Publication Cover
Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
An International Journal of Physical Therapy
Volume 39, 2023 - Issue 5
356
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Case Reports

Using an external focus of attention for gait retraining in runners: A case report

, MS, ATC, , MS, ATC & , PhDORCID Icon
Pages 1083-1094 | Received 13 Oct 2020, Accepted 25 Dec 2021, Published online: 07 Feb 2022

References

  • Barrios J, Crossley K, Dip G, Davis I 2010 Gait retraining to reduce the knee adduction moment through real-time visual feedback of dynamic knee alignment. Journal of Biomechanics 43: 2208–2213. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.040.
  • Bates B 1996 Single-subject methodology: An alternative approach. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 28: 631–638.
  • Chan Z, Zhang J, Au I, An W, Shum G, Ng G, Cheung R 2018 Gait retraining for the reduction of injury occurrence in novice distance runners: 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine 46: 388–395. 10.1177/0363546517736277.
  • Ching E, Winko W, Au I, Zhang J, Chan Z, Shum G, Cheung R 2018 Impact loading during distracted running before and after gait retraining. International Journal of Sports Medicine 39: 1075–1080. 10.1055/a-0667-9875.
  • Chow J, Woo M, Koh M 2014 Effects of external and internal attention focus training on foot-strike patterns in running. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 9: 307–320. 10.1260/1747-9541.9.2.307.
  • Clansey A, Hanlon M, Wallace E, Nevill A, Lake M 2014 Influence of tibial shock feedback training on impact loading and running economy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 46: 973–981. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000182.
  • Collins N, Barton C, Van Middelkoop M, Callaghan M, Rathleff M, Vicenzino B, Davis I, Power C, Macri E, Hart H, et al. 2018 Consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions (orthoses, taping and manual therapy) to treat patellofemoral pain: Recommendations from the 5th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Gold Coast, Australia, 2017. British Journal of Sports Medicine 52: 1170–1178.
  • Creaby M, Franettovich Smith M 2016 Retraining running gait to reduce tibial loads with clinician or accelerometry guided feedback. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 19: 288–292. 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.05.003.
  • Crowell H, Davis I 2011 Gait retraining to reduce lower extremity loading in runners. Clinical Biomechanics 26: 78–83. 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.09.003.
  • Davis I, Bowser B, Mullineaux D 2016 Greater vertical impact loading in female runners with medically diagnosed injuries: A prospective investigation. British Journal of Sports Medicine 50: 887–892. 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094579.
  • Davis I, Futrell E 2016 Gait retraining: Altering the fingerprint of gait. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 27: 339–355. 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.09.002.
  • Dempster J, Dutheil F, Ugbolue U 2021 The prevalence of lower extremity injuries in running and associated risk factors: A systematic review. Physical Activity and Health 5: 133–145. 10.5334/paah.109.
  • Derrick T 2014 Signal processing. Robertson D, Caldwell G, Hamill J, Kamen G, Whittlesey S Eds Research methods in biomechanics, 279–290. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Desai P, Jungmalm J, Börjesson M, Karlsson J, Grau S 2021 Recreational runners with a history of injury are twice as likely to sustain a running-related injury as runners with no history of injury: A 1-year prospective cohort study. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 51: 144–150. 10.2519/jospt.2021.9673.
  • Dierks T, Manal K, Hamill J, Davis I 2008 Proximal and distal influences on hip and knee kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain during a prolonged run. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 38: 448–456. 10.2519/jospt.2008.2490.
  • Dufek J, Bates B, Stergiou N, James C 1995 Interactive effects between group and single subject response patterns. Human Movement Science 14: 301–323.
  • Ferber R, Davis I, Williams D 2003 Gender differences in lower extremity mechanics during running. Clinical Biomechanics 18: 350–357. 10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00025-1.
  • Ferber R, Noehren B, Hamill J, Davis I 2010 Competitive female runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 40: 52–58. 10.2519/jospt.2010.3028.
  • Francis P, Whatman C, Sheerin K, Hume P, Johnson M 2019 The proportion of lower limb running injuries by gender, anatomical location and specific pathology: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 18: 21–31.
  • Hermens H, Bart F, Merletti R, Stegeman D, Block J, Rau G, Hagg G 1999 European recommendations for surface electromyography. Roessingh Research and Development 8: 13–54.
  • Hespanhol Junior L, van Mechelen W, Postuma E, Verhagen E 2016 Health and economic burden of running-related injuries in runners training for an event: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 26: 1091–1099. 10.1111/sms.12541.
  • Hespanhol Junior L, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E 2017 Health and economic burden of running-related injuries in Dutch trailrunners: A prospective cohort study. Sports Medicine 47: 367–377. 10.1007/s40279-016-0551-8.
  • Hopkins W 2006 Effect statistics. http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/ Accessed 21 August 2020.
  • Kakouris N, Yener N, Fong D 2021 A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners. Journal of Sport and Health Science 10: 513–522.
  • Messier S, Legault C, Schoenlank C, Jolla Newman J, Martin D, Devita P, Martin D 2008 Risk factors and mechanisms of knee injury in runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 40: 1873–1879. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817ed272.
  • Messier S, Martin D, Mihalko S, Ip E, DeVita P, Cannon D, Seay J, Beringer D, Saldana S, Fellin RE 2018 A 2-year prospective cohort study of overuse running injuries: The runners and injury longitudinal study (TRAILS). American Journal of Sports Medicine 46: 2211–2221. 10.1177/0363546518773755.
  • Milner C, Davis I, Hamill J 2006 Free moment as a predictor of tibial stress fracture in distance runners. Journal of Biomechanics 39: 2819–2825. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.09.022.
  • Milner C, Hamill J, Davis I 2010 Distinct hip and rearfoot kinematics in female runners with a history of tibial stress fracture. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 40: 59–66.
  • Moore I, Phillips D, Ashford K, Mullen R, Goom T, Gittoes M 2019 An interdisciplinary examination of attentional focus strategies used during running gait retraining. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 29: 1572–1582. 10.1111/sms.13490.
  • Noehren B, Scholz J, Davis I 2011 The effect of real-time gait retraining on hip kinematics, pain and function in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine 45: 691–696. 10.1136/bjsm.2009.069112.
  • O’Connor K, Hamill J 2004 The role of selected extrinsic foot muscles during running. Clinical Biomechanics 19: 71–77. 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.09.001.
  • Pohl M, Hamill J, Davis I 2009 Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 19: 372–376. 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181b8c270.
  • Pohl M, Mullineaux D, Milner C, Hamill J, Davis I 2008 Biomechanical predictors of retrospective tibial stress fractures in runners. Journal of Biomechanics 41: 1160–1165. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.001.
  • Roper J, Harding E, Doerfler D, Dexter J, Kravitz L, Dufek J, Mermier C 2016 The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: A randomized trial. Clinical Biomechanics 35: 14–22.
  • Seiler S 2010 What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 5: 276–291. 10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276.
  • Starkey C, Brown S 2015 Orthopedic and athletic injury examination handbook 3rd. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
  • Tosi M, Maslyanskaya S, Dodson N, Coupey S 2018 The female athlete triad: A comparison of knowledge and risk in adolescent and young adult figure skaters, dancers, and runners. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 32: 165–169. 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.10.007.
  • Willson J, Kernozek T, Arndt R, Reznichek D, Scott Straker J 2011 Gluteal muscle activation during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clinical Biomechanics 26: 735–740. 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.02.012.
  • Willwacher S, Goetze I, Fischer K, Brüggemann G 2016 The free moment in running and its relation to joint loading and injury risk. Footwear Science 8: 1–11. 10.1080/19424280.2015.1119890.
  • Willy R, Davis I 2013 Varied response to mirror gait retraining of gluteus medius control, hip kinematics, pain, and function in 2 female runners with patellofemoral pain. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 43: 864–874. 10.2519/jospt.2013.4516.
  • Willy R, Scholz J, Davis I 2012 Mirror gait retraining for the treatment of patellofemoral pain in female runners. Clinical Biomechanics 27: 1045–1051.
  • Wu G, Siegler S, Allard P, Kirtley C, Leardini A, Rosenbaum D, Stokes I, D’lima DD, Cristofolini L, Witte H 2002 ISB recommendations on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion - Part I: Ankle, hip, and spine. Journal of Biomechanics 35: 543–548. 10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00222-6.
  • Wulf G 2013 Attentional focus and motor learning: A review of 15 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6: 77–104. 10.1080/1750984X.2012.723728.
  • Yang P, Sanno M, Ganse B, Koy T, Brüggemann G, Müller L, Rittweger J 2014 Torsion and antero-posterior bending in the in vivo human tibia loading regimes during walking and running. PLoS One 9: e94525. 10.1371/journal.pone.0094525.
  • Yong J, Silder A, Montgomery K, Fredericson M, Delp S 2018 Acute changes in foot strike pattern and cadence affect running parameters associated with tibial stress fractures. Journal of Biomechanics 76: 1–7. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.05.017.
  • Zhang J, Chan Z, Au I, An W, Shull P, Cheung R 2019 Transfer learning effects of biofeedback running retraining in untrained conditions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 51: 1904–1908. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002007.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.