 . Grounded Theory , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Grant-Vallone , E.J. and Ensher , E.A. 2001 . An Examination of Work and Personal Life Conflict, Organizational Support, and Employee Health among International Expatriates . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 25 : 261 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , F. 2001 . It's Been a Hard Days Night: The Concentration and Intensification of Work in Late Twentieth-century Britain . British Journal of Industrial Relations , 39 ( 1 ) : 53 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenblatt , E. 2002 . Work-Life Balance: Wisdom or Whining . Organisational Dynamics , 31 ( 2 ) : 177 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus , J.H. and Beutell , N.J. 1985 . Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles . The Academy of Management Review , 10 : 76 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gressierer , C. , Linnenkohl , K. , Rauschenberg , H.-J. and Schütz , R. 2001 . Arbeitszeitflexibilisierung: Die Unternehmen und ihre Modelle , 4th ed. , Heidelberg : Verlag Recht und Wirtschaft .
   Google Scholar
• Groenewald , H. and Neubeiser , A. 2000 . Die Entsendung von Mitarbeitern ins Ausland/ Zentrale Aussagen von Entsendungsrichtlinien zwanzig führender deutscher Unternehmen , 2nd ed. , Siegen : Universität-Gesamthochschule .
   Google Scholar
• Gross, P. (1994), ‘Die Integration der Familie beim Auslandseinsatz von Führungskräften/ Möglichkeiten und Grenzen international tätiger Unternehmen,’ St Gallen, Hochschule für Wirtschafts-, Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften
   Google Scholar
• Guest, D.E. (2001), ‘Perspectives on the Study of Work-Life Balance,’ available at: www.ucm.es/info/Psyap/enop/guest.htm
   Google Scholar
• Guzzo , R. 1996 . “ The Expatriate Employee ” . In Trends in Organizational Behavior , Edited by: Cooper , C.L. and Rousseau , D.M. (Vol. 3) , 123 – 127 . Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Hadler , A. 2001 . “ Personalpolitik für weibliche und männliche Führungskräfte: Verharren im “So-als-ob”-Zustand der formalen Chancengleichheit oder Aufbruch zur Durchsetzung einer faktischen Gleichstellung? ” . In Chancengleichheit durch Personalpolitik/Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Unternehmen und Verwaltungen/Rechtliche Regelungen, Problemanalysen, Lösungen , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Krell , G. 401 – 420 . Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , H. 1995 . Organizational Influences on Women's Career Opportunities in International Management . Women in Management Review , 10 ( 3 ) : 26 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , H. 2004 . Global Careers: Work-life issues and the Adjustment of Women International Managers . The Journal of Management Development , 23 ( 9 ) : 818 – 832 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , M. 1985 . The Executive Family: An Overlooked Variable in International Assignments . Columbia Journal of World Business , 20 : 84 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , M. and Wiese , D. 1998 . The Dual Career Couple: Female Expatriates and Male Trailing Spouses . Thunderbird International Business Review , 40 ( 4 ) : 359 – 388 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , M. , Buckley , M.R. , Novicevic , M.M. and Wise , D. 1999 . Mentoring Dual-Career Expatriates: In Sense-Making and Sense-Giving Social Support Process . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 10 ( 5 ) : 808 – 827 .
   Google Scholar
• Harzing , A.W. and Christensen , C. 2004 . Expatriate Failure: Time to Abandon the Concept? . Career Development International , 9 ( 7 ) : 616 – 626 .
   Google Scholar
• Harzing , A.W. and Ruysseveldt , J. 2004 . International Human Resource Management , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hendry , C. 1994 . Human Resource Strategies for International Growth , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , E.J. , Jacob , J.I. , Shannon , L.L. , Brennan , R.T. , Blanchard , V.L. and Martinengo , G. 2008 . Exploring the Relationship or Workplace Flexibility, Gender, and Life Stage to Family-to-work Conflict, and Stress and Burnout . Community, Work, and Family , 11 ( 2 ) : 165 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofbauer , J. and Fischlmayr , I.C. 2005 . The Feminization of International Assignments: Conquering Empty Castles? . International Studies of Management and Organization, Special Issue on Expatriation , 34 ( 3 ) : 46 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Holtbrügge , D. and Schillo , K. 2006 . Virtuelle Auslandsentsendungen . WiSt , Heft ( 6 ) : 320 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Izraeli , D.N. 1994 . Money Matters: Spousal Incomes and Family/Work Relations among Physician Couples in Israel . The Sociological Quarterly , 35 ( 1 ) : 69 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , S. , Hunsley , J. , Navara , G.S. and Alles , M. 2004 . Marital, Psychological, and Sociocultural Aspects of Sojourner Adjustment: Expanding the Field of Enquiry . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 28 : 111 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jedinger, B. (2008), ‘Female Expatriates on International Assignments: Support Measures concerning Work-Life-Balance,’ unpublished thesis, Johannes Kepler University, Linz
   Google Scholar
• Kahn , R.L. , Wolfe , D.L. , Quinn , R. , Snoek , J.D. and Rosenthal , R.A. 1964 . Organizational Stress , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Kammel , A. and Teichelmann , D. 1994 . Internationaler Personaleinsatz , München-Wien : Oldenbourg Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Kiechl , R. and Kopper , E. 1992 . “ Führungskräfte in fremden Kulturen ” . In Internationales Personalmarketing/ Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Perspektiven , Edited by: Strutz , H. and Wiedemann , K. 111 – 124 . Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , W. and Maddox , R. 1988 . International Management/ The New Frontier for Women . Personell , 65 ( 3 ) : 46 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Kogut , B. and Singh , H. 1988 . The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode . Journal of International Business Studies , Fall : 411 – 432 .
   Google Scholar
• Kollinger , I. 2000 . Der internationale Auslandseinsatz von Führungskräften – Chancen und Risiken eines Qualifizierungsinstrumentes . Industrie Aktuell , 1 : 43
   Google Scholar
• Kollinger, I. (2002), ‘Der Auslandseinsatz von weiblichen Führungskräften,’ unpublished PhD dissertation, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Dept of Human Resource Management
   Google Scholar
• Kollinger , I. 2005a . Women and Expatriate Work Opportunities in Austrian Organizations . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 16 ( 7 ) : 1243 – 1260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollinger , I. 2005b . Der Auslandseinsatz von weiblichen Führungskräften , München/ Mering : Hampp .
   Google Scholar
• Kollinger , I. and Linehan , M. 2008 . “ Women in International Management ” . In International HRM: Contemporary Issues in Europe , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Sparrow , P. , Brewster , C. and Dickman , M. 263 – 288 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Konek , C.W. and Kitch , S.L. 1994 . Women and Careers: Issues and Challenges , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Kraimer , M.L. , Wayne , S.J. and Jaworski , R.A. 2001 . Sources of Support and Expatriate Performance/The Mediating Role of Expatriate Adjustment . Personnel Psychology , 54 : 71 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus , D. 2008 . Weniger Frauen an der Spitze . Die Presse , January 25
   Google Scholar
• Kühlmann , T. and Stahl , G.K. 1995 . “ Die Wiedereingliederung von Mitarbeitern nach einem Auslandseinsatz: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen ” . In Mitarbeiterentsendung ins Ausland , Edited by: Kühlmann , T.M. 177 – 215 . Göttingen : Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie .
   Google Scholar
• Kühlmann , T. and Stahl , G.K. 2001 . “ Problemfelder des internationalen Personaleinsatzes ” . In Lehrbuch der Personalpsychologie , Edited by: Schuler , H. 533 – 557 . Göttingen : Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Lambert , S.J. 2000 . Added Benefits: The Link between Work-Life Benefits and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour . Academy of Management Journal , 43 ( 5 ) : 801 – 815 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamnek , S. 1995 . Qualitative Sozialforschung , 3rd ed. , Weinheim : Beltz Psychologie Verlags Union .
   Google Scholar
• Lauterbach , W. 1991 . “ Erwerbsmuster von Frauen/ Entwicklungen und Veränderungen seit Beginn des Jahrhunderts ” . In Vom Regen in die Traufe/ Frauen zwischen Beruf und Familie , Edited by: Mayer , K.U. , Allmendinger , J. and Huinink , J. 23 – 56 . Frankfurt/ Main : Campus .
   Google Scholar
• Lauth , G.W. , Viebahn , P. and Jesse , J. 1987 . Soziale Isolierung: Ursachen und Interventionsmöglichkeiten , München : Psychologie-Verl.-Union .
   Google Scholar
• Linehan , M. 2001 . Networking for Female Managers’ Career Development . Journal of Management Development , 20 ( 10 ) : 423 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Linehan , M. and Scullion , H. 2001 . European Female Expatriate Careers: Critical Success Factors . Journal of European Industrial Training , 25 ( 8 ) : 392 – 418 .
   Google Scholar
• Macharzina , K. 1992 . “ Auslandseinsatz von Mitarbeitern ” . In Handwörterbuch des Personalwesens , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Gaugler , E. and Weber , W. 534 – 544 . Stuttgart : Poeschel .
   Google Scholar
• Marx , E. 2000 . Vorsicht Kulturschock/ So wird Ihr beruflicher Auslandseinsatz zum Erfolg , Frankfurt am Main : Campus .
   Google Scholar
• Mayerhofer , H. , Hartmann , L. and Herbert , A. 2004 . Career Management Issues for Flexpatriate International Staff . Thunderbird International Business Review , 46 ( 6 ) : 647 – 666 .
   Google Scholar
• Mendenhall , M. and Oddou , G. 1985 . The Dimensions of Expatriate Acculturation: A Review . Academy of Management Review , 10 ( 1 ) : 39 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendenhall , M. , Punett , B.J. and Ricks , D. 1995 . Global Management , Cambridge MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Monka , D. 1992 . “ Auslandseinsatz als Instrument der Personalentwicklung ” . In Internationales Personalmarketing/ Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Perspektiven , Edited by: Strutz , H. and Wiedemann , K. 85 – 94 . Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery , A.J. , Peeters , M.C.W. , Schaufeli , W.B. and Den Ouden , M. 2003 . Work Home Interference among News Paper Managers: Its Relationship with Burnout and Engagement . Anxiety, Stress and Coping , 16 : 195 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , F. 2007 . Work-Life Balance: Contrasting Managers and Workers in an MNC . Employee Relations , 29 ( 4 ) : 385 – 399 .
   Google Scholar
• Munton , A.G. 1990 . Job Relocation, Stress and the Family . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 11 : 401 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Necati, L. (2004a), ‘Gleitzeit’, available at: www.aus-innovativ.de/themen/gleitzeit.htm
   Google Scholar
• Necati, L. (2004b), ‘Vertrauensarbeitszeit,’ available at: www.aus-innovativ.de/themen.vertrauensarbeitszeit.htm
   Google Scholar
• Nordström , K.A. 1991 . The Internationalization Process of the Firm – Searching for New Patterns and Explanations , Stockholm : Institute of International Business .
   Google Scholar
• Pawlik , T. 2000 . Personalmanagement und Auslandseinsatz/ Kulturelle und personalwirtschaftliche Aspekte , Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , J. and Delahaye , B. 1996 . Human Resource Management Implications of Dual-Career Couples . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 7 ( 4 ) : 905 – 923 .
   Google Scholar
• Prognos (2005), ‘Work-Life-Balance: Motor für wirtschaftliches Wachstum und gesellschaftliche Stabilität. Analyse der volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte – Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse’, available at: http://www.ihs.ac.at/pdf/soz/wlb_prognos.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Punnett , B. 1997 . Towards Effective Management of Expatriate Spouses . Journal of World Business , 32 : 243 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punnett , B.J. , Crocker , O. and Stevens , M.A. 1992 . The Challenge for Women Expatriates and Spouses: Some Empirical Evidence . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 3 ( 3 ) : 585 – 592 .
   Google Scholar
• Rau , I. 1995 . Weibliche Führungskräfte/ Ursachen ihrer Unterrepräsentanz und Konsequenzen für die Förderung von Frauen für Führungspositionen , Frankfurt am Main : Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Regnet , E. 2000 . “ Personalbetreuung bei Entsendungen ins Ausland ” . In Personalmanagement in Europa , Edited by: Regnet , E. and Hofmann , L. 282 – 303 . Göttingen : Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Resch , M. 2003 . Work-Life Balance – neue Wege neue Wege der Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben? – Kooperation und Arbeit in vernetzten Welten, GfA Herbstkonferenz 29. und 30. September 2003 , Aachen : Ergonomia Verlag, Stuttgart .
   Google Scholar
• Ruhwandl , D. 2007 . Erfolgreich ohne auszubrennen: Das Burnout-Buch für Frauen , Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta .
   Google Scholar
• Scherm , E. 1995 . Internationales Personalmanagement , München/Wien : R. Oldenburg Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Segerman-Peck , L.M. 1994 . Networking & Mentoring – Frauen fördern Frauen: Netzwerke und Mentorinnen; ein Leitfaden für den Weg nach oben , Frankfurt am Main : Campus-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Seiwert , L. 2006 . Wenn du es eilig hast, gehe langsam , Frankfurt am Main : Campus Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Selmer , J. and Leung , A.S.M. 2003 . Provision and Adequacy of Corporate Support to Male Expatriate Spouses . Personnel Review , 32 ( 1 ) : 9 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , M.A. and Harrison , D.A. 2001 . Forgotten Partners of International Assignments: Development and Test of a Model of Spouse Adjustment . Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 : 238 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , M.A. , Harrison , D.A. and Gilley , K.M. 1999 . Dimensions, Determinants and Differences in the Expatriate Adjustment Process . Journal of International Business Studies , 30 : 557 – 581 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , M.A. , Harrison , D.A. , Gilley , K.M. and Luk , D.M. 2001a . Struggling for Balance amid Turbulence on International Assignments: Work-Family Conflict, Support and Commitment . Journal of Management , 27 : 99 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , M.A. , Harrison , D.A. and Joplin , J.R.W. 2001b . “ Work-Family Conflict on International Assignments: Domain-Specific and Domain-Spanning Stressors and Outcomes ” . In BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management , Hong Kong : Baptist University .
   Google Scholar
• Shea , G.F. 1994 . Mentoring-Helping Employees Reach Their Full Potential , New York : American Management Association .
   Google Scholar
• Shortland , S. and Cummins , S. 2007 . Work-Life Balance: Expatriates Reflect the International Dimension . Global Business and Organizational Excellence , : 28 – 42 . Sept/Oct
   Google Scholar
• Simon , R.W. 1992 . Parental Role Strains, Salience of Parental Identity, and Gender Differences in Psychological Distress . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 33 : 25 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. (1999), ‘Managing the Dual Career Expatriate,’ paper presented at the European Institute for Advances Studies in Management, workshop on Expatriation, 24–25 September
   Google Scholar
• Speer , H. 1992 . “ Internationaler Einsatz von Mitarbeitern: Planung, Integration und Repatriierung ” . In Internationales Personalmarketing/ Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Perspektiven , Edited by: Strutz , H. and Wiedemann , K. 245 – 254 . Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Stahl , G.K. 1995 . “ Die Auswahl von Mitarbeitern für den Auslandseinsatz: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen,' in ” . In Mitarbeiterentsendung ins Ausland , Edited by: Kühlmann , T.M. 31 – 72 . Göttingen : Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie .
   Google Scholar
• Stahl, G.K. (1998), Internationaler Einsatz von Führungskräften, Berlin: Oldenburg
   Google Scholar
• Stahl, G.K. (2001), ‘The Nature and Effectiveness of Expatriate Coping Strategies,’ INSEAD Working Paper Series
   Google Scholar
• Stahl , G.K. , Miller , E. , Einfalt , C. and Tung , R. 1999 . Auslandseinsatz als Element der internationalen Laufbahngestaltung/ Ergebnisse einer Befragung von entsandten deutschen Fach- und Führungskräften in 59 Ländern . Zeitschrift für Personalforschung , 13 ( 3 ) : 334 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Stephens , G.K. and Black , J.S. 1991 . The Impact of Spouses’ Career-Orientation on Managers during International Transfers . Journal of Management Studies , 28 ( 4 ) : 417 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss , A.L. and Corbin , J. 1998 . Basics of Qualitative Research; Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory , 2nd ed. , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sturges , J. and Guest , D. 2004 . Working to Live or Living to Work? Work/Life Balance Early in the Career . Human Resource Management Journal , 14 ( 4 ) : 5 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Suutari , V. and Brewster , C. 1998 . “ International Assignments across European Borders: No Problems? ” . In International HRM , Edited by: Brewster , C. and Harris , H. 183 – 202 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Takeuchi , R. , Yun , S. and Tesluk , P.E. 2002 . An Examination of Crossover and Spillover Effects of Spousal and Expatriate Cross-Cultural Adjustment on Expatriate Outcomes . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 ( 4 ) : 655 – 666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatman, A. (2001), ‘Role Stressors, Interrole Conflict and Well-Being: The Moderating Influence of Spousal Support and Coping Behaviours among Employed Parents,’ A Replicative Study, unpublished Master’s paper, University of Wisconsin-Stout
   Google Scholar
• Taubert , R. and Piorr , R. 2001 . “ Schulung interkultureller Kompetenz/ Bedingung erfolgreicher Internationaler Performance? ” . In Strategisches Personalmanagement in Globalen Unternehmen , Edited by: Clermont , A. , Schmeisser , W. and Krimphove , D. 927 – 944 . München : Vahlen .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , A. 1995 . “ Die Vorbereitung von Mitarbeitern für den Auslandseinsatz: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen,' in ” . In Mitarbeiterentsendung ins Ausland , Edited by: Kühlmann , T.M. 85 – 118 . Göttingen : Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie .
   Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 1981 . Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments . Columbia Journal of World Business , 16 ( 1 ) : 68 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 1982 . Selection and Training Procedures of US, European and Japanese Multinationals . California Management Review , 25 ( 1 ) : 57 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 1987 . Expatriate Assignments: Enhancing Success and Minimizing Failure . Academy of Management Executive , 1 ( 2 ) : 117 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 1988 . Career Issues in International Assignments . The Academy of Management , 2 ( 3 ) : 241 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 1998 . A Contingency Framework of Selection and Training of Expatriates Revisited . Human Resource Management Review , 8 ( 1 ) : 23 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 2000 . “ Human Resource Management, International ” . In The IEBM Handbook of International Business , Edited by: Tung , R. 215 – 231 . London : International Thomson Business Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tzeng , R. 2006 . Gender Issues and Family Concerns for Women with International Careers . Women in Management Review , 21 ( 5 ) : 376 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Zee , K.I. , Ali , A.J. and Salome , E. 2005 . Role Interference and Subjective Well-Being among Expatriate Families . European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology , 14 ( 3 ) : 239 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxin , M.-F. and Panaccio , A. 2005 . Cross-Cultural Training to Facilitate Expatriate Adjustment: It Works! . Personnel Review , 34 ( 1 ) : 51 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , W. , Festing , M. , Dowling , P. and Schuler , R. 1998 . Internationales Personalmanagement , Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Wiegand , H. 1995 . Berufstätigkeit und Aufstiegschancen von Frauen/ Eine (nicht) nur ökonomische Analyse , Forschungsinstituts für Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universität Mainz Vol. 52 , Berlin : Duncker & Humblot .
   Google Scholar