Effect of Acoustic Spectrographic Instruction on production of English /i/ and /I/ by Spanish pre-service English teachers

References

• Anderson-Hsieh , J. 1992 . Using electronic visual feedback to teach suprasegmentals . System , 20 ( 1 ) : 51 – 62 . doi: 10.1016/0346-251X(92)90007-P
   Google Scholar
• Boersma , P. and Weenik , D. 2007 . Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 4.5.20) [Computer program]. Retrieved from http://www.praat.org/
   Google Scholar
• Brett , D. 2002 . “ Improved vowel production with the Praat programme ” . In Talking computers , Edited by: Teeler , D. 7 – 10 . Whitstable , , UK : IATEFL .
   Google Scholar
• Cauldwell , R. 2002 . Streaming speech: Listening and pronunciation for advanced learners of English , Birmingham , , UK : Speechinaction .
   Google Scholar
• Celce-Murcia , M. , Brinton , D.M. and Goodwin , J.M. 1996 . Teaching pronunciation: A reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages , Cambridge , MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Derwing , T.M. , Munro , M.J. and Weibe , G. 1998 . Evidence in favor of a broad framework for pronunciation instruction . Language Learning , 48 : 393 – 410 . doi: 10.1111/0023-8333.00047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixo-Lieff , C. and Pwo , E. 2000 . Understanding and empowering the learner-teacher in pronunciation instruction: Key issues in pronunciation course design Retrieved from http://www.hltmag.co.uk./nov00/sart6.htm
   Google Scholar
• Ertmer , D.J. 2004 . How well can children recognize speech features in spectrograms? Comparisons by age and hearing status . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 47 : 484 – 495 . doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/038)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertmer , D.J. and Maki , J.E. 2000 . A comparison of speech training methods with deaf adolescents: Spectrographic versus noninstrumental instruction . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 43 : 1509 – 1523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escudero , P. 2005 . Linguistic perception and second language acquisition: Explaining the attainment of optimal phonological categorization , Utrecht , , The Netherlands : LOT . (Doctoral dissertation), University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
   Google Scholar
• Flege , J.E. 1987 . The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification . Journal of Phonetics , 15 : 47 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flege , J.E. 1991 . The interlingual identification of Spanish and English vowels: Orthographic evidence . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 43A : 701 – 731 . doi: 10.1080/14640749108400993
   Google Scholar
• Flege , J.E. 1995 . “ Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems ” . In Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research , Edited by: Strange , W. 233 – 277 . Baltimore , MD : York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flege , J.E. , Bohn , O.-S. and Jang , S. 1997 . Effects of experience on non-native Speakers' production and perception of English vowels . Journal of Phonetics , 25 : 437 – 470 . doi: 10.1006/jpho.1997.0052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis , W. and Kučera , H. 1982 . Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and grammar , Boston , MA : Houghton Miffin Company .
   Google Scholar
• Greene , B.G. , Pisoni , D.B. and Carrel , T.D. 1984 . Recognition of speech spectrograms . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 76 ( 1 ) : 32 – 43 . doi: 10.1121/1.391035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn , L.D. 1999 . Native Speakers' reactions to non-native speech in English discourse (Doctoral dissertation) , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . 1999. ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts, AAT 9944870
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , L.D. 2004 . Primary stress and intelligibility: Research to motivate the teaching of suprasegmentals . TESOL Quarterly , 38 : 201 – 223 . doi: 10.2307/3588378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond , R.M. 1986 . Error analysis and the natural approach to teaching languages . Modern Languages , 13 : 129 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Hillenbrand , J. , Getty , L.A. , Clark , M.J. and Wheeler , K. 1995 . Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 97 : 3099 – 3111 . doi: 10.1121/1.411872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai , S. , Flege , J.E. and Wayland , R. 2002 . Perception of cross-language vowel differences: A longitudinal study of native Spanish learners of English . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 111 : 2364 doi: 10.1121/1.4777976
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , J. 1998 . Which pronunciation norms and models for English as an international language? . ELT Journal , 52 : 119 – 126 . doi: 10.1093/elt/52.2.119
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , K.E. and Rekart , D. 1991 . Computer-assisted English pronunciation training for international teaching assistants . TESOL Matters , 1 : 17
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , K. , Dunkel , P. and Rekart , D. 1994 . Utilizing CALL to improve the English pronunciation of international teaching assistants . CAELL Journal , 5 : 10 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaltenboeck , G. 2002 . “ Computer-based intonation teaching: Problems and potential ” . In Talking computers , Edited by: Teeler , D. 11 – 17 . Whitstable , , UK : IATEFL .
   Google Scholar
• Kent , R.D. and Read , C. 2002 . The acoustic analysis of speech , (2nd ed.) , San Diego , CA : Singular Publishing Group .
   Google Scholar
• Kubota , M. 2006 . Comments on Jennifer Jenkins' “implementing an international approach to English pronunciation: The role of teacher attitudes and identity” . TESOL Quarterly , 40 : 604 – 608 . doi: 10.2307/40264546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladefoged , P. 2006 . A course in phonetics , (5th ed.) , Boston : Thomson/Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Lambacher , S.G. 1996 . Using electronic visual feedback to teach English segmentals . The Language Teacher , 20 : 22 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Lambacher , S. 1999 . A CALL tool for improving second language acquisition of English consonants by Japanese learners . Computer Assisted Language Learning , 12 : 137 – 156 . doi: 10.1076/call.12.2.137.5722
   Google Scholar
• Lambacher , S. The taming of English vowels . Proceedings of the PAC3 . 22–25 November 2001, JALT 2001 Convention, Kitakyushu, Japan
   Google Scholar
• Lambacher , S. 2001b . A brief guide to resources for developing expertise in the teaching of pronunciation . Prospect , 16 ( 1 ) : 63 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Levey , S. and Cruz , D. 2004 . The discrimination of English vowels by bilingual Spanish/English and monolingual English speakers . Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders , 31 : 162 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• McCall , J. 2001 . The effect of foreign accent and phonetic inventory on word recognition , University of Kansas . Unpublished Honor Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Molholt , G. 1988 . Computer-assisted instruction in pronunciation for Chinese speakers of American English . TESOL Quarterly , 22 ( 1 ) : 91 – 111 . doi: 10.2307/3587063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molholt , G. 1990 . Spectrographic analysis and patterns in pronunciation . Computers and the Humanities , 24 : 81 – 92 . doi: 10.1007/BF00115030
   Google Scholar
• Møller-Glasbrenner , M. 2005 . Vowel identification by monolingual and bilingual listeners: Use of spectral change and duration cues , Florida : University of South Florida . (Unpublished master's thesis)
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , G.S. 2005 . Development of L2 vowel perception and production: L1-spanish speakers and the acquisition of the English /i/and /I/ contrast Manuscript submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , G.S. 2006 . L1 & L2 production and perception of English and Spanish vowels: A statistical modelling approach Retrieved from http://cns.bu.edu/gsm2/
   Google Scholar
• Munro , M.J. 1998 . The effects of noise on the intelligibility of foreign-accented speech . Studies on Second Language Learning , 20 : 139 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Munro , M.J. , Derwing , T.M. and Sato , K. 2006 . Salient accent, covert attitudes: Consciousness-raising for pre-service second language teachers . Prospect , 21 ( 1 ) : 67 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Murakawa , H. 1988 . Pronunciation training system. Five volumes with laser disks , Hamamatsu : Kawai Instrument Co .
   Google Scholar
• Murakawa , H. and Lambacher , S. 1996 . Improving Japanese pronunciation of American English /r/ using electronic visual feedback Retrieved from http://www.u-aizu.ac.jp/∼steeve/rsound2.html
   Google Scholar
• Pisoni , D.B. , Greene , B.G. and Carrel , T.D. 1983 . Identification of visual displays of speech: Comparisons of naïve and trained observers . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 73 ( 1 ) : 102 doi: 10.1121/1.2020209
   Google Scholar
• Richmond , E.B. 1976 . A visual display device for teaching pronunciation of speech sounds . Educational Technology , 16 : 43 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sifakis , N.C. and Sougari , A. 2005 . Pronunciation issues and EIL pedagogy in the periphery: A survey of Greek state school teachers' beliefs . TESOL Quarterly , 39 : 467 – 488 . doi: 10.2307/3588490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakita , H.J. 1996 . “ Instrumentation for the study of speech acoustics ” . In Principles of experimental phonetics , Edited by: Lass , N.J. 469 – 494 . St. Louis : Mosby .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , C. 1988 . The production and perception of English vowels by native speakers of Mandarin , University of Alabama at Birmingham . (Unpublished master's thesis)
   Google Scholar
• Wang , X. and Munro , M.J. 2004 . Computer-based training for learning English vowel contrasts . System , 32 : 539 – 552 . doi: 10.1016/j.system.2004.09.011
   Google Scholar
• Westwood , V.W. and Kaufmann , H. 2002 . Connected speech , Hurstbridge : Protea Textware .
   Google Scholar
• Zue , V.W. 1981 . “ Acoustic-phonetic knowledge representation: Implications from spectrogram reading experiments ” . In Automatic speech analysis and recognition , Edited by: Haton , J.P. 101 – 120 . Dordrecht , , Holland : D. Reidel Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar