2,234
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Introducing a cognitive approach in research about generational differences: the case of motivation

Pages 2911-2951 | Received 22 Jan 2018, Accepted 15 Apr 2019, Published online: 22 Jun 2019

References

  • Alwin, D. F., & McCammon, R. J. (2007). Rethinking generations. Research in Human Development, 4(3–4), 219–237. doi:10.1080/15427600701663072
  • Appelbaum, S. H., Serena, M., & Shapiro, B. T. (2005). Generation X and the boomers: Organizational myths and literary realities. Management Research News, 27, 1–28. doi:10.1108/01409170410784635
  • Arsenault, P. M. (2004). Validating generational differences: A legitimate diversity and leadership issue. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25, 124–141. doi:10.1108/01437730410521813
  • Biggs, S., Haapala, I., & Lowenstein, A. (2011). Exploring generational intelligence as a model for examining the process of intergenerational relationships. Ageing and Society, 31(7), 1107–1124. doi:10.1017/S0144686X10000978
  • Bolton, R. N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., … Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: A review and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 245–267. doi:10.1108/09564231311326987
  • Brown, M. A. (1976). Values – A necessary but neglected ingredient of motivation on the job. Academy of Management Review, 1(4), 15–21. doi:10.5465/amr.1976.4396236
  • Campbell, W. K., Campbell, S. M., Siedor, L. E., & Twenge, J. M. (2015). Generational differences are real and useful. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(3), 324–331. doi:10.1017/iop.2015.43
  • Cennamo, L., & Gardner, D. (2008). Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-organisation values fit. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 891–906. doi:10.1108/02683940810904385
  • Chen, P., & Choi, Y. (2008). Generational differences in work values: A study of hospital management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(6), 595–615. doi:10.1108/09596110810892182
  • Cogin, J. (2012). Are generational differences in work values fact or fiction? Multi-country evidence and implications. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(11), 2268–2294. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.610967
  • Costanza, D. P., & Finkelstein, L. (2015). Generationally based differences in the workplace: Is there a there there? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(3), 308–323. doi:10.1017/iop.2015.15
  • De Hauw, S., & De Vos, A. (2010). Millennials’ career perspective and psychological contract expectations: Does the recession lead to lowered expectations?. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 293–302. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9162-9
  • Deal, J. J., Stawiski, S., Graves, L., Gentry, W. A., Weber, T. J., & Ruderman, M. (2013). Motivation at work: Which matters more, generation or managerial level? Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 65(1), 1–16. doi:10.1037/a0032693
  • Denscombe, M. (2014). The good research guide: For small-scale social research projects. Maidenhead: Open Universtiy Press.
  • Dose, J. (1997). Work values: An integrative framework and illustrative application to organizational socialization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(3), 219–241. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00645.x
  • Dries, N., Pepermans, R., & De Kerpel, E. (2008). Exploring four generations' beliefs about career. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 907–928. doi:10.1108/02683940810904394
  • Easterby-Smith, M. (1980). The design, analysis and interpretation of repertory grids. Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 13(1), 3–24. doi:10.1016/S0020-7373(80)80032-0
  • Eden, C. (1988). Cognitive mapping. European Journal of Operational Research, 36(1), 1–13. doi:10.1016/0377-2217(88)90002-1
  • Edwards, H. M., McDonald, S., & Young, M. S. (2009). The repertory grid technique: Its place in empirical software engineering research. Information and Software Technology, 51(4), 785–798. doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2008.08.008
  • Fassin, Y., Van Rossem, A., & Buelens, M. (2011). Small-business owner-managers' perceptions of business ethics and CSR-related concepts. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 425–453. doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0586-y
  • Foster, K. (2013). Generation and discourse in working life stories. The British Journal of Sociology, 64(2), 195–215. doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12014
  • Ginsberg, A. (1989). Construing the business portfolio: A cognitive model of diversification. Journal of Management Studies, 26(4), 417–438. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1989.tb00737.x
  • Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G.-Q., & Karadag, E. (2013). Generational differences in work values and attitudes among frontline and service contact employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32, 40–49. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.04.002
  • Gursoy, D., Maier, T. A., & Chi, C. G. (2008). Generational differences: An examination of work values and generational gaps in the hospitality workforce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(3), 448–458. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.11.002
  • Hackman, R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250–279.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall International.
  • Hansen, J.-I. C., & Leuty, M. E. (2012). Work values across generations. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), 34–52. doi:10.1177/1069072711417163
  • Hershatter, A., & Epstein, M. (2010). Millennials and the world of work: An organization and management perspective. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 211–223. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9160-y
  • Hodgkinson, G. P. (1997). The cognitive analysis of competitive structures: A review and critique. Human Relations, 50(6), 625–654. doi:10.1177/001872679705000601
  • Hodgkinson, G. P. (2005). Images of the competitive space. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave.
  • Jankowicz, D. (2003). The easy guide to repertory grids. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Jetten, J., Hogg, M. A., & Mullin, B.-A. (2000). Ingroup variability and motivation to reduce subjective uncertainty. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(2), 184–198. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.4.2.184
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Joshi, A., Dencker, J. C., & Franz, G. (2011). Generations in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, 177–205. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.002
  • Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2000). Generation X and the public employee. Public Personnel Management, 29(1), 55–74. doi:10.1177/009102600002900105
  • Kelly, G. (1955). Volume one: A theory of personality. New York: Norton.
  • Kooij, D. T. A. M., De Lange, A. H., Jansen, P. G. W., Kanfer, R., & Dikkers, J. S. E. (2011). Age and work-related motives: Results of a meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(2), 197–225. doi:10.1002/job.665
  • Krahn, H. J., & Galambos, N. L. (2014). Work values and beliefs of ‘Generation X’ and ‘Generation Y’. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(1), 92–112. doi:10.1080/13676261.2013.815701
  • Kultalahti, S., & Viitala, R. (2014). Sufficient challenges and a weekend ahead - Generation Y describing motivation at work. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(4), 569–582. doi:10.1108/JOCM-05-2014-0101
  • Lamm, E., & Meeks, M. D. (2009). Workplace fun: The moderating effects of generational differences. Employee Relations, 31(6), 613–631. doi:10.1108/01425450910991767
  • Latham, G. P., & Ernst, C. T. (2006). Keys to motivating tommorrow's workforce. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 181–198. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.014
  • Latham, G. P., & Pinder, G. C. (2005). Work motivation theory and reserach at the dawn of the twenty first century. Annual Review of Psychology, 56(1), 485–516. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142105
  • Leonard, N. H., Beauvais, L. L., & Scholl, R. W. (1999). Work motivation: The incorporation of self based processes. Human Relations, 52(8), 969–998. doi:10.1177/001872679905200801
  • Lyons, S. T., Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2005). An empirical assessment of generational differences in work-related values. Human Resources Management, 26, 62–71.
  • Lyons, S. T., Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2007). An empirical assessment of generational differences in basic human values. Psychological Reports, 101(6), 339–352. doi:10.2466/PR0.101.6.339-352
  • Lyons, S. T., Higgins, C., & Duxbury, L. (2010). Work values: Development of a new three-dimensional structure based on confirmatory smallest space analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 969–1002.
  • Lyons, S. T., & Kuron, L. (2014). Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 139–157.
  • Lyons, S. T., & Schweitzer, L. (2017). A qualitative exploration of generational identity: Making sense of young and old in the context of today's workplace. Work, Aging and Retirement, 3, 209–224.
  • Mannheim, K. (1952). The problem of generations. In K. Mannheim (Ed.), Essays on the sociology of knowledge. London: RKP.
  • McClelland, D. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: An Nostrand.
  • Myers, K. K., & Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the workplace: A communication perspective on millennials' organizational relationships and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 225–238. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9172-7
  • Ng, E. S. W., Schweitzer, L., & Lyons, S. T. (2010). New generation, great expectations: A field study of the millennial generation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 281–292. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9159-4
  • Parks, L., & Guay, R. P. (2009). Personality, values, and motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(7), 675–684. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.002
  • Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2009). Tapping into talent: The age factor and generation issues. Research into practice. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
  • Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), 79–96. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x
  • Pilcher, J. (1994). Mannheim's sociology of generations: An undervalued legacy. The British Journal of Sociology, 45(3), 481–495. doi:10.2307/591659
  • Porac, J., Thomas, H., & Baden-Fuller, C. (1989). Competitive groups as cognitive communities: The case of the Scottish knitwear industry. Journal of Management Studies, 15, 397–416. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1989.tb00736.x
  • Rhodes, S. R. (1983). Age-related differences in work attitudes and behavior: A review and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 93, 328.
  • Ros, M., Schwartz, S. H., & Surkiss, S. (1999). Basic individual values, work values, and the meaning of work. Applied Psychology, 48(1), 49–71. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00048.x
  • Rudolph, C. W., & Zacher, H. (2017). Considering generations from a lifespan perspective. Work, Aging and Retirement, 3, 113–129.
  • Ryan, J., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
  • Ryder, N. B. (1965). The cohort as a concept in the study of social change. American Sociological Review, 30(6), 843–861. doi:10.2307/2090964
  • Sagie, A., Elizur, D., & Koslowsky, M. (1996). Work values: A theoretical overview and a model of their effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(S1), 503–514. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199612)17:1+<503::AID-JOB820>3.0.CO;2-Q
  • Schuman, H., & Scott, J. (1989). Generations and collective memories. American Sociological Review of General Psychology, 54(3), 359–381. doi:10.2307/2095611
  • Smola, K. W., & Sutton, C. D. (2002). Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 363–382. doi:10.1002/job.147
  • Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information, 13(2), 65–93. doi:10.1177/053901847401300204
  • Terjesen, S., Vinnicombe, S., & Freeman, C. (2007). Attracting Generation Y graduates: Organisational attributes, likelihood to apply and sex differences. Career Development International, 12(6), 504–522. doi:10.1108/13620430710821994
  • Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research (pp. 77–122). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  • Twenge, J. M. (2010). A review of the empirical evidence on generational differences in work attitudes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 201–210. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9165-6
  • Twenge, J. M., Campbell, K. W., & Freeman, E. C. (2012). Generational differences in young adults' life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966-2009. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1045–1062. doi:10.1037/a0027408
  • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, S. M. (2008). Generational differences in psychological traits and their impact on the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 862–877. doi:10.1108/02683940810904367
  • Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1117–1142. doi:10.1177/0149206309352246
  • Urick, M. J. (2012). Exploring generational identity: A multiparadigm approach. The Journal of Business Diversity, 12, 103–115.
  • Urick, M. J. (2014). The presentation of self: Dramaturgical theory and generations in organizations. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(4), 398–412. doi:10.1080/15350770.2014.961829
  • Urick, M. (2017). Adapting training to meet the preferred learning styles of different generations. International Journal of Training and Development, 21(1), 53–59. doi:10.1111/ijtd.12093
  • Urick, M. J., & Hollensbe, E. C. (2014). Towards an Identity-based perspective of generations, In E. Parry (Ed.), Generational diversity at work: New research perspectives (pp. 114–128). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
  • Urick, M. J., Hollensbe, E. C., Masterson, E. C., & Lyons, S. T. (2016). Understanding and managing intergenerational conflict: An examination of influences and strategies. Work, Aging and Retirement, 3, 166–185.
  • Van Rossem, A. H. (2019). Generations as social categories: An exploratory cognitive study of generational identity and generational stereotypes in a multigenerational workforce. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(4), 434–455. doi:10.1002/job.2341
  • Weber, J., & Urick, M. J. (2017). Examining the millennials' ethical profile: Assessing demographic variations in their personal value orientations. Business and Society Review, 122(4), 469–506. doi:10.1111/basr.12128
  • Wong, M., Gardiner, E., Lang, W., & Coulon, L. (2008). Generational differences in personality and motivation: Do they exist and what are the implications for the workplace? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 878–890. doi:10.1108/02683940810904376
  • Wright, R. (2004). Mapping cognitions to better understand attitudinal and behavioral responses in appraisal research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 339–374. doi:10.1002/job.245
  • Zopiatis, A., Krambia-Kapardis, M., & Varnavas, A. (2012). Y-ers, X-ers and boomers: Investigating the multigenerational (mis)perceptions in the hospitality workplace. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(2), 101–121. doi:10.1177/1467358412466668

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.