In situ field method for evaluating biodegradation potential of BTEX by indigenous heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms in a BTEX-contaminated fractured-rock aquifer

References

• Beller HR, Edwards EA. Anaerobic toluene activation by benzylsuccinate synthase in a highly enriched methanogenic culture. Appl Environ Microb. 2000;66:5503–5505. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.12.5503-5505.2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Futamata H, Harayama S, Watanabe K. Group-specific monitoring of phenol hydroxylase genes for a functional assessment of phenol-stimulated TCE bioremediation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67:4671–4677. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4671-4677.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfreider A, Vogt C, Babel W. Expression of chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase and chlorocatechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes in chlorobenzene-contaminated subsurface samples. Appl Environ Microb. 2003;69:1372–1376. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1372-1376.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin BR, Nakatsu CH, Nies L. Detection and enumeration of aromatic oxygenase genes by multiplex and real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microb. 2003;69:3350–3358. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.6.3350-3358.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenderoth DF, Rosenbrock P, Abraham WR, et al. Bacterial community dynamics during biostimulation and bioaugmentation experiments aiming at chlorobenzene degradation in groundwater. Microb Ecol. 2003;46:161–176. doi: 10.1007/s00248-003-2005-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balcke GU, Turunen LP, Geyer R, et al. Chlorobenzene biodegradation under consecutive aerobic-anaerobic conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004;49:109–120. doi: 10.1016/j.femsec.2003.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capiro NL, Stafford BP, Da Silva MLB, et al. Microbial community response to a release of neat ethanol onto residual hydrocarbons in a pilot-scale aquifer tank. Environ Microbiol. 2008;10:2236–2244. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01645.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao CH, Chen CS, Tsa FY, et al. Application of real-time PCR, DGGE fingerprinting, and culture-based method to evaluate the effectiveness of intrinsic bioremediation on the control of petroleum-hydrocarbon plume. J Hazard Mater. 2010;178:409–416. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty R, O’Connor SM, Chan E, et al. Anaerobic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene by Dechloromonas strain RCB. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:8649–8655. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8649-8655.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinoda Y, Akagi J, Uchihashi Y, et al. Anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds by Magnetospirillum strains: isolation and degradation genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005;69:1483–1491. doi: 10.1271/bbb.69.1483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasai Y, Takahata Y, Manefield M, et al. RNA based stable isotope probing and isolation of anaerobic benzene-degrading bacteria from gasoline-contaminated groundwater. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:3586–3592. doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3586-3592.2006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlbrand L, Kallerhoff B, Lange D, et al. Functional proteomic view of metabolic regulation in Aromatoleum aromaticum strain EbN1. Proteomics. 2007;7:2222–2239. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200600987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weelink SAB, Van Doesburg W, Saia FT, et al. A strictly anaerobic betaproteobacterium Georgfuchsia toluolica gen. nov., sp. nov. degrades aromatic compounds with Fe(III), Mn(IV) or nitrate as an electron acceptor. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2009;70:243–253. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00778.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunapuli U, Griebler C, Beller HR, et al. Identification of intermediates formed during anaerobic benzene degradation by an iron-reducing enrichment culture. Environ Microbiol. 2008;10:1703–1712. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01588.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunapuli U, Jahn MK, Lueders T, et al. Desulfitobacterium aromaticivorans sp. nov. and Geobacter toluenoxydans sp. nov., iron-reducing bacteria capable of anaerobic degradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010;60:686–695. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.003525-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ommedal H, Torsvik T. Desulfotignum toluenicmum sp. nov., a novel toluene-degrading, sulphate reducing bacterium isolated from an oil-reservoir model column. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2007;57:2865–2869. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.65067-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficker M, Krastel K, Orlicky S, et al. Molecular characterization of a toluene-degrading methanogenic consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65:5576–5585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend OM, Imboden DM. Environmental organic chemistry. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Cho Y, Han K, Kim N, et al. Estimating in situ biodegradation rates of petroleum hydrocarbons and microbial population dynamics by performing single-well push–pull tests in a fractured bedrock aquifer. Water Air Soil Poll. 2013;224:1364–1377. doi: 10.1007/s11270-012-1364-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Istok JD, Humphrey MD, Schroth MH, et al. Single-well push–pull test method for in situ determination of microbial metabolic activities. Ground Water. 1997;35:619–631. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00127.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y, Istok JD, Semprini L. Push–pull tests evaluating in situ aerobic cometabolism of ethylene, propylene, and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene. J Cont Hydrol. 2006;82:165–181. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuthner B, Leutwein C, Schulz H, et al. Biochemical and genetic characterization of benzylsuccinate synthase from Thauera aromatica: a new glycyl radical enzyme catalysing the first step in anaerobic toluene metabolism. Mol Microbiol. 1998;28:615–628. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00826.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood CS, Burchhardt G, Herrmann H, et al. Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds via the benzoyl-CoA pathway. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1998;22:439–458. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00380.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabus R, Widdel F. Anaerobic degradation of ethylbenzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons by new denitrifying bacteria. Arch Microbiol. 1995;163:96–103. doi: 10.1007/BF00381782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolfing J, Zeyer J, Bindereicher P, et al. Isolation and characterization of a bacterium that mineralizes toluene in the absence of molecular-oxygen. Arch Microbiol. 1990;154:336–341. doi: 10.1007/BF00276528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries MR, Zhou JH, Chee-Sanford J, et al. Isolation, characterization, and distribution of denitrifying toluene degraders from a variety of habitats. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994;60:2802–2810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess A, Zarda B, Hahn D, et al. In situ analysis of denitrifying toluene- and m-xylene-degrading bacteria in a diesel fuel-contaminated laboratory aquifer column. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997;63:2136–2141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates JD, Chakraborty R, Lack JG, et al. Anaerobic benzene oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in pure culture by two strains of Dechloromonas. Nature. 2001;411:1039–1043. doi: 10.1038/35082545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball HA, Johnson HA, Reinhard M, et al. Initial reactions in anaerobic ethylbenzene oxidation by a denitrifying bacterium, strain EB1. J Bacteriol. 1996;178:5755–5761. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.19.5755-5761.1996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans PJ, Mang DT, Kim KS, et al. Anaerobic degradation of toluene by a denitrifying bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991;57:1139–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries MR, Forney LJ, Tiedje JM. Phenol- and toluene-degrading microbial populations from an aquifer in which successful trichloroethene cometabolism occurred. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997;63:1523–1530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harms G, Rabus R, Widdel F. Anaerobic oxidation of the aromatic plant hydrocarbon p-cymene by newly isolated denitrifying bacteria. Arch Microbiol. 1999;172:303–312. doi: 10.1007/s002030050784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechichi T, Stackebrandt E, Gad’on N, et al. Phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of bacteria degrading aromatic compounds under denitrifying conditions, and description of Thauera phenylacetica sp nov., Thauera aminoaromatica sp nov., and Azoarcus buckelii sp nov. Arch Microbiol. 2002;178:26–35. doi: 10.1007/s00203-002-0422-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinoda Y, Sakai Y, Uenishi H, et al. Aerobic and anaerobic toluene degradation by a newly isolated denitrifying bacterium, Thauera sp strain DNT-1. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004;70:1385–1392. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1385-1392.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harms G, Zengler K, Rabus R, et al. Anaerobic oxidation of o-xylene, m-xylene, and homologous alkylbenzenes by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65:999–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabus R, Nordhaus R, Ludwig W, et al. Complete oxidation of toluene under strictly anoxic conditions by a new sulfate-reducing bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993;59:1444–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovley D, Lonergan DJ. Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the disssimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990;56:1858–1864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates JD, Bhupathiraju VK, Achenbach LA, et al. Geobacter hydrogenophilus, Geobacter chapellei and Geobacter grbiciae, three new, strictly anaerobic, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducers. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2001;51:581–588. doi: 10.1099/00207713-51-2-581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar