SIE identity strain, job embeddedness and expatriate outcomes: within-domain and spillover buffering effects of off-the-job relationship building

References

• Al Ariss, A. (2010). Modes of engagement: Migration, self-initiated expatriation, and career development. Career Development International, 15(4), 338–358. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011066231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, D. G. (2006). Do organizational socialization tactics influence newcomer embeddedness and turnover? Journal of Management, 32(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305280103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, N. (2021). Mapping the expatriate literature: A bibliometric review of the field from 1998 to 2017 and identification of current research fronts. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(22), 4687–4724. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1661267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen, M. (2015). What determines expatriates’ performance while abroad? The role of job embeddedness. Journal of Global Mobility, 3(1), 62–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-06-2014-0015
   Google Scholar
• Andresen, M., Bergdolt, F., Margenfeld, J., & Dickmann, M. (2014). Addressing international mobility confusion–developing definitions and differentiations for self-initiated and assigned expatriates as well as migrants. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(16), 2295–2318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.877058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen, M., Pattie, M. W., & Hippler, T. (2020). What does it mean to be a ‘self-initiated’expatriate in different contexts? A conceptual analysis and suggestions for future research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(1), 174–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1674359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrianto, S., Jianhong, M., Hommey, C., Damayanti, D., & Wahyuni, H. (2018). Re-entry adjustment and job embeddedness: The mediating role of professional identity in Indonesian returnees. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariss, A., & Özbilgin, M. (2010). Understanding self-initiated expatriates: Career experiences of Lebanese self-initiated expatriates in France. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(4), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20355
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). A career lexicon for the 21st century. Academy of Management Perspectives, 10(4), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1996.3145317
   Google Scholar
• Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashforth, B. E., & Schinoff, B. S. (2016). Identity under construction: How individuals come to define themselves in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062322
   Google Scholar
• Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of development theory. The American Psychologist, 52(4), 366–380. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.4.366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry, J., Berg, E., & Chandler, J. (2003). Managing intellectual labour in Sweden and England. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 10(3), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600310797612
   Google Scholar
• Bayraktar, S. (2019). A diary study of expatriate adjustment: Collaborative mechanisms of social support. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 19(1), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595819836688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, A. A., Campion, E. D., Keeler, K. R., & Keener, S. K. (2021). Videoconference fatigue? Exploring changes in fatigue after videoconference meetings during COVID-19. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(3), 330–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernerth, J. B., & Aguinis, H. (2016). A critical review and best-practice recommendations for control variable usage. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), 229–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A., & Luk, D. M. (2005). Input- based and time-based models of international adjustment: Meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions. Academy of Management Journal, 48(2), 257–281. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.16928400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliese, P. D., & Wang, M. (2020). Results provide information about cumulative probabilities of finding significance: Let’s report this information. Journal of Management, 46(7), 1275–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206319886909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boje, D. M. (2001). Narrative methods for organizational & communication research. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Briscoe, J. P., Hall, D. T., & DeMuth, R. L. F. (2006). Protean and boundaryless careers: An empirical exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1), 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brislin R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis, J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology. (Vol. 2, pp. 389–444). Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Bruning, N. S., Sonpar, K., & Wang, X. (2012). Host-country national networks and expatriate effectiveness: A mixed-methods study. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(4), 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujold, C. (2004). Constructing career through narrative. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(3), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, R., Colquitt, J. A., & Long, E. (2022). Longing for the road not taken: The affective and behavioral consequences of forgone identity dwelling. Academy of Management Journal, 65(1), 93–118. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2019.0746
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, P. J. (1991). Identity processes and social stress. American Sociological Review, 56(6), 836–849. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096259
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, P. J., Stets, J. E., Burton, J. P., Holtom, B. C., Sablynski, C. J., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2009). Identity theory. Oxford University Press. 1 edition (2010)
   Google Scholar
• Caligiuri, P. M., Hyland, M. M., Joshi, A., & Bross, A. S. (1998). Testing a theoretical model for examining the relationship between family adjustment and expatriates’ work adjustment. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 598–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, S. C., Inkson, K., & Thorn, K. (2005). From global careers to talent flow: Reinterpreting ‘brain drain. Journal of World Business, 40(4), 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerdin, J. L., & Selmer, J. (2014). Who is a self-initiated expatriate? Towards conceptual clarity of a common notion. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(9), 1281–1301. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.863793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceric, A., & Crawford, H. J. (2016). Attracting SIEs: Influence of SIE motivation on their location and employer decisions. Human Resource Management Review, 26(2), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, Y. P., Wu, M., Zhuang, W. L., & Hsu, Y. Y. (2009). Influences on expatriate social networks in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(4), 790–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190902770703
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (3rd ed.). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Damman, M., & Henkens, K. (2017). Work role residuals among fully retired individuals: Results of a 10-year panel study. Research on Aging, 39(7), 849–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, H., Coyle-Shapiro, J., & Yang, Q. (2018). Beyond reciprocity: A conservation of resources view on the effects of psychological contract violation on third parties. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(5), 561–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickmann, M., Suutari, V., Brewster, C., Mäkelä, L., Tanskanen, J., & Tornikoski, C. (2018). The career competencies of self-initiated and assigned expatriates: Assessing the development of career capital over time. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(16), 2353–2371. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1172657
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty, N. (2013). Understanding the self-initiated expatriate: A review and directions for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), n/a–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty, N., Richardson, J., & Thorn, K. (2013). Self-initiated expatriation and self-initiated expatriates: Clarification of the research stream. Career Development International, 18(1), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431311305971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorsch, M., Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2013). Research on self-initiated expatriation: History and future directions. In M. Andresen, A. Al Ariss, M. Walther, & K. Wolff (Eds.), Self-initiated expatriation: Mastering the dynamics. (pp. 42–56). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, D. C., & Bolino, M. C. (1999). The impact of on-site mentoring on expatriate socialization: A structural equation modelling approach. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(1), 54–71.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, D. C., Ng, T. W. H., & Vogel, R. M. (2012). Off-the-job embeddedness: A reconceptualization and agenda for future research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 31, 209–251.
   Google Scholar
• Felps, W., Mitchell, T. R., Hekman, D. R., Lee, T. W., Holtom, B. C., & Harman, W. S. (2009). Turnover contagion: How coworkers’ job embeddedness and job search behaviors influence quitting. Academy of Management Journal, 52(3), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.41331075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firth, B. M., Chen, G., Kirkman, B. L., & Kim, K. (2014). Newcomers abroad: Expatriate adaptation during early phases of international assignments. Academy of Management Journal, 57(1), 280–300. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, R., Chi, S. C., & Liu, L. A. (2006). An expectancy model of Chinese–American differences in conflict-avoiding. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, C., Hsu, Y. S., Shaffer, M. A., & Ren, H. (2017). A longitudinal investigation of self-initiated expatriate organizational socialization. Personnel Review, 46(2), 182–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2015-0149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, M. M., Wittman, S., & Rockmann, K. W. (2022). Transitioning the study of role transitions: From an attribute-based to an experience-based approach. Academy of Management Annals, 16(1), 102–133. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2020.0238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González, J. M. R., Barker, M., & Shah, D. (2021). Host country language proficiency and identity: Spanish self-initiated expatriate nurses in Germany. Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research, 9(2), 217–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-11-2020-0074
   Google Scholar
• Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., & Elron, E. (1994). Expatriate managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 617–626. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbesleben, J. R., Neveu, J. P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the “COR” understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334–1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, R. J., Snell, A. F., & Foust, M. S. (1999). Item parceling strategies in SEM: Investigating the subtle effects of unmodeled secondary constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 2(3), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442819923002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Job attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An examination of retirement and other voluntary withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37(1), 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(90)90007-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1991). General attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An evaluation of a causal model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39(1), 110–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(91)90006-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, D. A., & Newman, D. A. (2013). Absence, lateness, turnover, and retirement: Narrow and broad understandings of withdrawal and behavioral engagement. In N. W. Schmitt, S. Highhouse, & I. B. Weiner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology. (pp. 262–291). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Haslberger, A., & Vaiman, V. (2013). Self-initiated expatriates: A neglected source of the global talent flow. In Talent management of self-initiated expatriates (pp. 1–15). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hechanova, R., Beehr, T. A., & Christiansen, N. D. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of employees’ adjustment to overseas assignment: A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology, 52(2), 213–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R. K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch, B. J., & Rapkin, B. D. (1986). Multiple roles, social networks, and women’s well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1237–1247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. The American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
   Google Scholar
• Hulin, C. (1991). Adaptation, persistence, and commitment in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 445–505). Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ibarra, H. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 764–791. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inkson, K., & Myers, B. A. (2003). “The big OE”: Self-directed travel and career development. Career Development International, 8(4), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430310482553
   Google Scholar
• Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (2012). When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(5), 1077–1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokinen, T., Brewster, C., & Suutari, V. (2008). Career capital during international work experiences: Contrasting self-initiated expatriate experiences and assigned expatriation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(6), 979–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802051279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahana, E., Lovegreen, L., Kahana, B., & Kahana, M. (2003). Person, environment, and person-environment fit as influences on residential satisfaction of elders. Environment and Behavior, 35(3), 434–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916503035003007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kammeyer-Mueller, J., Wanberg, C., Rubenstein, A., & Song, Z. (2013). Support, undermining, and newcomer socialization: Fitting in during the first 90 days. Academy of Management Journal, 56(4), 1104–1124. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanstrén, K. (2021). The career transitions of expatriate partners and the effects of transitions on career identities. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(21), 4491–4525. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1674356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Turner, J. B., & House, J. S. (1987). Intervening processes in the relationship between unemployment and health. Psychological Medicine, 17(4), 949–961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiazad, K., Holtom, B. C., Hom, P. W., & Newman, A. (2015). Job embeddedness: A multifoci theoretical extension. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), 641–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishton, J. M., & Widaman, K. F. (1994). Unidimensional versus domain representative parceling of questionnaire items: An empirical example. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54(3), 757–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164494054003022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluemper, D. H., McLarty, B. D., & Bing, M. N. (2015). Acquaintance ratings of the Big Five personality traits: Incremental validity beyond and interactive effects with self-reports in the prediction of workplace deviance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 237–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohonen, E. (2008). The impact of international assignments on expatriates’ identity and career aspirations: Reflections upon re-entry. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 24(4), 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2008.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraimer, M. L., Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., & Ren, H. (2012). No place like home? An identity strain perspective on repatriate turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 399–420. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., & Jaworski, R. A. A. (2001). Sources of support and expatriate performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00086.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, T. W., Burch, T. C., & Mitchell, T. R. (2014). The story of why we stay: A review of job embeddedness. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 199–216.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 711–722. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Q., Huang, Y., Zhu, R., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Comparative analysis of mission statements of Chinese and American Fortune 500 companies: A study from the perspective of linguistics. Sustainability, 11(18), 4905. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder, C. (2019). Expatriates’ motivations for going abroad: The role of organisational embeddedness for career satisfaction and job effort. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 41(3), 552–570. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2017-0284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., & Jiang, Y. (2015). The outcomes of Chinese visiting scholars’ experiences at Canadian universities: Implications for faculty development at Chinese universities. Frontiers of Education in China, 10(3), 439–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03397079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao, J., & Shen, Y. (2015). Cultural identity change in expatriates: A social network perspective. Human Relations, 68(10), 1533–1556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726714561699
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meade, A. W., & Craig, S. B. (2012). Identifying careless responses in survey data. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 437–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuer, J., Tröster, C., Angstmann, M., Backes-Gellner, U., & Pull, K. (2019). Embeddedness and the repatriation intention of assigned and self-initiated expatriates. European Management Journal, 37(6), 784–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miscenko, D., & Day, D. V. (2016). Identity and identification at work. Organizational Psychology Review, 6(3), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386615584009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102–1121. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulaï, K., Manning, S., & Guttormsen, D. S. (2021). Heeding the call from the promised land: Identity work of self-initiated expatriates before leaving home. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(20), 4080–4112. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1948889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2014). Subjective career success: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(2), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan, E. M., & Morley, M. J. (2014). A test of the relationship between person–environment fit and cross-cultural adjustment among self-initiated expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(11), 1631–1649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.845240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltokorpi, V., Zhang, L. E., & Ghauri, P. (2020). Exploring expatriate adjustment through identity perspective. International Business Review, 29(3), 101667–101614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101667
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, K., & Nisbett, R. E. (1999). Culture, dialectics, and reasoning about contradiction. American Psychologist, 54(9), 741–754. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.9.741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, M. G. (2000). The good, the bad, and the ambivalent: Managing identification among Amway distributors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3), 456–493. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, X., Hom, P. W., & Xu, M. (2019). Am I a peasant or a worker? An identity strain perspective on turnover among developing-world migrants. Human Relations, 72(4), 801–833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718778097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichers, A. E. (1987). An interactionist perspective on newcomer socialization rates. The Academy of Management Review, 12(2), 278–287. https://doi.org/10.2307/258535
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, H., Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., Fu, C., & Fodchuk, K. M. (2014). Reactive adjustment or proactive embedding? Multistudy, multiwave evidence for dual pathways to expatriate retention. Personnel Psychology, 67(1), 203–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, J., & Mallon, M. (2005). Career interrupted? The case of the self-directed expatriate. Journal of World Business, 40(4), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, J., & McKenna, S. (2003). International experience and academic careers: What do academics have to say? Personnel Review, 32(6), 774–795. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480310498710
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, C. A. (1997). Developing expatriates’ cross-cultural sensitivity: Cultures where “your culture’s OK” is really not OK. Journal of Management Development, 16(9), 690–702. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710190211
   Google Scholar
• Schaubroeck, J. M., Demirtas, O., Peng, A. C., & Pei, D. (2022). “I” Am Affirmed, but Are “We”? Social Identity Processes Influencing Refugees’ Work Initiative and Community Embeddedness. Academy of Management Journal, 65(2), 403–426. (ja). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2020.0033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheible, D. H. (2017). The role of expatriation in the context of managing diversity in international organizations. Interculture Journal: Online-Zeitschrift Für Interkulturelle Studien, 17(27/28), 87–96.
   Google Scholar
• Selmer, J., & Lauring, J. (2010). Self-initiated academic expatriates: Inherent demographics and reasons to expatriate. European Management Review, 7(3), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1057/emr.2010.15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, M. A., & Harrison, D. A. (1998). Expatriates’ psychological withdrawal from international assignments: Work, nonwork, and family influences. Personnel Psychology, 51(1), 87–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00717.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, M. A., Kraimer, M. L., Chen, Y. P., & Bolino, M. C. (2012). Choices, challenges, and career consequences of global work experiences: A review and future agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1282–1327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312441834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimmi, Y. (2014). International visiting scholars: Brain-circulation and internationalization. International Higher Education, (77), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.77.5675
   Google Scholar
• Singh, B., Shaffer, M. A., & Selvarajan, T. T. (2018). Antecedents of organizational and community embeddedness: The roles of support, psychological safety, and need to belong. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(3), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker, S. (1980). Symbolic interactionism: A social structural version. Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Stryker, S. (2003). A Peek Back—and Then Ahead. In Advances in identity theory and research (pp. 217–223). Springer Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, S. E., & Arthur, M. B. (2006). The evolution of the boundaryless career concept: Examining physical and psychological mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2000). Making their own way: International experience through self-initiated foreign assignments. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9516(00)00046-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann, W. B.Jr, (2011). Self-verification theory. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, 2, 23–42.
   Google Scholar
• Swann, W. B.Jr. (1983). Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Social psychological perspectives on the self (pp. 33–66). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Takeuchi, R. (2010). A critical review of expatriate adjustment research through a multiple stakeholder view: Progress, emerging trends, and prospects. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1040–1064. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309349308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi, R., Wang, M., Marinova, S. V., & Yao, X. (2009). Role of domain-specific facets of perceived organizational support during expatriation and implications for performance. Organization Science, 20(3), 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi, R., Yun, S., & Tesluk, P. E. (2002). An examination of crossover and spillover effects of spousal and expatriate cross-cultural adjustment on expatriate outcomes. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 655–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tharenou, P. (2015). Researching expatriate types: the quest for rigorous methodological approaches. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12070
   Google Scholar
• Tharenou, P., & Caulfield, N. (2010). Will I stay or will I go? Explaining repatriation by self-initiated expatriates. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 1009–1028. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.54533183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toh, S. M., & DeNisi, A. S. (2007). Host country nationals as socializing agents: A social identity approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(3), 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Laken, P. A., Van Engen, M. L., Van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., & Paauwe, J. (2019). Fostering expatriate success: A meta-analysis of the differential benefits of social support. Human Resource Management Review, 29(4), 100679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma, A., Pichler, S., & Budhwar, P. (2011). The relationship between expatriate job level and host country national categorization: An investigation in the UK. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.538971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. H., & Toh, S. M. (2021). Host country national quality of interaction with expatriates: Antecedents, process, and outcome. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.2005659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittman, S. (2019). Lingering identities. Academy of Management Review, 44(4), 724–745. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2015.0090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue, M., Chao, X., & Kuntz, A. M. (2015). Chinese visiting scholars’ academic socialization in US institutions of higher education: A qualitative study. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(2), 290–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2013.876389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, X., Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Burton, J. P., & Sablynski, C. S. (2004). Job embeddedness. Current research and future directions. in Griffeth, R. and Hom, P. (Eds), Understanding employee retention and turnover, information age (pp. 153–187).
   Google Scholar
• Yunlu, D. G., Ren, H., Fodchuk, K. M., & Shaffer, M. (2018). Home away from home: Community embeddedness and expatriate retention cognitions. Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research, 6(2), 194–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-10-2017-0045
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Fan, C., Deng, Y., Lam, C. F., Hu, E., & Wang, L. (2019). Exploring the interpersonal determinants of job embeddedness and voluntary turnover: A conservation of resources perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(3), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar