Mapping heroin careers: utilising a standardised history-taking method to assess the speed of escalation of heroin using careers in a treatment-seeking cohort

References

• Faupel C. Shooting dope: career patterns of hard-core heroin users. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL 1991
   Google Scholar
• Simpson D, Joe G, Lehman W. Addiction careers: etiology, treatment, and 12-year follow-up outcomes. J Drug Issues 1986; 16: 107–121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winick C. Maturing out of narcotic addiction. UN Bull Narc 1962; 14: 1–7
   Google Scholar
• Shewan D, Dalgarno P, Marshall A, et al. Patterns of heroin use among a non-treatment sample in Glasgow (Scotland). Addict Res 1998; 6: 215–234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biernacki P. Pathways from heroin addiction: recovery without treatment. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA 1986
   Google Scholar
• Shewan D, Delgarno P. Evidence for controlled heroin use? Low levels of negative health and social outcomes among non-treatment heroin users in Glasgow (Scotland). Br J Health Psychol 2005; 10: 33–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel D, Chen K, Warner L, Kessler R, Grant B. Prevalence and demographic correlates of symptoms of last year dependence on alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine in the U.S. population. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997; 44: 11–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel D, Yamaguchi K. From beer to crack: developmental patterns of drug involvement. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 851–855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen K, Kandel D. Natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample. Am J Public Health 1995; 85: 41–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiddle S. Portraits from a shooting gallery: lifestyles from the drug addict world. Harper & Row, New York 1967
   Google Scholar
• Hanson B, Beschner G, Walters J. Life with heroin: voices from the inner city. Lexington, Lexington, MA 1985
   Google Scholar
• Courtwright D, Joseph H, Des Jarlais D. Addicts who survived: an oral history of narcotic use in America, 1923 – 1965. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 1989
   Google Scholar
• Stephens R. The street addict role: a theory of heroin addiction. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY 1991
   Google Scholar
• Hser Y, Anglin D, Grella C, Longshore D, Prendergast M. Drug treatment careers: a conceptual framework and existing research findings. J Subst Abuse Treat 1997; 14: 543–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedeian A, Pizzolatto A, Long R, Griffiths R. The measurement and conceptualisation of career stages. J Career Devel 1991; 17: 153–166
   Google Scholar
• Babor T, Hoffman M, DelBoca F, et al. Types of alcoholics: evidence for an empirically derived typology based on indicators of vulnerability and severity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 614–619
   Google Scholar
• Termorshuizen F, Krol A, Prins M, van Ameijden E. Long-term outcomes of chronic drug use: the Amsterdam cohort study among drug users. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161: 271–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anglin D, Hser Y, Grella C. Drug addiction and treatment careers among clients in DATOS. Psychol Addict Behav 1997; 11: 308–323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser Y, Anglin M, Fletcher B. Comparative treatment effectiveness: effects of program modality and client drug dependence history on drug use reduction. J Subst Abuse Treat 1998; 6: 513–523
   Google Scholar
• Grella C, Joshi V. Gender differences in drug treatment careers among clients in the national drug abuse treatment outcome study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1999; 25: 385–406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobell L C, Maisto S A, Sobell M B, Cooper A M. Reliability of alcohol abusers' self-reports of drinking behavior. Behav Res Ther 1979; 17: 157–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner H A, Sheu W J. Reliability of alcohol use indices. The lifetime drinking history and the MAST. J Stud Alcohol 1982; 43: 1157–1170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell M, Peirce R, Vana J, et al. Relation among alcohol consumption mesures derived from the cognitive lifetime drinking history. Drug Alcohol Rev 1998; 17: 377–387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser Y, Anglin D, McGlothlin. Sex differences in addict career and initiation of use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1987; 13: 33–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar