Women and the economic field: cooperatives and capital in Turkey

References

• Acar, F., & Altunok, G. (2013). The ‘politics of intimate’ at the intersection of neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism in contemporary Turkey. Women’s Studies International Forum, 41, 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2012.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alibhai, S., Donald, A. A., Goldstein, M., Oguz, A. A., Pankov, A., & Strobbe, F. (2019). Gender bias in SME lending: Experimental evidence from Turkey. World bank policy research working paper #9100.
   Google Scholar
• Arslan, A. (2022). Relations of production and social reproduction, the state and the everyday: Women’s labour in Turkey. Review of International Political Economy, 29(6), 1894–1916. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1864756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atasoy, B. S. (2017). Female labour force participation in Turkey: The role of traditionalism. The European Journal of Development Research, 29(4), 675–706. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-016-0013-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, I. (2020). Variegated social reproduction in neoliberal times: Mainstream silences, feminist interventions. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 28(2), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2020.1714178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, I., & Gill, S. (Eds.). (2003). Power, production, and social reproduction: Human in/security in the global political economy. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, I., & Gill, S. (2019). Rethinking power, production, and social reproduction: Toward variegated social reproduction. Capital & Class, 43(4), 503–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816819880783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beşpınar, F. U. (2010). Questioning agency and empowerment: Women’s work-related strategies and social class in Urban Turkey. Women’s Studies International Forum, 33(6), 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, T. (2017). Introduction: Mapping social reproduction theory. In T. Bhattacharya & L. Vogel (Eds.), Social reproduction theory: Remapping class, recentering oppression (pp. 1–10). Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, T., & Vogel, L. (Eds.). (2017). Social reproduction theory: Remapping class, recentering oppression. Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice (R. Nice Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buğra, A., & Keyder, Ç. (2006). The Turkish welfare regime in transformation. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(3), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928706065593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulbul, S. (2021). Glass ceiling in academia revisited: Evidence from the higher education system of Turkey. International Journal of Sociology, 51(2), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2021.1881872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceritoglu, E. (2020). Homeownership, housing demand, and household wealth distribution in Turkey. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(5), 1146–1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1555461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetindamar, D., Gupta, V. K., Karadeniz, E. E., & Egrican, N. (2012). What the numbers tell: The impact of human, family and financial capital on women and men’s entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.637348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinar, K., Akyuz, S., Ugur-Cinar, M., & Onculer-Yayalar, E. (2021). Faces and phases of women’s empowerment: The case of women’s cooperatives in Turkey. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 28(3), 778–805. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz032
   Google Scholar
• Cinar, K., & Kose, T. (2018). The determinants of women’s empowerment in Turkey: A multilevel analysis. South European Society and Politics, 23(3), 365–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2018.1511077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinar, K., & Ugur-Cinar, M. (2018). What the city has to offer: Urbanization and women’s empowerment in Turkey. Politics & Gender, 14(2), 235–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X18000028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowell, F., Karagiannaki, E., & McKnight, A. (2018). Accounting for cross‐country differences in wealth inequality. Review of Income and Wealth, 64(2), 332–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cudeville, E., & Gurbuzer, L. Y. (2010). Gender wage discrimination in the Turkish labor market: Can Turkey be part of Europe? Comparative Economic Studies, 52(3), 429–463. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2010.2
   Google Scholar
• Daskalaki, M., Fotaki, M., & Simosi, M. (2021). The gendered impact of the financial crisis: Struggles over social reproduction in Greece. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(4), 741–762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X20922857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta, P. B., & Gailey, R. (2012). Empowering women through social entrepreneurship: Case study of a women’s cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00505.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dedeoglu, S. (2012). Equality, protection or discrimination: Gender equality policies in Turkey. Social Politics, 19(2), 269–290. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxs004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dildar, Y. (2015). Patriarchal norms, religion, and female labor supply: Evidence from Turkey. World Development, 76, 40–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duguid, F., Durutaş, G., & Wodzicki, M. (2015). The current state of women’s co-operatives in Turkey. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/fe51ba6b-a318-5407-85d5-dd81174f06af
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, H., & Kepe, T. (2011). Agricultural cooperatives and social empowerment of women: A Ugandan case study. Development in Practice, 21(3), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2011.558069
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, B. (2003). Reading Pierre Bourdieu’s masculine domination: Notes towards an Intersectional Analysis of Gender, culture and class. Cultural Studies, 17(3/4), 468–494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gedikli, C. (2020). Occupational gender segregation in Turkey: The vertical and horizontal dimensions. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41(1), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09656-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerami, S., & Lehnerer, M. (2001). Women’s agency and household diplomacy: Negotiating fundamentalism. Gender & Society, 15(4), 556–573. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124301015004004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gönüllü Atakan, A., & Çoban, A. (2022). Women’s empowerment via women’s cooperatives in Turkey: Legal and structural strategies. International Labor Organization. https://www.ilo.org/ankara/publications/WCMS_855923/lang–tr/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Güneş-Ayata, A., & Doğangün, G. (2017). Gender politics of the AKP: Restoration of a religio-conservative gender climate. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 19(6), 610–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2017.1328887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppatz, K. (2012). Gender capital at work: Intersections of femininity, masculinity, class and occupation. Palgrave Macmillan, Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Ilkkaracan, I. (2012). Why so few women in the labor market in Turkey? Feminist Economics, 18(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2011.649358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilkkaracan, I., & Selim, R. (2007). The gender wage gap in the Turkish labor market. Labour, 21(3), 563–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2007.00378.x
   Google Scholar
• Jones, E., Smith, S., & Wills, C. (2012). Women producers and the benefits of collective forms of enterprise. Gender & Development, 20(1), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.663640
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with patriarchy. Gender & Society, 2(3), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124388002003004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kara, O. (2006). Occupational gender wage discrimination in Turkey. Journal of Economic Studies, 33(2), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580610666082
   Google Scholar
• Karakurum-Ozdemir, K., Kokkizil, M., & Uysal, G. (2019). Financial literacy in developing countries. Social Indicators Research, 143(1), 325–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1952-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koca, C., Arslan, B., & Asci, F. H. (2011). Attitudes towards women’s work roles and women managers in a sports organization: The case of Turkey. Gender, Work & Organization, 18(6), 592–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00490.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocabicak, E. (2018). What excludes women from landownership in Turkey? Implications for feminist strategies. Women’s Studies International Forum, 69, 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocabicak, E. (2022). Why property matters? New varieties of domestic patriarchy in Turkey. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 29(3), 812–830. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxaa023
   Google Scholar
• Koutsou, S., Notta, O., Samathrakis, V., & Partalidou, M. (2009). Women’s Entrepreneurship and rural tourism in Greece: Private enterprises and cooperatives. South European Society and Politics, 14(2), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740903037968
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyuncu, B., & Özman, A. (2019). Women’s rights organizations and Turkish state in the post-2011 era: Ideological disengagement versus conservative alignment. Turkish Studies, 20(5), 728–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2018.1539622
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyuncu, B., & Sumbas, A. (2016). Discussing women’s representation in local politics in Turkey: The case of female mayorship. Women’s Studies International Forum, 58, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krais, B. (2006). Gender, sociological theory and Bourdieu’s sociology of practice. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(6), 119–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss, W. R. (1974). Political implications of gender roles: A review of the literature. The American Political Science Review, 68(4), 1706–1723. https://doi.org/10.2307/1959952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell, T. (2000). Thinking feminism with and against Bourdieu. Feminist Theory, 1(1), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/14647000022229047
   Google Scholar
• Lovell, T. (2004). Bourdieu, class and gender: ‘the return of the living dead’? The Sociological Review, 52(2_suppl), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00523.x
   Google Scholar
• McNay, L. (1999). Gender, habitus and the field: Pierre Bourdieu and the limits of reflexivity. Theory, Culture & Society, 16(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327699016001007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merritt, S. (1977, November). Winners and losers: Sex differences in municipal elections. American Journal of Political Science, 21(4), 731–743.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moi, T. (1991). ‘Appropriating Bourdieu: Feminist theory and Pierre Bourdieu. New Literary History, 22(4), 1017–1049. https://doi.org/10.2307/469077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosley, L. (Ed.). (2013). Interview research in political science. Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mottier, V. (2002). Masculine domination: Gender and power in Bourdieu’s writings. Feminist Theory, 3(3), 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/146470002762492042
   Google Scholar
• Oberhauser, A. M., & Pratt, A. (2004). Women’s collective economic strategies and political transformation in rural South Africa. Gender, Place & Culture, 11(2), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369042000218464
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2024). Income inequality (indicator). Accessed on July 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1787/459aa7f1-en
   Google Scholar
• O’Neil, M. L., & Toktas, S. (2014). Women’s property rights in Turkey. Turkish Studies, 15(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2014.891350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öneş, U., Memiş, E., & Kızılırmak, B. (2013). Poverty and intra-household distribution of work time in Turkey: Analysis and some policy implications. Women’s Studies International Forum, 41, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, A. (2019). Gendered states of punishment and welfare: Feminist political economy, primitive accumulation and the law. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz Castro, M., & Holvino, E. (2016). Applying intersectionality in organizations: Inequality markers, cultural scripts and advancement practices in a professional service firm. Gender, Work, & Organization, 23(3), 328–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semyonov, M., & Lewin-Epstein, N. (2013). Ways to richness: Determination of household wealth in 16 countries. European Sociological Review, 29(6), 1134–1148. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jct001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, E. B. (2005). Gender, home and family in cultural capital theory. The British Journal of Sociology, 56(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00048.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeggs, B. (2004). Context and background: Pierre Bourdieu’s analysis of class, gender and sexuality. The Sociological Review, 52(2_suppl), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00522.x
   Google Scholar
• Skopek, N., Buchholz, S., & Blossfeld, H. P. (2014). National patterns of income and wealth inequality. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 55(6), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715214565674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spilerman, S. (2000). Wealth and stratification processes. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 497–524. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.497
   Google Scholar
• Tamkoc, M. N., & Torul, O. (2020). Cross-sectional facts for macroeconomists: Wage, income and consumption inequality in Turkey. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 18(2), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-019-09436-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tansel, A. (2002). Determinants of school attainment of boys and girls in Turkey: Individual, household and community factors. Economics of Education Review, 21(5), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7757(01)00028-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tansel, A. (2005). Public-private employment choice, wage differentials, and gender in Turkey. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 53(2), 453–477. https://doi.org/10.1086/425374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkoglu, O. I., & Memis, E. (2022). Impact of elderly care on “sandwiched-generation” women in Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey, 66, 88–121. https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TurkStat. (2015). Time Use Survey, 2014-2015. Turkish Statistical Institute.
   Google Scholar
• TurkStat. (2023). Labour force statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Ugur-Cinar, M., Cinar, K., Onculer-Yayalar, E., & Akyuz, S. (2022). The political economy of women’s cooperatives in Turkey: A social reproduction perspective. Gender, Work & Organization, 31(4), 1268–1289. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ukhova, D. (2015). Gender inequality and inter-household economic inequality in emerging economies: Exploring the relationship. Gender & Development, 23(2), 241–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2015.1055082
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (2022). Human development report 2021-22: Uncertain times, unsettled lives: Shaping our future in a transforming world.
   Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (2022). Global gender gap report. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2022.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yasun, S. (2018). Does education enable underprivileged women to achieve real equality in property rights? A case study of inheritance rights of women in Turkey. Women’s Studies International Forum, 69, 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.05.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildirim, S., Ucaray-Mangitli, B., & Tas, H. (2018). Intimate politics: Strategies and practices of female mukhtars in Turkey. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 45(5), 661–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2017.1320976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar