The enhanced effect of oxalic acid on the electroreduction of Cr(VI) via formation of intermediate Cr(VI)-oxalate complex

References

• Wang C, Gu L, Ge S, et al. Remediation potential of immobilized bacterial consortium with biochar as carrier in pyrene-Cr(VI) co-contaminated soil. Environ Technol. 2018;39:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson P, Loganathan C, Krishnan V, et al. Plant extract as environmental-friendly green catalyst for the reduction of hexavalent chromium in tannery effluent. Environ Technol. 2018;39:1376–1383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panousi E, Mamais D, Noutsopoulos C, et al. Biological groundwater treatment for hexavalent chromium removal at low chromium concentrations under anoxic conditions. Environ Technol. 2017;38:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Wang X, Hu P, et al. Dual enhancement-inhibition roles of polycarboxylates in Cr(VI) reduction and organic pollutant oxidation in electrical plasma system. Chemosphere. 2016;144:1611–1617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera-Díaz CE, Lugo-Lugo V, Bilyeu B. A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction. J Hazard Mater. 2012;223-224:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ölmez T. The optimization of Cr(VI) reduction and removal by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology. J Hazard Mater. 2009;162:1371–1378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Chen C, Wu Y, et al. Synergism of CuS and tartaric acid in the reduction of Cr(VI) under an irradiation of simulated solar light. Environ Technol. 2017;38:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner JE, Solomon KR. Acidity as a factor in leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated dimension lumber. Environ Toxicol Chem. 1990;9:1331–1337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohajerani A, Vajna J, Ellcock R. Chromated copper arsenate timber: A review of products, leachate studies and recycling. J Clean Prod. 2018;179:292–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng B, Stone AT. Surface-catalyzed chromium(VI) reduction: reactivity comparisons of different organic reductants and different oxide surfaces. Environ Sci Technol. 1996;30:2484–2494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Ma W, Chen C, et al. Photochemical coupling reactions between Fe(III)/Fe(II), Cr(VI)/Cr(III), and polycarboxylates: inhibitory effect of Cr species. Environ Sci Technol. 2008;42:7260–7266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar B, Naidu R, Krishnamurti GSR, et al. Manganese(II)-catalyzed and clay-minerals-mediated reduction of chromium(VI) by citrate. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47:13629–13636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Zhu L, Deng K, et al. Visible light photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) on TiO2 in situ modified with small molecular weight organic acids. Appl Catal B: Environ. 2010;95:400–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Xin S, Liu Y, et al. The role of thiocyanate in enhancing the process of sulfite reducing Cr(VI) by inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species. J Hazard Mater. 2018;343:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Liu M, Liu Y, et al. Theoretical analyses of organic acids assisted surface-catalyzed reduction of Cr VI on TiO 2 nanowire arrays. Appl Catal B: Environ. 2016;198:508–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin W, Du H, Zheng S, et al. Electrochemical processes for the environmental remediation of toxic Cr(VI): A review. Electrochim Acta. 2016;191:1044–1055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruotolo L, Gubulin J. Reduction of hexavalent chromium using polyaniline films. effect of film thickness, potential and flow velocity on the reaction rate and polymer stability. J Appl Electrochem. 2003;33:1217–1222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhar RK, Zheng Y, Rubenstone J, et al. A rapid colorimetric method for measuring arsenic concentrations in groundwater. Anal Chim Acta. 2004;526:203–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian A, Liao P, Yuan S, et al. Efficient reduction of Cr(VI) in groundwater by a hybrid electro-Pd process. Water Res. 2014;48:326–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg G. Colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Ind Eng Chem Anal Ed. 1943;15:327–328.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts E, Yu H. Chromium removal using a porous carbon felt cathode. J Appl Electrochem. 2002;32:1091–1099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana P, Mohan N, Rajagopal C. Electrochemical removal of chromium from wastewater by using carbon aerogel electrodes. Water Res. 2004;38:2811–2820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokare AD, Choi W. Chromate-induced activation of hydrogen peroxide for oxidative degradation of aqueous organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol. 2010;44:7232–7237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo X, Yang ZH, Xu HY, et al. Combination of cathodic reduction with adsorption for accelerated removal of Cr(VI) through reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes modified with sulfuric acid–glycine co-doped polyaniline. J Hazard Mater. 2015;286:493–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Zheng J, Qiu S, et al. Review on electrical discharge plasma technology for wastewater remediation. Chem Eng J. 2014;236:348–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargisyan S. Influence of the nature of the electrode on the electrolytic oxidation of oxalic acid. Elektrokhimiya. 1982;18:845–847.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Chen C, Ma W, et al. Photochemical coupling of iron redox reactions and transformation of low-molecular-weight organic matter. J Phys Chem Lett. 2012;3:2044–2051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murayama T, Yamanaka I. Electrosynthesis of neutral H2O2 solution from O2 and water at a mixed carbon cathode using an exposed solid-polymer-electrolyte electrolysis cell. J Phys Chem C. 2011;115:5792–5799.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Guo J, Wang Z, et al. A green approach towards simultaneous remediations of chromium(VI) and arsenic(III) in aqueous solution. Chem Eng J. 2015;262:1144–1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettine M, Campanella L, Millero FJ. Reduction of hexavalent chromium by H2O2 in acidic solutions. Environ Sci Technol. 2002;36:901–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Xin S, Gao L, et al. Dramatically enhanced aerobic Cr(VI) reduction with scrap zero-valent aluminum induced by oxalate. Chem Eng J. 2017;308:588–596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell RP, Lay PA, Levina A, et al. An EPR spectroscopic study of chromium(V) oxalato complexes in aqueous solutions. Mechanism of the chromium(VI) oxidation of oxalic acid. Inorg Chem. 1998;37:3159–3166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Lay PA. EPR spectroscopic studies on the formation of chromium(V) peroxo complexes in the reaction of chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide. Inorg Chem. 1998;37:1729–1733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, He H, Liu Y, et al. pH-dependent roles of polycarboxylates in electron transfer between Cr(VI) and weak electron donors. Chemosphere. 2018;197:367–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levina A, Lay PA. Mechanistic studies of relevance to the biological activities of chromium. Coordin Chem Rev. 2005;249:281–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin S, Ellis DE. DFT studies of Cr(VI) complex adsorption on hydroxylated hematite surfaces. Surf Sci. 2009;603:736–746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang B, Wang X, Liu Y, et al. The roles of polycarboxylates in Cr(VI)/sulfite reaction system: involvement of reactive oxygen species and intramolecular electron transfer. J Hazard Mater. 2016;304:457–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codd R, Lay PA, Levina A. Stability and ligand exchange reactions of chromium(IV) carboxylato complexes in aqueous solutions. Inorg Chem. 1997;36:5440–5448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francisco RV, Carlos OE, Jorge GI, et al. Electroreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) on reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes in a parallel-plate reactor with recirculation. Environ Sci Technol. 2005;39:1875–1879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy KG, Breslin CB. Reduction of hexavalent chromium at a polypyrrole-coated aluminium electrode: synergistic interactions. J Appl Electrochem. 2004;34:191–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Kim J, Choi W. Oxidation of aquatic pollutants by ferrous–oxalate complexes under dark aerobic conditions. J Hazard Mater. 2014;274:79–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clausen C. Improving the two-step remediation process for CCA-treated wood: part I. evaluating oxalic acid extraction. Waste Manag. 2004;24:401–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar