Bibliography
- Arnot, F.S. Garenganze; Or, Seven Years’ Pioneer Mission Work in Central Africa. London: James E. Hawkins, 1889.
- Arnot, F.S. Bihé and Garenganze; Or, Four Years’ Further Work and Travel in Central Africa. London: James E. Hawkins, 1893.
- Asani Bin Katompa, K. “L’opposition Sanga à Msiri et à l’administration coloniale Belge (1891–1911)” Mémoire de licence en histoire. Lubumbashi: Université Nationale du Zaïre, 1977.
- Briart, P. Aux sources du fleuve Congo. Carnets du Katanga (1890-1893). edited by Dominique Ryelandt. Paris: L'Harmattan. 2003.
- Campbell, D. In the Heart of Bantuland. London: Seeley, Service & Co., 1922.
- Capello, H., and R. Ivens. De Angola Á Contra-costa. Descripção De Uma Viagem Atravez Do Continente Africano. 2 vols. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1886.
- Delcommune, A. Vingt années de vie africaine. 2 vols. Brussels: Ferdinand Larcier, 1922.
- Delvaux, H. L’occupation du katanga, 1891-1900. Notes et Souvenirs du seul survivant. Elisabethville: Imbelco, 1950.
- FitzSimons, W. “Sizing up the 'Small Wars' of African Empire: An Assessment of the Context and Legacies of Nineteenth-Century Colonial Warfare.” Journal of African Military History 2, no. 1 (2018): 63–78. doi:10.1163/24680966-00201005.
- Giraud, V. Les Lacs De l’Afrique Équatoriale. Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1890.
- Gordon, D.M. “The Abolition of the Slave Trade and the Transformation of the South-Central African Interior during the Nineteenth Century.” William and Mary Quarterly 66, no. 4 (2009): 915–938.
- Headrick, D.H. The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
- Iliffe, J. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
- Jenniges, E. Dictionnaire Français-kiluba. Brussels: Spineux, 1909.
- Larmer, M., and E. Kennes. “Rethinking the Katangese Secession.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 42, no. 4 (2014): 741–761. doi:10.1080/03086534.2014.894716.
- Le Marinel, P. Carnets de route dans l’Etat indépendant du Congo de 1887 à1910. Brussels: Editions Progress, 1991.
- Legros, H. Chasseurs d’ivoire. Une histoire du royaume yeke du Shaba (Zaïre). Brussels: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 1996.
- Macola, G. The Kingdom of Kazembe: History and Politics in North-Eastern Zambia and Katanga to 1950. Hamburg: LIT Verlag, 2002.
- Macola, G. The Gun in Central Africa: A History of Technology and Politics. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2016.
- Macola, G., ed.. The Colonial Occupation of Katanga: The Personal Correspondence of Clément Brasseur, 1893-1897. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2018.
- Macola, G. “Introduction: Brasseur’s Papers and the African Roots of the Congo Free State.” In The Colonial Occupation of Katanga: The Personal Correspondence of Clément Brasseur, 1893-1897, edited by G. Macola, ix–xxxviii. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2018.
- Morel, E.D. King Leopold’s Rule in Africa. London: William Heinemann, 1904.
- “Lettre De Mwenda II Mukanda Bantu À S.M. Le Roi Albert À L’époque, Prince Héritier De Belgique. Traduit Par A. Mwenda Munongo.” In Pages D’histoire Yeke, edited by A. Mwenda Munongo, Lubumbashi, 1967.
- Mwenda Munongo, A., ed. “Chants Historiques Des Bayeke.” Problèmes Sociaux Congolais. 77 (1967): 35–139.
- Nzongola-Ntalaja, G. The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People’s History. London: Zed Books, 2003.
- Ranger, T.O. “Connexions between ‘Primary Resistance Movements’ and Modern Mass Nationalism in East and Central Africa.” Journal of African History 9, no. 3/4 (1968): 437–453, 631–641. doi:10.1017/S0021853700008665.
- Reichard, P. “Herr Paul Reichard: Bericht Über Seine Reisen in Ostafrika Und Dem Quellgebiet Des Kongo.” Verhandlungen Der Gesellschaft Für Erdkunde Zu Berlin 13, no. 2 (1886): 107–125.
- Reid, R.J. War in Pre-Colonial Eastern Africa: The Patterns & Meanings of State-Level Conflict in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: James Currey, 2007.
- Reid, R.J. “Revisiting Primitive War: Perceptions of Violence and Race in History.” War and Society 26, no. 2 (2007): 1–25. doi:10.1179/072924707791591677.
- Reid, R.J. “Past and Presentism: The “precolonial” and the Foreshortening of African History.” Journal of African History 52, no. 2 (2011): 135–155. doi:10.1017/S0021853711000223.
- Smith, R.S. Warfare and Diplomacy in Pre-Colonial West Africa. London: Methuen, 1976.
- Stairs, W. G. “De Zanzibar Au Katanga: Journal Du Capitaine Stairs (1890-1891).” Le Congo Illustré 2, no. 23/25 (1893): 181–183, 189–191, 197–199.
- Stengers, J., and J. Vansina. “King Leopold’s Congo, 1886-1908.” In The Cambridge History of Africa. Vol. VI, edited by R. Oliver and N. Sanderson, 315–358. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
- Storey, W.K. Guns, Race and Power in Colonial South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- Thornton, J. K. “Placing the Military in African History: A Reflection.” Journal of African Military History 1, no. 1/2 (2017): 112–119. doi:10.1163/24680966-00101007.
- Vandervort, B. Wars of Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830-1914. London: UCL Press, 1998.
- Verdick, E. Les premiers jours au Katanga (1890-1903). Brussels: Comité Spécial du Katanga, 1952.
- Walter, D. Colonial Violence: European Empires and the Use of Force. London: Hurst, 2017.