What women and ethnic minorities want. Work values and labor market confidence: a self-determination perspective

References

• Adler , P.S. and Kwon , S. 2002 . Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept . Academy of Management Review , 27 ( 1 ) : 17 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afarian , R. and Kleiner , B.H. 2003 . The Relationship between Grades and Career Success . Management Research News , 26 ( 2/3/4 ) : 42 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Agocs , C. 2002 . Canada's Employment Equity Legislation and Policy, 1987–2000 . International Journal of Manpower , 23 ( 3 ) : 256 – 276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba , R. and Nee , V. 1997 . Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration . International Migration Review , 31 ( 4 ) : 826 – 874 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderfer , C.P. 1972 . Existence, Relatedness, and Growth; Human Needs in Organizational Settings , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alon , S. and Haberfeld , Y. 2007 . Labor Force Attachment and the Evolving Wage Gap between White, Black, and Hispanic Young Women . Work and Occupations , 34 ( 4 ) : 369 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antecol , H. , Kuhn , P. and Trejo , S.J. 2006 . Assimilation via Prices or Quantities? Sources of Immigrant Earnings Growth in Australia, Canada, and the United States . Journal of Human Resources , 41 ( 4 ) : 821 – 840 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avery , D.R. and McKay , P.F. 2006 . Target Practice: An Organizational Impression Management Approach to Attracting Minority and Female Job Applicants . Personnel Psychology , 59 : 157 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey , J.R. , Chen , C.C. and Dou , S. 1997 . Conceptions of Self and Performance-related Feedback in the US, Japan and China . Journal of International Business Studies , 28 ( 3 ) : 605 – 625 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnum , P. , Liden , R.C. and DiTomaso , N. 1995 . Double Jeopardy for Women and Minorities: Pay Differences With Age . Academy of Management Journal , 38 ( 3 ) : 863 – 901 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , M.P. , Harrison , D.A. and McLaughlin , M.E. 1997 . Asian American Attitudes toward Affirmative Action in Employment: Implications for the Model Minority Myth . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 33 ( 3 ) : 356 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Bratsberg , B. , Ragan , J.F. Jr. and Nasir , Z.M. 2002 . The Effect of Naturalization on Wage Growth: A Panel Study of Young Male Immigrants . Journal of Labor Economics , 20 ( 3 ) : 568 – 597 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brief , A.P. and Hayes , E.L. 1997 . The Continuing “American Dilemma”: Studying Racism in Organizations . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 4 : 89 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Burt , R.S. 1992 . Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Calgary Sun . 2007 . What a Waste . February 18. http://www.triec.ca/news/story/140
   Google Scholar
• Carman , J.M. 1992 . Theories of Altruism and Behavior Modification Campaigns . Journal of Macromarketing , 12 : 5 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy , C. , O'Connor , R.C. , Howe , C. and Warden , D. 2004 . Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-esteem . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 51 ( 3 ) : 329 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , C. 1997 . Are Asian American Employees a Model Minority or Just a Minority? . The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 33 ( 3 ) : 277 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Child , I.L. 1943 . Italian or American? The Second Generation in Conflict , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , G.L. and Garcia , J. 2005 . “I am Us”: Negative Stereotypes as Collective Threats . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 89 ( 4 ) : 566 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conference Board of Canada . 2004a . Performance and Potential 2004–05: How Can Canada Prosper in Tomorrow's World? Ottawa
   Google Scholar
• Conference Board of Canada . 2004b . The Voices of Visible Minorities: Speaking out on Breaking down Barriers Ottawa
   Google Scholar
• Conger , J.A. and Kanungo , R.N. 1988 . The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice . Academy of Management Review , 13 ( 3 ) : 471 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coon , H.M. and Kemmelmeier , M. 2001 . Cultural Orientations in the United States: (Re)Examining Differences among Ethnic Groups . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 32 ( 3 ) : 348 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneshvary , N. , Herzog , H.W. , Hofler , R.A. and Schlottmann , A.M. 1992 . Job Search and Immigrant Assimilation: An Earnings Frontier Approach . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 74 ( 3 ) : 482 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darity , W. Jr. 2005 . Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality . Journal of Economics and Finance , 29 ( 2 ) : 144 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E.L. 1971 . Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 18 : 105 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E.L. , Connell , J.P. and Ryan , R.M. 1989 . Self-determination in a Work Organization . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 ( 4 ) : 580 – 590 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E.L. and Ryan , R.M. 1985 . Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior , New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E.L. and Ryan , R.M. 1987 . The Support of Autonomy and the Control of Behaviour . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 1024 – 1037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E.L. and Ryan , R.M. 2000 . The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-determination of Behavior . Psychological Inquiry , 11 ( 4 ) : 227 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dheer , B. and Barnard , R. 1999 . “ Canada's First Generation of Visible Minorities Comes of Age ” . Ottawa : Policy Research Secretariat . Horizons, 2, 3, 16, 23
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt , S.N. 1954 . The Absorption of Immigrants , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , J.R. and Smith , R.A. 2004 . Race, Gender, and Workplace Power . American Sociological Review , 69 ( 3 ) : 365 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenberg , L.E. and Boland , L. 1997 . Eliminating Barriers to Employment Equity in the Canadian Workplace . Journal of Business Ethics , 16 : 963 – 975 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley , S. , Kidder , D.L. and Powell , G.N. 2002 . The Perceived Glass Ceiling and Justice Perceptions: An Investigation of Hispanic Law Associates . Journal of Management , 28 ( 4 ) : 471 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortune . 1999 . The 50 Best Companies for Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics . July 19. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1999/07/19/263098/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Frohlich , N. 1974 . Self-interest and Altruism, What Difference? . The Journal of Conflict Resolution , 18 ( 1 ) : 55 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , S. and Vosko , L.F. 2008 . Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race, and Immigration Status . Social Indicator Research , 88 : 31 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham , A. , Petrides , K.V. , Tsaousis , I. , Pappas , K. and Garrod , D. 2005 . A Cross-cultural Investigation into the Relationships between Personality Traits and Work Values . Journal of Psychology , 139 : 5 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagne , M. and Deci , E.L. 2005 . Self-determination Theory and Work Motivation . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 26 : 331 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gans , H.J. 1992 . Second-generation Decline: Scenarios for the Economic and Ethnic Futures of the Post-1965 American Immigrants . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 15 ( 2 ) : 173 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geddes , A. 2003 . The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , M.M. 1964 . Assimilation in American: Life the Role of Race Religion and National Origins , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grandey , A.A. 2003 . When “The Show Must Go On”: Surface Acting and Deep Acting as Determinants of Emotional Exhaustion and Peer-Rated Service Delivery . Academy of Management Journal , 46 ( 1 ) : 86 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey , E.B. , Siu , B. and Reil , K.D.V. 1999 . Ethnocultural Groups, Period of Immigration and Socioeconomic Situation . Canadian Ethnic Studies , XXXI ( 3 ) : 95 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Higgins , D.M. , Peterson , J.B. , Pihl , R.O. and Lee , A.G.M. 2007 . Prefrontal Cognitive Ability, Intelligence, Big Five Personality, and the Prediction of Advanced Academic and Workplace Performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 93 ( 2 ) : 298 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood , J.N. and Koberg , C.S. 1994 . Patterns of Differential Assimilation and Acculturation for Women in Business Organizations . Human Relations , 47 ( 2 ) : 159 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , A. 1986 . College Experiences and Managerial Performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 ( 3 ) : 530 – 552 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hum , D. and Simpson , W. 2003 . Labour Market Training of New Canadians and Limitations to the Intersectionality Framework . Canadian Ethnic Studies , XXXV ( 3 ) : 56 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Ibarra , H. 1993 . Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: Conceptual Framework . Academy of Management Review , 18 : 422 – 447 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibarra , H. 1995 . Race, Opportunity, and Diversity of Social Circles in Managerial Networks . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 673 – 703 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain , H.C. and Lawler , J.L. 2004 . Visible Minorities under the Canadian Employment Equity Act, 1987–1999 . Relations Industrielles , 59 ( 3 ) : 585 – 609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josephs , R.A. , Markus , H.R. and Tarafodi , R.W. 1992 . Gender and Self-esteem . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63 ( 3 ) : 391 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalev , A. , Dobbin , F. and Kelly , E. 2006 . Best Practices or Best Guesses? Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Affirmative Action and Diversity Policies . American Sociological Review , 71 : 589 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamenou , N. 2008 . Reconsidering Work–Life Balance Debates: Challenging Limited Understandings of the “Life” Component in the Context of Ethnic Minority Women's Experiences . British Journal of Management , 19 ( s1 ) : 99 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , K. and Schumacher , P. 2005 . A Collaborative Project to Increase the Participation of Women and Minorities in Higher Level Mathematical Courses . Journal of Education for Business , 80 ( 4 ) : 189 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , P.S. and Lewis , G.B. 1994 . Asian Americans in the Public Sector: Success, Diversity, and Discrimination . Public Administration Review , 54 ( 3 ) : 285 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kler , P. 2007 . A Panel Data Investigation into Over-education Among Tertiary Educated Australians . Journal of Economic Studies , 34 ( 3 ) : 179 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Konrad , A.M. 2003 . Family Demands and Job Attribute Preferences: A 4-year Longitudinal Study for Women and Men . Sex Roles , 49 ( 1/2 ) : 35 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konrad , A.M. and Linnehan , F. 1995 . Formalized HRM Structures: Coordinating Equal Employment Opportunity or Concealing Organizational Practices? . Academy of Management Journal , 38 ( 3 ) : 787 – 820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kormanik , M.B. 2008 . The Stalled Career: Addressing an Organizational Undiscussable . Advances in Developing Human Resources , 10 ( 1 ) : 50 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Kossoudji , S.A. 1989 . Immigrant Worker Assimilation: Is it a Labor Market Phenomenon? . The Journal of Human Resources , 24 ( 3 ) : 494 – 527 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , J. and Leong , W. 1973 . Comparative Reference Group Behavior and Assimilation . Phylon , 34 ( 3 ) : 289 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Loughlin , C. and Barling , J. 2001 . Young Workers' Values, Attitudes, and Behaviours . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 74 ( 4 ) : 543 – 558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, S., Duxbury, L., and Higgins, C. (2005), ‘An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Work-related Values,’ paper presented at the 2005 Administrative Sciences Association of Canada Conference, Toronto, ON
   Google Scholar
• Maslow , A.H. 1954 . Motivation and Personality , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• McCarty , P.A. 1986 . Effects of Feedback on the Self-esteem of Men and Women . Academy of Management Journal , 29 ( 4 ) : 840 – 847 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay , P.F. and Avery , D.R. 2005 . Warning! Diversity Recruitment Could Backfire . Journal of Management Inquiry , 14 ( 4 ) : 330 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , D. and Quick , J.C. 1985 . Professional Women: Are Distress and Disease Inevitable? . Academy of Management Review , 10 ( 2 ) : 206 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng , E.S.W. and Burke , R.J. 2005 . Person–Organization Fit and the War for Talent: Does Diversity Management Make a Difference? . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 16 ( 7 ) : 1195 – 1210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , W. 1966 . Success Story, Japanese American Style . New York Times , : 20 – 43 . January 6
   Google Scholar
• Podolny , J.M. and Baron , J.N. 1997 . Relationships and Resources: Social Networks and Mobility in the Workplace . American Sociological Review , 62 : 673 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes , A. and Sensenbrenner , J. 1993 . Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action . American Journal of Sociology , 98 ( 6 ) : 1320 – 1350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , G.N. and Butterfield , D.A. 2002 . Exploring the Influence of Decision Makers' Race and Gender on Actual Promotions to Top Management . Personnel Psychology , 55 ( 2 ) : 397 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , G.N. and Butterfield , D.A. 2003 . Gender, Gender Identity, and Aspirations to Top Management . Women in Management Review , 18 ( 1/2 ) : 88 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , G.N. , Butterfield , D.A. and Parent , J.D. 2002 . Gender and Managerial Stereotypes: Have the Times Changed? . Journal of Management , 28 ( 2 ) : 177 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor , R.G.L. 1987 . Differences among Differences: In Search of General Work Preference Dimensions . Journal of Applied Psychology , 72 : 426 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitz, J.G. (2007), ‘Closing the Gaps between Skilled Immigration and Canadian Labour Markets: Emerging Policy Issues and Priorities,’ paper presented at a seminar on Labor Markets in North America: Challenges and Opportunities in an Aging Workforce, organized by the North American Commission for Labor Cooperation and the Centre de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City, November 13, 2006
   Google Scholar
• Ros , M. , Schwartz , S.H. and Surkiss , S. 1999 . Basic Individual Values, Work Values, and the Meaning of Work . Applied Psychology – An International Review , 48 : 49 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbaut , R.G. 1997 . Assimilation and its Discontents: Between Rhetoric and Reality . International Migration Review , 31 ( 4 ) : 923 – 960 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , R.M. and Deci , E.L. 2000 . Self-determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-being . American Psychologist , 55 ( 1 ) : 68 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayegh , L. and Lasry , J.-C. 1993 . Immigrants' Adaptation in Canada: Assimilation, Acculturation, and Orthogonal Identification . Canadian Psychology , 34 ( 1 ) : 98 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seijts , G.H. and Jackson , S.E. 2001 . Reactions to Employment Equity Programs and Situational Interviews: A Laboratory Study . Human Performance , 14 ( 3 ) : 247 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , R. , Sturges , J. , Woods , A. and Altman , Y. 2004 . Career Progress and Career Barriers: Women MBA Graduates in Canada and the UK . Career Development International , 9 ( 4/5 ) : 459 – 477 .
   Google Scholar
• Smola , K.W. and Sutton , C.D. 2002 . Generational Differences: Revisiting Generational Work Values for the New Millennium . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 23 ( 4 ) : 363 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son Hing , L.S. , Bobocel , R.D. and Zanna , M.P. 2002 . Meritocracy and Opposition to Affirmative Action: Making Concessions in the Face of Discrimination . Journal of Social Personality and Social Psychology , 83 ( 3 ) : 493 – 509 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staniec , J.F.O. 2004 . The Effects of Race, Sex, and Expected Returns on the Choice of College Major . Eastern Economic Journal , 30 ( 4 ) : 549 – 562 .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada . 2003a . Canada's Multicultural Portrait: The Changing Mosaic , Ottowa : Minister of Industry .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada . 2003b . Ethnic Diversity Survey: Portrait of a Multicultural Society , Ottowa : Minister of Industry .
   Google Scholar
• Super , D.E. 1970 . Work Values Inventory , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , C.R. and Stern , B.B. 1997 . Asian-Americans: Television Advertising and the “Model Minority” Stereotype . Journal of Advertising , 26 ( 2 ) : 47 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , S. 2007 . Creating Social Capital in MNCs: The International Human Resource Challenge . Human Resource Management Journal , 17 ( 4 ) : 336 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Teske , R.H.C. and Nelson , B.H. 1974 . Acculturation and Assimilation: A Clarification . American Ethnologist , 1 ( 2 ) : 351 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , J.H. and Weinfeld , M. 1995 . “ Entry and Exit: Canadian Immigration Policy in Context ” . In Being and Becoming Canada, Special Edition of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Edited by: Doran , C.F. and Babby , E.R. Vol. 538 , 185 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Trank , C.Q. , Rynes , S.L. and Bretz , R.D. Jr. 2002 . Attracting Applicants in the War For Talent: Differences in Work Preferences among High Achievers . Journal of Business & Psychology , 16 ( 3 ) : 331 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis , H.C. , Bontempo , R. , Villareal , M.J. , Asai , M. and Lucca , N. 1988 . Individualism and Collectivism: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Self-in-group Relationships . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 323 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui , A.S. and Farh , J.L. 1997 . Where Guanxi Matters: Relational Demography and Guanxi on the Chinese Context . Work and Occupations , 24 : 56 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tung , R.L. 2002 . Building Effective Networks . Journal of Management Inquiry , 11 ( 2 ) : 94 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten , M. 2003 . Positive and Negative Self-esteem among Ethnic Minority Early Adolescents: Social and Cultural Sources and Threats . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 32 ( 4 ) : 267 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner , W.L. and Srole , L. 1945 . The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein , E. 2002 . Migration for the Benefit of All: Towards a New Paradigm for Economic Immigration . International Labour Review , 141 ( 3 ) : 225 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , P. , Lai , C.F. , Nagasawa , R. and Lin , T. 1998 . Asian American as a Model Minority: Self-perceptions and Perceptions by Other Racial Groups . Sociological Perspectives , 41 ( 1 ) : 95 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , S. 2002 . Chaeyoun-saving (Face Saving) Due to Korean Job Loss: Listening to Men's Voices . Journal of Comparative Family Studies , 33 ( 1 ) : 73 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , M. 1997 . Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation . International Migration Review , 31 ( 4 ) : 975 – 1008 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , M. and Gatewood , J.V. 2000 . Mapping the Terrain: Asian American Diversity and the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century . Asian American Policy Review , X : 5 – 29 .
   Google Scholar