References
- Barrena R, Vázquez F, Sánchez A. The use of respiration indices in the composting process: a review. Waste Manag Res. 2006;24:37–47. doi: 10.1177/0734242X06062385
- Villaseñor J, Pérez MA, Fernández FJ, Puchalski CM. Monitoring respiration and biological stability during sludge composting with a modified dynamic respirometer. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:6562–6568. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.080
- Chica AF, Mohedo JJ, Martín MA, Martín A. Determination of the stability of MSW compost using a respirometric technique. Compost Sci Util. 2003;12:119–129.
- Gea T, Barrena R, Artola A, Sánchez A. Monitoring the biological activity of the composting process: oxygen uptake rate (OUR), respirometric index (RI), and respiratory quotient (RQ). Biotechnol Bioeng. 2004;88:520–527. doi: 10.1002/bit.20281
- Mari I, Ehaliotis C, Kotsou M, Balis C, Georgakakis D. Respiration profiles in monitoring the composting of by-products from the olive oil agro-industry. Bioresour Technol. 2003;87:331–336. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00238-9
- Adani F, Confalonieri R, Tambone F. Dynamic respiration index as a descriptor of the biological stability of organic wastes. J Environ Qual. 2004;33:1866–1876. doi: 10.2134/jeq2004.1866
- Adani F, Ubbiali C, Generini P. The determination of biological stability of composts using the dynamic respiration index: the results of experience after two years. Waste Manag. 2006;26:41–48. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.025
- European Commission. Working document. Biological treatment of biowaste. 2nd draft [Internet]; 2001. Available from: http//europa.eu.int/comm./environtment/waste/facts_en.htm
- Körner I, Braukmeier J, Heerenklage J, Leikam K, Ritzkowski M, Schlegelmilch M, Stegmann R. Investigation and optimization of composting processes – test systems and practical examples. Waste Manag. 2003;23:17–26. doi: 10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00148-4
- Schlegelmilch M, Streese J, Biedermann W, Herold T, Stegmann R. Odour control at biowaste composting facilities. Waste Manag. 2005;25:917–927. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.011
- Neal AB, Loehr RC. Use of biofilters and suspended-growth reactors to treat VOCs. Waste Manag. 2000;20:59–68. doi: 10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00297-4
- Gaudin F, Andres Y, Le Cloirec P. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration. Chemosphere. 2008;70:958–966. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.014
- Dorado AD, Lafuente FJ, Gabriel D, Gamisans X. A comparative study based on physical characteristics of suitable packing materials in biofiltration. Environ Technol. 2010;31:193–204. doi: 10.1080/09593330903426687
- EN 13725. Air quality – determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry. Brussels: Comité Européen de Normalisation; 2003.
- Anne-Claude R, Julien D, Jaques N. Complementary approaches to measure environmental odours emitted by landfill areas. Sensor Actuat B-Chem. 2008;31:18–23.
- Gutiérrez MC, Martín MA, Chica AF. Usual variables and odour concentration to evaluate composting process and odour impact. Environ Technol. 2014;35:709–718. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.846941
- Scaglia B, Acutis M, Adani F. Precision determination for the dynamic respirometric index (DRI) method used for biological stability evaluation on municipal solid waste and derived products. Waste Manag. 2011;31:2–9. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.024
- Pagans E, Font X, Sánchez A. Emission of volatile organic compounds from composting of different solid waste: abatement by biofiltration. J Hazard Mater. 2006;131:179–186. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.017
- Lebrero R, Rodríguez E, García-Encina PA, Muñoz R. A comparative assessment of biofiltration and activated sludge diffusion for odour abatement. J Hazard Mater. 2011;190:622–630. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.090
- European Guideline EN 13041. Soil improvers and growing media – determination of physical properties: dry bulk density, air volume, water volume, shrinkage value and total pore space; 2012.
- Nicolai RE, Clanton CJ, Janni KA, Malzer GL. Ammonia removal during biofiltration as affected by inlet air temperature and media moisture content. Trans ASABE. 2006;49:1125–1138. doi: 10.13031/2013.21730
- Chen L, Hoff SJ, Koziel JA, Cai L, Zelle B, Sun G. Performance evaluation of a wood chip-based biofilter using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99: 7767–7780. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.085
- Capelli L, Sironi S, Del Rosso R, Céntola P. Predicting odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants by means of odour emission factors. Water Res. 2009;43:1977–1985. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.022
- The US Department of Agriculture and The US Composting Council. Test methods for the examination of composting and compost (TMECC). Houston (TX): Edaphos International; 2002.
- Adani F, Gigliotti G, Valentini F, Laraia R. Respiration index determination: a comparative study of different methods. Compost Sci Util. 2003;11:144–151. doi: 10.1080/1065657X.2003.10702120
- Arcos MA, Dios M, Rosal A. Estudio del compostaje de residuos sólidos urbanos en sistemas de alta eficacia. Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía; 2006.
- Royal Decree 506/2013 of 28 June 2013 on fertilizer products. No. 164, Sec. I. Pag. 51175.
- Lasaridi KE, Stentiford EI. A simple respirometric technique for assessing compost stability. Water Res. 1998;32: 3717–3723. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00143-2
- Sun Y, Quan X, Chen J, Yang F, Xue D, Liu Y, Yang Z. Toluene vapour degradation and microbial community in biofilter at various moisture contents. Process Biochem. 2002;38:109–113. doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00056-0
- Ying-Chien C. Evaluation of gas removal and bacterial community diversity in a biofilter developed to treat composting exhaust gases. J Hazard Mater. 2007;144:377–385. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.045
- Guilherme D, George B, Richard S, Joseph LT, Mark S. Moisture effects on greenhouse gases generation in nitrifying gas-phase compost biofilters. Water Res. 2012;46: 3023–3031. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.007
- Netherlands Emissions Guideline (NeR). Compost production from household organic waste. Chapter 3.3. G4; 2003.
- Kennes C, Veiga MC, editors. Bioreactors for waste gas treatment. La Coruña, Spain: University of La Coruña. La Coruña, Spain; 2001.
- Hort C, Gracyb S, Platel V, Moynault L. Evaluation of sewage sludge and yard waste compost as a biofilter media for the removal of ammonia and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Chem Eng J. 2009;152:44–53. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.03.026