The ovamboland expedition of 1917: the deposing of King Mandume

Bibliography

• Bothma, L. J. Vang ‘n Boer: Die Stryd Tussen Boer en Ovambo. Epping: ABC Press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Brambilla, C. “Borders and Identities/Border Identities: The Angolan-Namibia Border and the Plurivocality of the Kwanyama Identity.” Journal of Borderlands Studies 22, no. 2 (2011): 21–38. doi:10.1080/08865655.2007.9695675.
   Google Scholar
• Clarence-Smith, G., and R. Moorsom. “Underdevelopment and Class Formation in Ovamboland, 1844-1917.” In Namibia 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia’s History and Society, edited by B. Wood, 177–178. London: Lithosphere, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• The Colonising Camera: Photographs in the Making of Namibian History. edited by W. Hartman, J. Silvester, and P. Hayes, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, P. “A History of the Ovambo of Namibia, c1880-1935.” PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, P. “Order Out of Chaos: Mandume Ya Ndemufayo and Oral History.” Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 1 (1993): 89–113. doi:10.1080/03057079308708349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, P., and D. Haipinge, eds. “Healing the Land”: Kaulinge’s History of Kwanyama. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, P., J. Silvester, M. Wallace, and W. Hartman, eds. Namibia Under South African Rule: Mobility & Containment, 1915–46. Oxford: James Currey, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Katjavivi, P. H. A History of Resistance in Namibia. Paris: UNESCO, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Kreike, E. “De-Globalisation and Deforestation in Colonial Africa: Closed Markets, the Cattle Complex, and Environmental Change in North-Central Namibia, 1890-1990.” Journal of Southern African Studies 35, no. 1 (2009): 81–98. doi:10.1080/03057070802685585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 16File6294O2 Intelligence Report on Ovamboland by Lt C.H.L. Hahn, 6 December 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 18. AU3: Ovamboland Expeditionary Force War Diary.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 16, File O.2, Patrol Report to Kuring-kuru and Okavango River, Dated 17 September 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 16, File O.2, Situation Report by OC “A” Squadron, 1 SAMR, Lt M.M. Jackson, Dated 26 October 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 16, O.36 Ovamboland Expedition War Diaries, 4 SAMR, 6 February 1917c.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 16, O.36 Ovamboland Expedition War Diaries, 1 SAMR, 2 to 3 February 1917a.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 16, O.36 Ovamboland Expedition War Diaries, 1 SAMR, 6 February 1917b.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Officer Commanding Union Troops. 17, O.32 Secret Directive from OC Union Troops to Director of Works, 23 November 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Report from Maj C.E. Fairlie to Maj C.N. Manning Regarding Mandume Entering the Neutral Zone on 17 February 1916a.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Report from Maj C.E. Fairlie to Maj C.N. Manning regarding Mandume Entering the Neutral Zone on 21 February 1916b.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Report on Chief Mandume’s Affairs, Violation of Angola-Ovamboland Boundary, Dated 14 May 1916c.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Report to Resident Commissioner by Maj C.E. Fairlie, n.d.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Annexure 3, Government Representative Neutral Zone to the Resident Commissioner, Dated 10 May 1916, to the Report on Chief Mandume’s Affairs, Violation of Angola-Ovamboland Boundary, Dated 14 May 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Annexure A, Capt Liefeldt to Maj Pritchard, Dated 7 October 1915, to the Report on Chief Mandume’s Affairs, Violation of Angola-Ovamboland Boundary, Dated 14 May 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Incident Report of Mandume Entering the Neutral Zone on 17 February 1916 from Maj C.E. Fairlie to Maj C.N. Manning, 21 February 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Portuguese Resident in Neutral Zone to Government Representative in Neutral Zone, Maj C.E. Fairlie, 2 March 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/3 Report on Chief Mandume’s Affairs and Violation of Angola-Ovamboland Boundary, 31 May 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629 Boundary between South West Africa, Report of the South West Africa Protectorate Secretary on the Disputed Boundary, 11 February 1926.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Animal Casualties, Ovamboland Expedition as Annexure J to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager. 31 March 1917
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Field State of Ovamboland Expeditionary Force, Dated 31 December 1916 as Annexure B to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager. 31 March 1917
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Field State of Ovamboland Expeditionary Force, Dated 31 December 1916, as Annexure C to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager. 31 March 1917
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Field State of Ovamboland Expeditionary Force, Dated 31 December 1916 as Annexure D to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager. 31 March 1917
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Field State of Ovamboland Expeditionary Force, Dated 31 December 1916, as Annexure E to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager. 31 March 1917
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Map of Ovamboland as Annexure A to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager. 31 March 1917
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Report to Deputy Secretary for the Protectorate on Mandume by Maj C.N. Manning, 23 October 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 257, File 35, Appendix 2 Ovamboland War Diary
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Resident Commissioner to Secretary for the Protectorate on Chief Mandume’s Affairs, 15 February 1916d.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Chief Mandume and Armed Followers at Namakunde Station, Dated 15 October 1916e.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Correspondence between Maj C.E. Fairlie and Maj C.N. Manning on Mandume, Dated 24 October 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Correspondence between Maj C.E. Fairlie and Maj C.N. Manning on Mandume, Dated 24 October 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Letter from Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affair to the British Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal, 25 May 1916g.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Resident Commissioner to Deputy Secretary for the Protectorate on the Establishment of a Garrison at Namakunde, 16 October 1916h.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Memorandum by Maj C.N. Manning, 3 November 1916f.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate . 49, File 629/4 Memorandum by Resident Commissioner, 3 November 1916i.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Report to the Resident Commissioner regarding Mandume by Maj C.E. Fairlie, 27 October 1916j.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Statements Identifying Mandume’s Body as Annexure F to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager, 31 March 1917a.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Summary of Killed and Wounded in Action as Annexure G to the Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland by Col M.J. de Jager, 31 March 1917b.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 49, File 629/4 Verbatim Report of a Meeting Held at the Government Residency, Namakunde, 14 February 1917c, Between Col De Jager, Officer Commanding Ovamboland Expeditionary Force, and Various Headmen of the Ovakuanyama Tribe.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629 Report to Secretary for Defence from Administrator for the Protectorate, 26 May 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/1 Report on Chief Mandume’s Affairs, Violation of Angola-Ovamboland Boundary, 15 May 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Report on Defence at Namakunde Residence, 22 October 1916.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629/4 Report on Establishing a Garrison at Namakunde, 16 October 1916.National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629 Part 1, Boundary Between Angola and South West Africa.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629 Visit Report from Maj C.E. Fairlie to Maj C.N. Manning, Dated 13 May 1915.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629 Visit Report from Maj C.E. Fairlie to Maj C.N. Manning, Dated 13 May 1915.
   Google Scholar
• National Archives of Namibia: Secretary for the Protectorate. 48, File 629 Visit Report from Maj C.E. Fairlie to Maj C.N. Manning, Dated 13 May 1915.
   Google Scholar
• Pohamba, H. Statement by His Excellency Hifikepunye Pohamba, President of the Republic of Namibia, on the Occasion of the Commemoration of the Death of Ohamba Mandume Ya Ndemuyao (1893-1917) at Omhedi, Ohangwena Region, 2 March 2013. Accessed March 27, 2022. http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/OPDev1/t2news/2013/news_0011.html
   Google Scholar
• Shiweda, N. “Mandume ya Ndemufayo’s Memorials in Namibia and Angola.” MA diss., University of the Western Cape, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Silvester, J., M. Wallace, and P. Hayes. “Trees Never Meet:’ Mobility and Containment: An Overview 1915-1946.” In Namibia Under South African Rule: Mobility & Containment, 1915–46, edited by P. Hayes, J. Silvester, M. Wallace, and W. Hartman, 3–48. Oxford: James Currey, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Smit, A. P. Gedenkboek van M.J. de Jager. Boerekryger, Staatsartileris en Militêr. Pretoria: Protea Boekhuis, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• South African National Defence Force Archives: World War 1 German South West Africa and German East Africa. 22, File 1705/9199 Report to Deputy Secretary for the Protectorate on Arms and Ammunition in Ovamboland by Maj C.N. Manning, 6 August 1916.
   Google Scholar
• South African National Defence Force Archives: World War 1 German South West Africa and German East Africa. 1&2, File 1705.9199, Correspondence Between Protectorate Administrator and Minister for Defence, Dated 24 October 1916.
   Google Scholar
• South African National Defence Force Archives: World War 1 German South West Africa and German East Africa. 1&2, File 1705 9199 Correspondence Between Protectorate Administrator and Minister for Defence 23 October 1916
   Google Scholar
• South African National Defence Force Archives: World War 1 German South West Africa and German East Africa. 1&2, File 1705 9199 Correspondence Between Protectorate Administrator and OC Union Troops 24 November 1916
   Google Scholar
• South African National Defence Force Archives: World War 1 German South West Africa and German East Africa. 1&2, File 1705 9199 Correspondence Between Protectorate Administrator and Minister for Defence 24 October 1916
   Google Scholar
• Union of South Africa: UG 37 – 17: Report on the Conduct of the Ovakuanyama Chief Mandume and on the Military Operations Conducted against Him in Ovamboland, 11 April 1917.
   Google Scholar
• Union of South Africa: UG 38 – 15: Report on Tour to Ovamboland, October 1915 by Maj S.M. Pritchard.
   Google Scholar
• Vigne, R. “The Movable Frontier: The Namibia-Angolan Boundary Demarcation 1926-1928.” In Namibia Under South African Rule: Mobility & Containment, 1915–46, edited by P. Hayes, J. Silvester, M. Wallace, and W. Hartman, 289–299. Oxford: James Currey, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, M. A History of Namibia: From the Beginning to 1990. Auckland Park: Jacana Media, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Werner, W. “Struggles in the Namibian Countryside, 1915-50: Some Preliminary Notes.” In selected papers and proceedings of the International Conference on ‘Namibia 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia’s History and Society’, edited by B. Wood, 268–280. London: Lithosphere, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Werner, W. “Struggles in the Namibian Countryside, 1915-50: Some Preliminary Notes.” In Selected Papers and Proceedings of the International Conference on ‘Namibia 1884-1984: Readings on Namibia’s History and Society’, edited by B. Wood, 268–280. London: Lithosphere, 1988.
   Google Scholar