References
- Adams N, Ravey J, Bell J 1994a Review of personality characteristics in chronic back pain patients. Physiotherapy 80: 511–513
- Adams N, Ravey J, Bell J 1994b Investigation of personality characteristics in chronic low back pain patients attending physiotherapy out-patient departments. Physiotherapy 80: 514–519
- Bach M, Bach D, de Zwaan M 1996 Independency of alexithymia and somatization. A factor analytic study. Psychosomatics 37: 451–458
- Bagby M, Parker J, Taylor G 1994 The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—1. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38: 23–32
- Bagby M, Taylor G 1997a Affect dysregulation and alexithymia. In: Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JDA (eds) Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness, pp26–45. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- Bagby M, Taylor G 1997b Measurement and validation of the alexithymia construct. In: Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JDA (eds) Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness, pp46–66. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- Beaven D, Tollinton G 1994 Healing the split: A psychophysical approach to working with sexually abused teenage girls. Physiotherapy 80: 439–442
- Berenbaum H, James T 1994 Correlates and retrospectively reported antecedents of alexithymia. Psychosomatic Medicine 56: 353–359
- Berrios G 1985 The psychopathology of affectivity: Conceptual and historical aspects. Psychological Medicine 15; 745–758
- Blanchard E, Arena J, Pallmeyer T 1981 Psychometric properties of a scale to measure alexithymia. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 35: 64–71
- Bressi C, Taylor G, Parker J, Bressi S, Brambilla V, Aguglia E, Allegranti I, Bongiorno A, Giberti F, Bucca M, Todarello O, Callegari C, Vender S, Gala C, Invernizzi G 1996 Cross validation of the factor structure of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: An Italian multicenter study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 41: 551–559
- Burns N, Grove SK 1993 The practice of nursing research. Conduct, critique and utilisation, 2nd ed. WB Saunders, London
- Cecero JJ, Holstrom RW 1997 Alexithymia and affect pathology among adult male alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychology 53: 201–208
- Chatavedi S, Malhorta A, Varma V, Michael A 1984 Alexithymia—brief review and a study in chronic pain patients. Indian Journal Psychological Medicine 1: 21–25
- Cochrane CE, Brewerton TD, Wilson DB, Hodges EL 1993 Alexithymia in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 14: 219–222
- Cox BJ, Kuch K, Parker JD, Shulman ID, Evans RJ 1994 Alexithymia in somatoform disorder patients with chronic pain. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 38: 523–527
- Cox BJ, Swinson RP, Shulman ID, Bourdeau D 1995 Alexithymia in panic disorder and social phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 36: 195–198
- de Groot JM, Rodin G, Olmsted MP 1995 Alexithymia, depression, and treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa. Comprehensive Psychiatry 36: 53–60
- de Zwaan M, Bach M, Mitchell JE, Ackard D, Specker SM, Pyle RL, Pakesch G 1995 Alexithymia, obesity, and binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders 17: 135–140
- de Zwaan M, Biener D, Bach M, Wiesnagrotzki S, Stacher G 1996 Pain sensitivity, alexithymia, and depression in patients with eating disorders: Are they related? Journal of Psychosomatic Research 41: 65–70
- Dekker J, Van der Valk RWA, Verhaak PFM 1995 Psychosocial complaints and physical therapy. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 11, 175–186
- Demers-Desrosiers L, Cohen K, Catchlove R, Ramsey R 1983 The measure of symbolic function in alexithymic pain patients. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 39: 65–76
- Fernandez A, Sriram TG, Rajkumar S, Chandraseker A 1989 Alexithymic characteristics in rheumatoid arthritis: A controlled study. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 51: 45–50
- Freyberger H 1977 Supportive psychotherapeutic techniques in primary and secondary alexithymia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 28, 337–342
- Fukunishi I 1992 Psychosomatic problems surrounding kidney transplantation. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 57: 42–49
- Fukunishi I 1996 Alexithymia in substance abuse: Relationship to depression. Psychological Reports 78: 641–642
- Fukunishi I, Chishima Y, Anze M 1994 Posttraumatic stress disorder and alexithymia in burn patients. Psychological Reports 75: 1371–1376
- Fukunishi I, Kaji N, Nakagawa T, Nakamura H, Kikuchi M, Takubo M, Nishihara Y 1996a An investigation of the psychometric properties of the 26 item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a Japanese culture. Psychological Reports 79: 555–562
- Fukunishi S, Kikuchi M, Kaji N, Yamasaki K 1997a Can scores on alexithymia distinguish patients with peptic ulcer and erosive gastritis? Psychological Reports 80: 995–1004
- Fukunishi I, Kikuchi M, Takubo M 1997b Changes in scores on alexithymia over a period of psychiatric treatment. Psychological Reports 80: 483–489
- Fukunishi I, Kikuchi M, Wogan J, Takubo M 1997c Secondary alexithymia as a state reaction in panic disorder and social phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 38: 166–170
- Fukunishi I, Sasaki K, Chishima Y, Anze M, Saijo M 1996 Emotional disturbances in trauma patients during the rehabilitation phase: Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder and alexithymia. General Hospital Psychiatry 18: 121–127
- Gifford L 1998 Pain, the tissues and the nervous system: A conceptual model. Physiotherapy 84, 1, 27–36
- Harding V, Williams AC 1995a Applying psychology to enhance physiotherapy outcome (Editorial). Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 11, 129–132
- Harding V, Williams AC 1995b Extending physiotherapy skills using a psychological approach: Cognitive-behavioural management of chronic pain. Physiotherapy 81: 681–688
- Haviland MG, Hendryx MS, Shaw DG, Henry JP 1994 Alexithymia in women and men hospitalized for psychoactive substance dependence. Comprehensive Psychiatry 35: 124–128
- Hegna T, Sveram M (Eds) 1990 Psychological and psychosomatic problems. International Perspectives in Physical Therapy 5. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
- Hoppe K, Bogen J 1977 Alexithymia in twelve commisurotomized patients. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 28: 148–155
- Horton P, Gerwitz H, Kreutter K 1992 Alexithymia—State and Trait. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 58: 91–96
- Joukamaa M, Saarijarvi S, Muuriaisniemi ML, Salokangas RK 1996 Alexithymia in a normal elderly population. Comprehensive Psychiatry 37: 144–147
- Kauhanen J, Julkunen J, Salonen J 1992 Validity and reliability of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in a population study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 36: 687–694
- Kauhanen J, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Julkunen J, Salonen JT 1996 Alexithymia and risk of death in middle-aged men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 41: 541–549
- Kauhanen J, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Salonen R, Salonen JT 1994 Alexithymia may influence the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Psychosomatic Medicine 56: 237–244
- Kauhanen J, Kaplan GA, Julkunen J, Wilson TW, Salonen JT 1993 Social factors in alexithymia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 34: 330–335
- Klaber Moffett JA, Richardson PH 1995 The influence of psychological variables on the development and perception of musculoskeletal pain. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 11, 3–11
- Klaber Moffett JA, Richardson PH 1997 The influence of the physiotherapist—patient relationship on pain and disability. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 13, 89–96
- Kleiger J, Jones N 1980 Characteristics of alexithymic patients in a chronic respiratory illness population. Journal of Nervous and Mental disorders 168: 465–470
- Kyle N 1988 Emotions and hemispheric specialization. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 11: 367–382
- Lane RD, Sechrest L, Reidel R, Weldon V, Kaszniak A, Schwartz GE 1996 Impaired verbal and nonverbal emotion recognition in alexithymia. Psychosomatic Medicine 58: 203–210
- Lesser I, Ford C, Friedmann C 1979 Alexithymia in somatizing patients. General Hospital Psychiatry 1: 256–266
- Lipowski Z 1988 Somatization: The concept and its clinical application. American Journal of Psychiatry 145: 1358–1368
- Loas G, Otmani O, Verrier A, Fremaux D, Marchand MP 1996 Factor analysis of the French version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Psychopathology 29: 139–144
- Lumley MA, Asselin LA, Normal S 1997 Alexithymia in chronic pain patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry 38: 160–165
- Lumley MA, Mader, C, Gramzow, J, Papineau K 1996 Family factors related to alexithymia characteristics. Psychosomatic Medicine 58: 211–216
- Lumley MA, Norman S 1996 Alexithymia and health care utilization. Psychosomatic Medicine 58: 197–202
- Lumley MA, Roby KJ 1995 Alexithymia and pathological gambling. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 63: 201–206
- Mann LS, Wise TN, Trinidad A, Kohanski R 1995 Alexithymia, affect recognition, and five factors of personality in substance abusers. Perceptual and Motor Skills 81: 35–40
- McDonald P, Prkachin K 1990 The expression and perception of facial emotion in alexithymia: A pilot study. Psychosomatic Medicine 52: 199–210
- Mendelson G 1982 Alexithymia and chronic pain: Prevalence, correlates and treatment results. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 37: 154–164
- Nemiah J 1977 Alexithymia: Theoretical considerations. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 28: 199–206
- Nemiah J, Freyberger H, Sifneos P 1976 Alexithymia: A view of the psychosomatic process. In: Hill O (ed) Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine 3, pp 430 –439. Butterworths, London
- Oppenheim AN 1992 Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement, New edn. Printer Publishers, London
- Pandey R, Mandal MK, Taylor GJ, Parker JD 1996 Cross-cultural alexithymia: Development and validation of a Hindi translation of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology 52: 173–176
- Parke JD, Taylor GJ, Bagby RM 1993a Alexithymia and the recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 59: 197–202
- Parker J, Taylor G, Bagby M 1993b Alexithymia and the processing of emotional stimuli: An experimental study. New Trends in Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry 9: 9–14
- Pincus T 1998 Assessing psychological factors in chronic pain—a new approach. Physical Therapy Reviews 3: 41–45
- Porcelli P, Leoci C, Guerra V, Taylor GJ, Bagby RM 1996 A longitudinal study of alexithymia and psychological distress in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 41: 569–573
- Porcelli P, Zaka S, Leoci C, Centonze S, Taylor GJ 1995 Alexithymia in inflammatory bowel disease. A case-control study. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 64: 49–53
- Postone N 1986 Alexithymia in chronic pain patients. General Hospital Psychiatry 8: 163–167
- Rastam M, Gillberg, C, Gillberg IC, Johansson M 1997 Alexithymia in anorexia nervosa: A controlled study using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 95: 385–388
- Rief W, Heuser J, Fichter MM 1996 What does the Toronto Alexithymia Scale TAS-R measure? Journal of Clinical Psychology 52: 423–429
- Rodrigo G, Lusiardo M 1992 Factor structure of a Spanish version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 58: 197–201
- Salminen J, Saarijarvi S, Aairela E, Tamminen T 1994 Alexithymia—state or trait? One-year follow-u p study of general hospital psychiatric consultation out-patients. Journal Psychosomatic Research 38: 681–685
- Saarijaarvi S, Salminen JK, Tamminen T, Aarela E 1993 Alexithymia in psychiatric consultation-liaison patients. General Hospital Psychiatry 15: 330–333
- Shipko S 1982 Alexithymia and somatisation. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 37: 193–201
- Sifneos P 1973 The prevalence of “alexithymic” characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 22: 255–262
- Sifneos P 1988 Alexithymia and its relationship to hemispheric specialisation, affect, and creativity. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 11: 287–292
- Sifneos PE 1996 Alexithymia: Past and present. American Journal of Psychiatry 153: 137–142
- Smith Jr. G 1983 Alexithymia in medical patients referred to a consultation/liaison service. American Journal Psychiatry 140: 99–101
- Stephenson R 1995 Alexithymia: Should physiotherapists care? Physiotherapy 81: 459 (Abstract of presentation to CSP Conference, 1995)
- Stephenson R 1996 Introducing alexithymia: A concept within the psychosomatic process. Disability and Rehabilitation 18: 209–214
- Stoudemire A 1991 Somatothymia, Parts 1 and 2. Psychosomatics 32: 365–381
- Taylor G 1984 Alexithymia: Concept, measurement, and implications for treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 141: 725–732
- Taylor G 1997 Affects and alexithymia in medical illness and disease, In: Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JDA (eds) Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp216–247
- Taylor G, Bagby M, Parker J 1991 The alexithymia construct. A potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics 32: 153–164
- Taylor GJ, Parker JD, Bagby RM, Bourke MP 1996 Relationships between alexithymia and psychological characteristics associated with eating disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 41: 561–568
- Todarello O, Taylor GJ, Parker JD, Fanelli M 1995 Alexithymia in essential hypertensive and psychiatric outpatients: A comparative study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 39: 987–994
- Troisi A, Delle Chiaie R, Russo F, Russo MA, Mosco C, Pasini A 1996 Nonverbal behaviour and alexithymic traits in normal subjects. Individual differences in encoding emotions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 184: 561–566
- Troop NA, Schmidt UH, Treasure JL 1995 Feelings and fantasy in eating disorders: A factor analysis of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. International Journal of Eating Disorders 18: 151–157
- Warnes H 1988 Alexithymia and related states. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa 13: 127–135
- Yehuda R, Steiner A, Kahana B, Binder-Brynes K, Southwick SM, Zemelman S, Giller EL 1997 Alexithymia in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress 10: 93–100
- Zeitlin SB, McNally RJ, Cassidy KL 1993 Alexithymia in victims of sexual assault: An effect of repeated traumatization? American Journal of Psychiatry 150: 661–663
- Ziolkowski M, Gruss T, Rybakowski JK 1995 Does alexithymia in male alcoholics constitute a negative factor for maintaining abstinence? Psychotherapy Psychosomatics 63: 169–173
- Zlotnick C, Shea MT, Pearlstein T, Simpson E, Costello E, Begin A 1996 The relationship between dissociative symptoms, alexithymia, impulsivity, sexual abuse, and self-mutilation. Comprehensive Psychiatry 37: 12–16