Evaluation of three measures of cardiorespiratory fitness in independently ambulant stroke survivors

References

• American College of Sports Medicine 2010 ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 8th edn. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society 2002 ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 166: 111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physicians 2003 ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 167: 211–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson G, Nevill AM 1998 Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Medicine 26: 217–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baert I, Vanlandewijck Y, Feys H, Vanhees L, Beyens H, Daly D 2012 Determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness at 3, 6 and 12 months poststroke. Disability and Rehabilitation 34: 1835–1842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassett DR Jr, Howley ET 2000 Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32: 70–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, Eng JJ, Franklin BA, Johnson CM, MacKay-Lyons M, Macko RF, Mead GE, Roth EJ, et al. 2014 Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45: 2532–2553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billinger SA, Coughenour E, Mackay-Lyons MJ, Ivey FM 2012 Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: biological consequences and exercise-induced adaptations. Stroke Research and Treatment 2012: 959120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bland JM, Altman DG 1986 Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 18476: 307–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley J, Howard J, Wallace E, Elborn S 1999 Validity of a modified shuttle test in adult cystic fibrosis. Thorax 54: 437–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho C, Willen C, Sunnerhagen KS 2008 Relationship between walking function and one-legged bicycling test in subjects in the later stage post-stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 40: 721–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J 1988 Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edn. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Courbon A, Calmels P, Roche F, Ramas J, Rimaud D, Fayole-Minon I 2006 Relationship between maximal exercise capacity and walking capacity in adult hemiplegic stroke patients. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85: 436–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dourado VZ, Guerra RL, Tanni SE, Antunes LC, Godoy I 2013 Reference values for the incremental shuttle walk test in healthy subjects: from the walk distance to physiological responses. Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia 39: 190–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn A, Marsden DL, Nugent E, Van Vliet P, Spratt NJ, Attia J, Callister R 2015 Protocol variations and six-minute walk test performance in stroke survivors: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Stroke Research and Treatment 2015: 484813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edvardsen E, Hem E, Anderssen SA 2014 End criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake must be strict and adjusted to sex and age: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 9: e85276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng JJ, Dawson AS, Chu KS 2004 Submaximal exercise in persons with stroke: test-retest reliability and concurrent validity with maximal oxygen consumption. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85: 113–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English C, Manns PJ, Tucak C, Bernhardt J 2014 Physical activity and sedentary behaviours in people with stroke living in the community: a systematic review. Physical Therapy 94: 185–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flansbjer UB, Holmb AM, Downham D, Patten C, Lexell J 2005 Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 37: 75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP 2011 American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 43: 1334–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaverth J, Parker R, MacKay-Lyons M 2015 Exercise stress testing after stroke or transient ischemic attack – a scoping review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 96: 1349–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gellish RL, Goslin BR, Olson RE, McDonald A, Russi GD, Moudgil VK 2007 Longitudinal modeling of the relationship between age and maximal heart rate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 39: 822–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons WJ, Fruchter N, Sloan S, Levy RD 2001 Reference values for a mutliple repetition 6-minute walk test in healthy adults older than 20 years. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 21: 87–93.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon CD, Wilks R, McCaw-Binns A 2013 Effect of aerobic exercise (walking) training on functional status and health-related quality of life in chronic stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke 44: 1179–1181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins WG 2001 Measures of validity In: A New View of Statistics. http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/valid.html
   Google Scholar
• Howley ET, Bassett DR Jr, Welch HG 1995 Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27: 1292–1301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huggett DL, Connelly DM, Overend TJ 2005 Maximal aerobic capacity testing of older adults: a critical review. Journal of Gerontology 60A: 57–66.
   Google Scholar
• Karvonen M, Kentala K, Mustala O 1957 The effects of training heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis Et Biologiae Fenniae 35: 307–315.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly JO, Kilbreath SL, Davis GM, Zeman B, Raymond J 2003 Cardiorespiratory fitness and walking ability in subacute stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 84: 1780–1785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim BR, Han EY, Joo SJ, Kim SY, Yoon HM 2014 Cardiovascular fitness as a predictor of functional recovery in subacute stroke patients. Disability and Rehabilitation 36: 227–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DC, Artero EG, Sui X, Blair SN 2010 Mortality trends in the general population: the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness. Journal of Psychopharmacology 244 Supp: 27–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Little RJ, Rubin DB 2002 Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, 2nd edn. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Marsden DL, Dunn A, Callister R, McElduff P, Levi CR, Spratt NJ 2016 A home- and community-based physical activity program can improve the cardiorespiratory fitness and walking capacity of stroke survivors. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 25: 2386–2398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natelson BH 1985 Neurocardiology. An interdisciplinary area for the 80s. Archives of Neurology 42: 178–184.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pang MY, Eng JJ, Dawson AA, McKay HA, Harris JE 2005 A community-based fitness and mobility exercise program for older adults with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53: 1667–1674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang MY, Eng JJ, Dawson AS 2005 Relationship between ambulatory capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness in chronic stroke: influence of stroke-specific impairments. Chest 127: 495–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parreira VF, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Evans RA, Mathur S, Goldstein RS, Brooks D 2014 Measurement properties of the incremental shuttle walk test: a systematic review. Chest 145: 1357–1369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock ML, Lowenthal DT, Foster C, Pels AE, Rod J, Stoiber J, Schmidt DH 1991 Acute and chronic responses to exercise in patients treated with beta blockers. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 11: 132–144.
   Google Scholar
• Salbach NM, Brooks D, Romano J, Woon L, Dolmage TE 2014 Cardiorespiratory responses during the 6-minute walk and ramp cycle ergometer tests and their relationship to physical activity in stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 28: 111–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SJ, Morgan MDL, Scott S, Walters D, Hardman AE 1992 Development of a shuttle walking test of disability in patients with chronic airways obstruction. Thorax 47: 1019–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stookey AD, McCusker MG, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, Shaughnessy M, Macko R, Ivey FM 2013 Test-retest reliability of portable metabolic monitoring after disabling stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 27: 872–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan GM, Feinn R 2012 Using effect size - or why the P value is not enough. Journal of Graduate Medicine Education 4: 279–282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang A, Sibley KM, Bayley MT, McIlroy WE, Brooks D 2006 Do functional walk tests reflect cardiorespiratory fitness in sub-acute stroke? Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation 3: 23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesch PA 1985 Exercise performance and beta-blockade. Sports Medicine 2: 389–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokgozoglu SL, Batur MK, Topcuoglu MA, Saribas O, Kes S, Oto A 1999 Effects of stroke localisation on cardiac autonomic balance and sudden death. Stroke 30: 1307–1311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng BY, Kluding P 2009 The relationship between fatigue, aerobic fitness, and motor control in people with chronic stroke: a pilot study. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy 32: 97–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bloemendaal M, Kokkeler AM, van de Port IG 2012 The shuttle walk test: a new approach to functional walking capacity measurements for patients after stroke? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 93: 163–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Port IG, Kwakkel G, Wittink H 2015 Systematic review of cardiopulmonary exercise testing post stroke: are we adhering to practice recommendations? Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 47: 881–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verschuren O, Takken T, Ketelaar M, Gorter J, Helders PJ 2006 Reliability and validity of data for 2 newly developed shuttle run tests in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy 86: 1107–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Win T, Jackson A, Groves AM, Sharples LD, Charman SC, Laroche CM 2006 Comparison of shuttle walk with measured peak oxygen consumption in patients with operable lung cancer. Thorax 61: 57–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar