An empirical study of human resource management practices in family firms in China

References

• Ahlstrom , D. , Young , M.N. , Chan , E.S. and Bruton , G.D. 2004 . Facing Constraints to Growth? Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurs and Traditional Business Practices in East Asia . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 21 : 263 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Arvey , R.D. , Bhagat , R.S. and Salas , E. 1991 . Cross Culture and Cross National Issues in Personnel and Human Resource Management: Where Do We Go from Here? . Reserve of Personnel and Human Resource Management , 13 : 116 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Aycan , Z. 2005 . The Interplay between Cultural and Institutional/Structural Contingencies in Human Resource Management Practices . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 16 : 1083 – 1119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacon , N. , Ackers , P. , Storey , J. and Coates , D. 1996 . It's a Small World: Managing Human Resources in Small Businesses . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 7 : 82 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Barber , A.E. , Wesson , M.J. , Roberson , Q.M. and Taylor , M.S. 1999 . A Tale of Two Job Markets: Organizational Size and Its Effects on Hiring Practices and Job Search Behaviour . Personnel Psychology , 52 : 841 – 867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barron , J.M. , Black , D.A. and Loewenstein , M.A. 1987 . Employer Size: The Implications for Search, Training, Capital Investment, Starting Wages, and Wage Growth . Journal of Labour Economics , 5 : 76 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayo-Moriones , J.A. and De Cerio , J.M.-D. 2001 . Size and HRM in the Spanish Manufacturing Industry . Employee Relations , 23 : 188 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Birnbaum-More , P.H. , Wong , G.Y.Y. and Olve , N. 1995 . Acquisition of Managerial Values in the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 26 : 255 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björkman , I. , Budhwar , P. , Smale , A. and Sumelius , J. 2008 . Human Resource Management in Foreign-Owned Subsidiaries: China versus India . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 19 ( 5 ) : 964 – 978 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björkman , I. , Fey , C.F. and Park , H.J. 2007 . Institutional Theory and MNC Subsidiary HRM Practices: Evidence from a Three-Country Study . Journal of International Business Studies , 38 : 430 – 446 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björkman , I. and Lu , Y. 1999 . The Management of Human Resources in Chinese Western Joint Ventures . Journal of World Business , 34 ( 3 ) : 306 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisot , M. and Child , J. 1996 . From Fiefs to Clans and Network Capitalism: Explaining China's Emerging Economic Order . Administrative Science Quarterly , 41 : 600 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budhwar , P. and Debrah , Y.A. 2009 . Future Research on Human Resource Management Systems in Asia . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 26 : 197 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai , F. , Du , Y. and Zhao , C. 2007 . “ Regional Labour Market Integration Since China's WTO Entry: Evidence from Household-Level Data ” . In China: Linking Markets for Growth , Edited by: Garnaut , R. and Song , L. 133 – 150 . Canberra : ANU E Press & Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carney , M. 1998 . A Management Capacity Constraint? Barriers to the Development of the Chinese Family Business . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 15 : 1 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Chandler , A. 1977 . The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business , Cambridge, MA : Belknap .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , C. 2007 . “ Foreign Direct Investment in China: Trends and Characteristics after WTO Accession ” . In China: Linking Markets for Growth , Edited by: Garnaut , R. and Song , L. 197 – 224 . Canberra : ANU E Press & Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , W. 2007 . Does the Colour of the Cat Matter? The Red Hat Strategy in China's Private Enterprises . Management and Organization Review , 3 : 55 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , X.-P. and Peng , S. 2008 . Guanxi Dynamics: Shifts in the Closeness of Ties between Chinese Coworkers . Management and Organization Review , 4 : 63 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Child , J. 1994 . Management in China during the Age of Reform , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Child , J. and Tse , D.K. 2001 . China's Transition and Its Implications for International Business . Journal of International Business Studies , 32 : 5 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow , I.H.-S. 2004 . The Impact of Institutional Context on Human Resource Management in Three Chinese Societies . Employee Relations , 26 ( 6 ) : 626 – 642 .
   Google Scholar
• Chow , I.H.-S. and Fu , P.P. 2000 . Change and Development in Pluralistic Setting: An Exploration of HR Practices in Chinese Township and Village Enterprises . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 11 : 822 – 836 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrisman , J.J. , Chua , J.H. , Kellermanns , F.W. and Chang , E.P.C. 2007 . Are Family Managers Agents or Stewards? An Exploratory Study in Privately Held Family Firms . Journal of Business Research , 60 : 1030 – 1038 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , F.L. 2005 . Employment Relations in Small Commercial Businesses in China . Industrial Relations Journal , 36 : 19 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• CSP . 2006 . China Laboour Statistical Yearbook, Urban Employment and Composition at the Year-End by Registration Status and Region , Department of Population and Employment Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics and Department of Planning and Finance, Ministry of Labor and Social Security Beijing : China Statistics Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , L.X. and Rowley , C. 2008 . The Development of Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises and Human Resource Management: A Review . Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources , 46 : 353 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daily , C.M. and Dollinger , M.J. 1992 . An Empirical Examination of Ownership Structure in Family and Professionally Managed Firms . Family Business Review , 5 ( 2 ) : 117 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• De Kok , J.M.P. and Uhlaner , L.M. 2001 . Organization Context and Human Resource Management in the Small Firm . Small Business Economics , 17 : 273 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Kok , J.M.P. , Uhlaner , L.M. and Thurik , A.R. 2003 . “ Human Resource Management within Small Firms: Facts and Explanations ” . Research Paper Erasmus University : Rotterdam .
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio , P.J. and Powell , W.W. 1983 . The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Field . American Sociological Review , 48 : 147 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , D.Z. and Akhtar , S. 2001 . The Organizational Choice of Human Resource Management Practices: A Study of Chinese Enterprise in Three Cities in the PRC . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 12 : 946 – 964 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , D.Z. , Goodall , K. and Warner , M. 2000 . The End of the “Iron Rice-bowl”: Whither Chinese Human Resource Management? . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 11 ( 2 ) : 217 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , D.Z. , Goodall , K. and Warner , M. 2002 . The Impact of Economic reorm on the Role of Trade Unions in Chinese Enterprises . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 13 ( 3 ) : 431 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , D.Z. , Lan , G. and Warner , M. 2001 . A New Form of Chinese Human Resource Management? Personnel and Labour–Management Relations in Chinese TVEs . Industrial Relations Journal , 32 : 328 – 343 .
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson , L. 1995 . American Anti-Management Theories of Organization: A Critique of Paradigm Proliferation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fan , G. , Wang , X. and Zhu , H. 2007 . NERI Index of Marketization for China's Provinces: 2006 Report , Beijing : Economic Science Press . (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Flamholtz , E.G. 1986 . How to Make the Transition from an Entrepreneurship to a Professionally Managed Firm , San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Florkowski , G.W. and Nath , R. 1993 . MNC Responses to the Legal Environments of International Human Resource Management . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 4 : 305 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Fujita , M. and Hu , D. 2001 . Regional Disparity in China 1985–1994: The Effects of Globalization and Economic Liberalization . The Annals of Regional Science , 35 : 3 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuyama , F. 1995 . Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity , Harmondsworth, Mddlsx, UK : Hamish Hamilton/Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Garnaut , R. and Song , L. , eds. 2004 . China's Third Economic Transformation: The Rise of the Private Economy , London and New York : RoutledgeCurzon .
   Google Scholar
• Garnaut , R. and Song , L. , eds. 2007 . China: Linking Markets to Growth , Canberra : ANU E Press & Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Garnaut , R. , Song , L. , Yao , Y. and Wang , X. 2001 . Private Enterprise in China , Canberra : Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Golley , J. 2004 . “ Regional Policy and Economic Growth ” . In China: Is Rapid Growth Sustainable? , Edited by: Garnaut , R. and Song , L. 156 – 180 . Canberra : Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gooderham , P.N. , Nordhaug , O. and Ringdal , K. 1999 . Institutional and Rational Determinants of Organizational Practices: Human Resource Management in European Firms . Administrative Science Quarterly , 44 : 507 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman , D.S.G. 1997 . “ China in Reform: The View from the Provinces ” . In China's Provinces in Reform: Class, Community, and Political Culture , Edited by: Goodman , D.S.G. 1 – 20 . London and New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hendry, C., Jones, A., Arthur, M., and Pettigrew, A. (1991), ‘Human Resource Development in Small to Medium Sized Enterprises,’ Research Paper, Department of Employment, Sheffield
   Google Scholar
• Heneman , R.L. , Tansky , J.W. and Camp , S.M. 2000 . Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Unanswered Questions and Future Research Perspectives . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 25 ( 1 ) : 11 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , R. and Stewart , J. 1999 . Human Resource Development in Small Organizations . Human Resource Developement International , 2 : 103 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Hornsby , J.S. and Kuratko , D.K. 1990 . Human Resource Management in Small Business: Critical Issue for the 1990s . Journal of Small Business Management , 28 : 9 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• House , R.J. , Hanges , P.J. , Ruiz-Quintanilla , S.A. , Dorfman , P.W. , Javidan , M. , Dickson , M.W. , Gupta , V. and Li , J. 1999 . “ Cultural Influences on Leadership and Organizations: Project Globe ” . In Advances in Global Leadership , Edited by: Mobley , W.H. , Gessner , M.J. and Arnold , V. (Vol. 1) , 175 – 233 . Stamford, CN : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Huo , Y.P. and Randall , D.M. 1991 . Exploring Subcultural Differences in Hofstede's Value Survey: The Case of the Chinese . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 8 : 159 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , S.E. and Schuler , R.S. 1995 . Understanding Human Resource Management in the Context of Organizations and Other Environments . Annual Review of Psychology , 46 : 237 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , S.E. , Schuler , R.S. and Rivero , J.C. 1989 . Organizational Characteristics as Predictors of Personnel Practices . Personnel Psychology , 42 : 727 – 786 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , D.C. , Li , C. and Owen , A.L. 2003 . Growth and Regional Inequality in China during the Reform Era . China Economic Review , 14 : 186 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalleberg , A.L. , Knoke , D. , Marsden , P.V. and Spaeth , J.L. 1996 . Organizations in America: Analysing Their Structures and Human Human Resource Practices , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Y. and Gao , F.Y. 2007 . “ Regional Differences in HRM Practices – the Case of Family Businesses in the People's Republic of China ” . In Academy of International Business (AIB)–Southeast Asia Chapter Conference Proceedings 1 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Y. and Gao , F.Y. 2009 . “ Factors Influencing HRM of Family Firms in China: An Empirical Study ” . In Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management Proceedings 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Klaas , B. , McClendon , J. and Gainey , T. 1999 . HR Outsourcing and Its Impact: The Role of Transaction Costs . Personnel Psychology , 52 : 113 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , C.L.Y. and Mcgrath , R.G. 1996 . Improving Labour Productivity: Human Resource Management Policies Do Matter . Strategic Management Journal , 17 : 335 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotey , B. 1999 . Human Resource Management Practices of Sunshine Coast Small Firms with Reference to the Prescribed Models . International Journal of Employment Studies , 7 : 79 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Kotey , B. and Slade , P. 2005 . Formal Human Resource Management Practices in Small Growing Firms . Journal of Small Business Management , 43 : 16 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug , B. 2007 . “ Enterprise Ground Zero in China ” . In The Chinese Economy in the 21st Century: Enterprise and Business Behaviour , Edited by: Krug , B. and Hendrischke , H. 113 – 144 . Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. 1996 . Culture and Management – A Study of Small Chinese Family Business in Singapore . Journal of Small Business Management , 34 : 63 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litz , R.A. 1997 . Explaining the Void: Addressing the Opportunity . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 21 : 55 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Lockett , M. 1997 . “ Culture and the Problems of Chinese Management ” . In Comparative Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management , Edited by: Warner , M. 925 – 945 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mackerras , C. , Taneja , P. and Young , G. 1998 . China since 1978: Reform, Modernization and Socialism with Chinese Characteristics , Harlow, Essex : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Marlow , S. 2002 . Regulating Labour Management in Small Firms . Human Resource Management Journal , 12 ( 3 ) : 25 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Marlow , S. and Patton , D. 2002 . Minding the Gap Between Employers and Employees: The Challenge for Owner-Managers of Smaller Manufacturing Firms . Employee Relations , 24 ( 5 ) : 523 – 539 .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , K.E. 2006 . Asian Management Research Needs More Self-Confidcnce . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 23 ( 2 ) : 119 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Mintzberg , H. and Waters , J. 1990 . OECD Employment Outlook , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• NBS . 2006 . China Statistical Yearbook 2006: Urban Labour Force Resources by Region , National Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Labor and Social Security Beijing : China Statistics Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ngo , H.-Y. , Foley , S. and Lau , C.-M. 2008 . Strategic Human Resource Management, Firm Performance, and Employee Relations Climate in China . Human Resource Management Journal , 47 ( 1 ) : 73 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen , T.V. and Bryant , S.E. 2004 . A Study of the Formality of Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium-Size Enterprises in Vietnam . International Small Business Journal , 22 ( 6 ) : 595 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally , J.C. and Durham , R.L. 1975 . Validity, Reliability, and Special Problems of Measurement in Evaluation Research: Handbook of Evaluation Research , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , C. and Entrekin , L. 2001 . Cross-Cultural Value Sets of Asian Managers: The Comparative Cases of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 39 : 79 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Poutziouris , P. , Wang , Y. and Chan , S. 2002 . Chinese Entrepreneurship: The Development of Small Family Firms in China . Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development , 9 : 383 – 399 .
   Google Scholar
• Priem , R.L. , Love , L.G. and Shaffer , M. 2000 . Industrialization and Values Evolution: The Case of Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 17 : 473 – 492 .
   Google Scholar
• Pugh , D.S. and Hickson , D.J. 1976 . Organizational Structure in Its Context: The Aston Programme I , Lexington, MA : Heath .
   Google Scholar
• Quester , P.G. and Kelly , A. 1999 . Internal Marketing Practices in the Australian Financial Sector: An Exploratory Study . Journal of Applied Management Studies , 8 : 217 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Ralston , D.A. , Cheng , Y.K. , Wang , X. , Terpstra , R.H. and He , W. 1996 . The Cosmopolitan Chinese Manager: Findings of Study on Managerial Values Across the Six Regions of China . Journal of International Management , 2 : 79 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Ralston , D.A. , Gustafson , D.J. , Cheung , F. and Terpstra , R.H. 1993 . Differences in Managerial Values: A Study of US, Hong Kong and PRC Managers . Journal of International Business Studies , 24 ( 2 ) : 249 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ralston , D.A. , Holt , D.H. , Terpstra , R.H. and Yu , K.-C. 1997 . The Impact of National Culture and Economic Ideology on Managerial Work Values: A Study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China . Journal of International Business Studies , 28 ( 1 ) : 177 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ralston , D.A. , Terpstra-Tong , J. , Terpstra , R.H. , Wang , X. and Egri , C. 2006 . Today's State-Owned Enterprisers of China: Are They Dying Dinosaurs or Dynamic Dynamos? . Strategic Management Journal , 27 : 825 – 843 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redding , G. 1990 . The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism , Berlin : Walter de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Redding , S.G. 1997 . “ The Chinese Family Business ” . In Comparative Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management , Edited by: Warner , M. 841 – 885 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Redding , G. 2005 . The Thick Description and Comparison of Societal Systems of Capitalism . Journal of International Business Studies , 36 : 123 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redding , G. and Witt , M.A. 2009 . China's Business System and Its Future Trajectory . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 26 : 381 – 399 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redfern , K. and Crawford , J. 2008 . Regional Differences in Business Ethics in the People's Republic of China: A Multidimensional Approach to the Effects of Modernization . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 11 : 48 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Robert , P.W. and Greenwood , R. 1997 . Integrating Transaction Cost and Institutional Theories: Toward a Constrained Efficiency Framework for Understanding Organizational Design Adoption . Academy of Management Review , 22 : 346 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Roy , A. , Walters , P.G. and Luk , S.T. 2001 . Chinese Puzzles and Paradoxes: Conducting Business Research in China . Journal of Business Research , 52 : 203 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciascia , S. and Mazzola , P. 2008 . Family Involvement in Ownership and Management: Exploring Non-linear Effects on Performance . Family Business Review , 21 : 331 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze , W.S. , Lubatkin , M.H. and Dino , R.N. 2003 . Towards a Theory of Agency and Altruism in Family Firms . Journal of Business Venturing , 18 : 473 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze , W.S. , Lubatkin , M.H. , Dino , R.N. and Buchholtz , A.K. 2001 . Agency Relationships in Family Firms: Theory and Evidence . Organization Science , 12 : 99 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuler , R.S. , Budhwar , P. and Florkowski , G.W. 2002 . International Human Resource Management: Review and Critique . International Journal of Management Reviews , 4 ( 1 ) : 41 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , R.W. 1995 . Institutions and Organizations , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , R.W. 2001 . Institutions and Organizations , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. 2004 . An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future . Family Business Review , 17 : 1 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Shi , X. 2001 . Antecedent Factors of International Business Negotiations in the China Context . Management International Review , 41 : 63 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Sinha , J.B.P. 1997 . “ A Cultural Perspective on Organizational Behaviour in India ” . In New Perspectives on International Industrial/Organizational Psychology , Edited by: Earley , P.C. and Erez , M. 53 – 75 . San Francisco, CA : The New Lexington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stening , B. and Zhang , M.Y. 2007 . Methodological Challenges Confronted When Conducting Management Research in China . International Journal of Cross Cultural Management , 7 : 121 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Tregaskis , O. and Brewster , C. 2006 . Converging or Diverging? A Comparative Analysis of Trends in Contingent Employment Practice in Europe over a Decade . Journal of International Business Studies , 37 ( 1 ) : 111 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang , E.W.K. 1994 . Human Resource Mangement Problems in Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures . International Journal of Manpower , 15 : 139 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsui , A.S. , Schoonhoven , C.B. , Meyer , M.W. , Lau , C.-M. and Milkovich , G.T. 2004 . Organization and Management in the Midst of Societal Transformation:The People's Republic of China . Organization Science , 15 : 133 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Glinow , M.A. , Drost , E.A. and Teagarden , M.B. 2002 . Converging on IHRM Best Practices: Lessons Learned from a Globally Distributed Consortium on Theory and Practice . Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources , 40 : 146 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Wagner , J. 1997 . Firm Size and Job Quality: A Survey of the Evidence from the Germany . Small Business Economics , 9 : 411 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X. 1998 . The Impacts of Cultural Differences on China's Regional Economy . Productivity Analysis , 2 : 56 – 58 . (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Wang , X. 2004 . “ Marketization in China: Progress and Prospects ” . In China: Is Rapid Growth Sustainable? , Edited by: Garnaut , R. and Song , L. 118 – 136 . Canberra : Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , X. , Fan , G. and Zhu , H. 2007 . “ Marketization in China: Progress and Contribution to Growth ” . In China: Linking Markets for Growth , Edited by: Garnaut , R. and Song , L. 30 – 44 . Canberra : ANU E Press & Asia Pacific Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Z.M. and Wang , S. 2008 . Modelling Regional HRM Strategies in China: An Entrepreneurship Perspective . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 19 ( 5 ) : 945 – 963 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 1997 . “ Human Resource Management “with Chinese Characteristics” . In Comparative Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management , Edited by: Warner , M. 960 – 978 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 2008 . Reassessing Human Resource Management “with Chinese Characteristics” . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 19 ( 5 ) : 771 – 801 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner , M. 2009 . “Making sense” of HRM in China: Setting the scene . International Journal of Human Resource Management , 20 ( 11 ) : 2169 – 2193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidenbaum , M. and Hughes , S. 1996 . Bamboo Network: How Expatriate Chinese Entrepreneurs Are Creating a New Economic Superpower in Asia , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Westhead , P. and Storey , D. 1996 . Management Training and Small Firm Performance: Why Is the Link So Weak? . International Small Business Journal , 14 : 13 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitley , R. 1992 . Business Systems in East Asia: Firms, Markets and Societies , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Whyte , M.K. 1995 . The Social Roots of China's Economic Development . The China Quarterly , 144 : 999 – 1019 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins , S. 2001 . International Briefing 9: Training and Development in the United Arab Emirates . International Journal of Training and Development , 5 : 153 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , A. 1999 . Employment Relations in SMEs . Employment Relations , 21 : 206 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Wong , C.-S. , Hui , C. , Wong , Y.-T. and Law , K.S. 2001 . The Significant Role of Chinese Employees’ Organizational Commitment: Implications for Managing Employees in Chinese Societies . Journal of World Business , 26 : 326 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , S.L. 1985 . The Chinese Business Firm: A Model . The British Journal of Sociology , 36 ( 1 ) : 58 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , T.-T. , Ngo , H.-Y. and Wong , C.-S. 2006 . Perceived Organizational Justice, Trust, and OCB: A Study of Chinese Workers in Joint Ventures and State-Owned Enterprises . Journal of World Business , 41 : 344 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , M. , Filatotchev , I. , Hoskisson , R.E. and Peng , M.W. 2005 . Strategy Research in Emerging Economies: Challenging the Conventional Wisdoms . Journal of Management Studies , 42 : 1 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , P.M. , Szeto , W.F. and Cheng , L.T.W. 2002 . Guanxi and Professional Conduct in China: A Management Development Perspective . Human Resource Management , 13 : 156 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Z. (2007), ‘China's Cheap Labour Pool Drying Up,’ China Business, 17 June
   Google Scholar
• Yan , J. and Sorenson , R.L. 2004 . The Influence of Confucian Ideology on Conflict in Chinese Family Business . International Journal of Cross Cultural Management , 4 : 5 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , M.N. , Peng , M.W. , Ahlstrom , D. , Bruton , G.D. and Jiang , Y. 2008 . Corporate Governance in Emerging Economies: A Review of the Principal–Principal Perspective . Journal of Management Studies , 45 : 196 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , S. 1989 . Policy, Practice and Private Sector in China . Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs , January : 57 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. and Ma , H. 2009 . Adoption of Professional Management in Chinese Family Business: A Multilevel Analysis of Impetuses and Impediments . Asia Pacific Journal of Management , 26 : 119 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, X. (2006), ‘Private Firms Powering China Economy,’ News Daily, 22 September
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , C.J. and Dowling , P.J. 1994 . The Impact of Economic System Upon Human Resource Management . Human Resource Planning , 17 : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , Y. , Warner , M. and Rowley , C. 2007 . Human resource management with “Asian” characteristics: A hybrid people-management system in East Asia . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18 : 745 – 768 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker , L.G. 1987 . Institutional Theory of Organization . Annual Review of Sociology , 13 : 443 – 464 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar