The impact of organizational and leader–member support on expatriate commitment

References

• Aiken , L.S. and West , S.G. 1991 . Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , N.J. and Meyer , J.P. 1990 . The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization . Journal of Occupational Psychology , 63 : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur , W. and Bennett , W. 1995 . The International Assignee: The Relative Importance of Factors Perceived to Contribute to Success . Personnel Psychology , 48 ( 1 ) : 99 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aycan , Z. 1997 . “ Acculturation of Expatriate Managers: A Process Model of Adjustment and Performance ” . In New Approaches to Employee Management (Vol. 4) , Edited by: Saunders , D.M. and Aycan , Z. 1 – 40 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barbian , J. 2002 . Return to Sender . Training , 39 ( 1 ) : 40 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Barid , L. and Meshoulam , I. 1988 . Managing Two Fits of Strategic Human Resource Management . Academy of Management Review , 13 ( 11 ) : 116 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Bauer , T.N. and Green , S.G. 1998 . Testing the Combined Effects of Newcomer Information Seeking and Managerial Behavior on Socialization . Journal of Applied Psychology , 83 : 72 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolon , D.S. 1997 . Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Hospital Employees: A Multidimensional Analysis Involving Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment . Hospital and Health Service Administration , 42 : 221 – 241 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brislin , R.W. 1980 . “ Translation and Content Analysis of Oral and Written Materials ” . In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Vol. 2) , Edited by: Triandis , H.C. and Berry , J.W. 389 – 444 . Boston, MA : Allyn Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Caligiuri , P.M. 1997 . “ Assessing Expatriate Success: Beyond Just “Being There” . In New Approaches to Employee Management (Vol. 4) , Edited by: Saunders , D.M. and Aycan , Z. 117 – 140 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Caligiuri , P. and Lazarova , M.A. 2002 . A Model for the Influence of Social Interaction and Social Support on Female Expatriates' Cross Cultural Adjustment . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 13 ( 5 ) : 761 – 772 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1983 . Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cropanzano , R. , Howes , J.C. , Grandey , A.A. and Toth , P. 1997 . The Relationship of Organizational Politics and Support to Work Behaviors, Attitudes, and Stress . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 18 : 159 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cropanzano , R. , Prehar , C. and Chen , P.Y. 2002 . Using Social Exchange Theory to Distinguish Procedural Justice from International Justice . Group and Organizational Management , 27 : 324 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danserearu , F. , Graen , G.B. and Haga , W.J. 1975 . A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach to Leadership within Formal Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Role Making Process . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 13 : 46 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , R. , Fasolo , P. and Davis-LaMastro , V. 1990 . Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Diligence, Commitment, and Innovation . Journal of Applied Psychology , 75 : 51 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , R. , Huntington , R. , Hutchison , S. and Sowa , D. 1986 . Perceived Organizational Support . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 : 500 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epitropaki , O. and Martin , R. 2005 . From Ideal to Real: A Longitudinal Study of the Role of Implicit Leadership Theories on Leader–Member Exchanges and Employee Outcomes . Journal of Applied Psychology , 90 ( 4 ) : 659 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , D.C. and Bolino , M.C. 1999 . The Impact of On-site Mentoring on Expatriate Socialization: A Structural Equitation Modeling Approach . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 10 ( 1 ) : 54 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Florkowski , G.W. and Fogel , D.S. 1999 . Expatriate Adjustment and Commitment: The Role of Host-unit Treatment . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 10 ( 5 ) : 783 – 807 .
   Google Scholar
• Fu , P.P. , Peng , T.K. , Kennedy , J. and Yukl , G. 2004 . Examining the Preferences of Influence Tactics in Chinese Societies: A Comparison of Chinese Managers in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China . Organizational Dynamics , 33 : 32 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganster , D.C. , Fusilier , M. and Mayes , B.T. 1986 . Role of Social Support in the Experience of Stress at Work . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 : 102 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstner , C.R. and Day , D.V. 1997 . Meta-analytic Review of Leader–Member Exchange Theory: Correlates and Construct Issues . Journal of Applied Psychology , 82 : 827 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GMAC (2006), ‘Global Relocation Trends Survey Report,’ http://www.gmacglobalrelocation.com/insight_support/global_relocation.asp
   Google Scholar
• Graen , G.B. and Uhl-Bien , M. 1995 . Development of Leader–Member Exchange (LMX), Theory of Leadership over 25 Years: Applying a Multi-level Multi-domain Perspective . Leadership Quarterly , 6 : 219 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregersen , H.B. 1992 . Commitment to a Parent Company and a Local Work Unit during Repatriation . Personnel Psychology , 45 ( 1 ) : 29 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregersen , H.B. and Black , J.S. 1990 . A Multi-faced Approach to Expatriate Retention in International Assignments . Group and Organizational Studies , 15 : 461 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregersen , H.B. and Black , J.S. 1992 . Antecedents to Commitment to a Parent Company and a Foreign Operation . Academy of Management Journal , 35 : 65 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzzo , R.A. , Noonan , K.A. and Elron , E. 1994 . Expatriate Managers and the Psychological Contract . Journal of Applied Psychology , 79 ( 4 ) : 617 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey , M. 1989 . Repatriation of Corporate Executives: An Empirical Study . Journal of International Business Studies , 20 : 131 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey , M. and Weise , D. 1998 . Global Dual Career Couple Mentoring: A Phase Model Approach . Human Resource Planning , 21 ( 2 ) : 33 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Harzing , A.W.K. 2001 . Of Bears, Bumble-bees, and Spiders: The Role of Expatriates in Controlling in Foreign Subsidiaries . Journal of World Business , 36 ( 4 ) : 366 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann , D.A. , Morgeson , F.P. and Gerras , S.J. 2003 . Climate as a Moderator of the Relationship between Leader–Member Exchange and Content Specific Citizenship: Safety Climate as an Exemplar . Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 ( 1 ) : 170 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollenbeck , J.R. and Klein , H.J. 1987 . Goal Commitment and the Goal Setting Process: Problems, Prospects and Proposals for Future Research . Journal of Applied Psychology , 72 : 212 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Insch , G. and Daniels , J. 2002 . Causes and Consequences of Declining Early Departures from Foreign Assignments . Business Horizons , : 39 – 48 . November/December
   Google Scholar
• Kacmar , K.M. , Witt , L.A. , Zivnuska , S. and Gully , S.M. 2003 . The Interactive Effect of Leader–Member Exchange and Communication Frequency on Performance Ratings . Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 ( 4 ) : 764 – 772 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , H.J. and Kim , J.S. 1998 . A Field Study of the Influence of Situational Constraints, Leader–Member Exchange, and Goal Commitment . Academy of Management Journal , 41 ( 1 ) : 88 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogut , B. 1988 . Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives . Strategic Management Journal , 9 : 319 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kottke , J.L. and Sharafinski , C.E. 1988 . Measuring Perceived Supervisory and Organization Support . Education and Psychological Measurement , 48 : 1075 – 1079 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraimer , M.L. , Wayne , S.J. and Jaworski , R.A. 2001 . Sources of Support and Expatriate Performance: The Mediating Role of Expatriate Adjustment . Personnel Psychology , 54 : 71 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latham , G.P. and Saari , L.M. 1979 . Importance of Supportive Relationships in Goals Setting . Journal of Applied Psychology , 64 : 151 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liden , R.C. and Graen , G.B. 1980 . Generalizability of the Vertical Dyad Linkage Model of Leadership . Academy of Management Journal , 23 : 451 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liden , R.C. , Sparrowe , R.T. and Wayne , S.J. 1997 . Leader–Member Exchange Theory: the Past and Potential for the Future . Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management , 15 : 47 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Liden , R.C. , Wayne , S.J. , Kraimer , M.L. and Sparrowe , R.T. 2003 . The Dual Commitments of Contingent Workers: An Examination of Contingents Commitment to the Agency and the Organization . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 24 : 609 – 625 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liden , R.C. , Wayne , S.J. and Stilwell , D. 1993 . A Longitudinal Study on the Early Development of Leader–Member Exchanges . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 : 662 – 674 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major , D.A. , Kozlowski , S.W. , Chao , G.T. and Gardner , P.D. 1995 . A Longitudinal Investigation of Newcomer Expectations, Early Socialization Outcomes, and the Moderating Effects of Role Development Relationships . Journal of Applied Psychology , 80 : 418 – 443 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masterson , S.S. , Lewis , K. , Goldman , B.M. and Taylor , M.S. 2000 . Integrating Justice and Social Exchange: The Differing Effects of Fair Procedures and Treatment on Work Relationships . Academy of Management Journal , 42 : 738 – 748 .
   Google Scholar
• Masterson , S.S. and Stamper , C.L. 2003 . Perceived Organizational Membership: An Aggregate Framework Representing the Employee–Organization Relationship . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 24 : 473 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , J.P. , Allen , N.J. and Smith , C.A. 1993 . Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-component Conceptualization . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 : 538 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moorman , R.H. , Blakely , G.L. and Niehoff , B.P. 1998 . Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationship between Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior? . Academy of Management Journal , 41 : 351 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. and Ryan , K. 1995 . A Meta-analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior . Personnel Psychology , 48 : 775 – 802 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paik , Y. , Parboteeah , K.P. and Shim , W. 2007 . The Relationship between Perceived Compensation, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: The Case of Mexican Workers in the Korean Maquiladora . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18 ( 10 ) : 1768 – 1781 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff , P.M. and Organ , D.W. 1986 . Self-reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects . Journal of Management , 12 ( 4 ) : 531 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoades , L. and Eisenberger , R. 2002 . Perceived Organizational Support: a Review of the Literature . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 698 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoades , L. , Eisenberger , R. and Armeli , S. 2001 . Affective Commitment of the Organization: The Contribution of Perceived Organizational Support . Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 ( 5 ) : 825 – 836 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandura , T.A. and Graen , G.B. 1984 . Moderating Effects of Initial Leader–Member Exchange Status on the Effects of a Leadership Intervention . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 : 579 – 584 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaffer , M.A. , Harrison , D.A. , Gilley , K.M. and Luk , D.M. 2001 . Struggling for Balance amid Turbulence on International Assignments: Work–Family Conflicts, Support, and Commitment . Journal of Management , 27 : 99 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , M.A. , Harrison , D.A. and Gilley , K.M. 1999 . Dimensions, Determinants, and Differences in the Expatriate Adjustment Process . Journal of International Business Studies , 30 : 557 – 581 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore , L.M. and Wayne , S.J. 1993 . Commitment and Employee Behavior: Comparison of Affective Commitment and Continuance Commitment with Perceived Organizational Support . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 : 774 – 780 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamper , C.L. and Johlke , M.C. 2003 . The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on the Relationship between Boundary Spanner Role Stress and Work Outcomes . Journal of Management , 29 ( 4 ) : 569 – 588 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suutari , V. and Burch , D. 2001 . The Role of On-Site Training and Support in Expatriation: Existing and Necessary Host-company Practices . Career Development International , 6 : 298 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• van Knippenberg , D. and Sleebos , E. 2006 . Organizational Identification versus Organizational Commitment: Self-definition, Social Exchange, and Job Attitudes . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 27 : 585 – 605 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne , S.J. , Shore , L.M. , Bommer , W.H. and Tetrick , L.E. 2002 . The Role of Fair Treatment and Rewards in Perceptions of Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 590 – 598 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne , S.J. , Shore , L.M. and Liden , R.C. 1997 . Perceived Organizational Support and Leader–Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective . Academy of Management Journal , 40 ( 1 ) : 82 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar