628
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Generalisation after treatment of acquired spelling impairments: A review

, &
Pages 503-554 | Received 23 Dec 2013, Accepted 30 Oct 2014, Published online: 18 Nov 2014

References

  • Aliminosa, D., McCloskey, M., Goodman-Shulman, R., & Sokol, S. M. (1993). Remediation of acquired dysgraphia as a technique for testing interpretation of deficits. Aphasiology, 7(1), 55–69. doi:10.1080/02687039308249499 doi: 10.1080/02687039308249499
  • Aphasia Treatment Website, Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences. Retrieved from http://aphasiatx.arizona.edu/written_writing
  • Beauvois, M., & Derousne, J. (1981). Lexical or orthographic agraphia. Brain, 104, 21–50. doi: 10.1093/brain/104.1.21
  • Beeson, P. M. (1999). Treating acquired writing impairment: Strengthening graphemic representations. Aphasiology, 13, 767–785. doi: 10.1080/026870399401867
  • Beeson, P. M. (2004). Remediation of written language. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 11(1), 37–48. doi: 10.1310/D4AM-XY9Y-QDFT-YUR0
  • Beeson, P. M., & Egnor, H. (2006). Combining treatment for written and spoken naming. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 816–827. doi: 10.1017/S1355617706061005
  • Beeson, P. M., & Hillis, A. E. (2001). Comprehension and production of written words. In R. Chapey (Ed.), Language intervention strategies in aphasia and related neurogenic communication disorders (4th ed., pp. 572–604). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Beeson, P. M., Hirsch, F. M., & Rewega, M. A. (2002). Successful single-word writing treatment: Experimental analyses of four cases. Aphasiology, 16(4–6), 473–491. doi: 10.1080/02687030244000167
  • Beeson, P. M., & Rapcsak, S. Z. (2002). Clinical diagnosis and treatment of spelling disorders. In A. E. Hillis (Ed.), The handbook of adult language disorders: Integrating cognitive neuropsychology, neurology and rehabilitation (pp. 101–120). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Beeson, P. M., Rewega, M., Vail, S., & Rapsack, S. Z. (2000). Problem-solving approach to agraphia treatment: Interactive use of lexical and sub-lexical spelling routes. Aphasiology, 14, 551–565. doi: 10.1080/026870300401315
  • Beeson, P. M., Rising, K., Kim, E. S., & Rapcsak, S. Z. (2010). A treatment sequence for phonological alexia/agraphia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 450–468. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0229)
  • Beeson P. M., Rising K., & Volk, J. (2003). Writing treatment for severe aphasia: Who benefits? Journal of Speech, Language, Hearing Research, 46, 1038–1060. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/083)
  • Behrmann, M. (1987). The rites of righting writing: Homophone remediation in acquired dysgraphia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4(3), 365–384. doi:10.1080/02643298708252044
  • Behrmann, M., & Bub, B. (1992). Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia: Dual routes, single lexicon. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, 209–252. doi: 10.1080/02643299208252059
  • Behrns, I., Hartelius, L., & Wengelin, Å. (2009). Aphasia and computerised writing aid supported treatment. Aphasiology, 23(10), 1276–1294. doi: 10.1080/02687030802436892
  • Bruce, C., Edmundson, A., & Coleman, M. (2003). Writing with voice: An investigation of the use of a voice recognition system as a writing aid for a man with aphasia. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 38, 131–148. doi:10.1080/1368282021000048258 doi: 10.1080/1368282021000048258
  • Brunsdon, R., Coltheart, M., & Nickels, L. (2005). Treatment of irregular word spelling in developmental surface dysgraphia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22(2), 213–251. doi: 10.1080/02643290442000077
  • Bub, D., & Kertesz, A. (1982). Evidence for lexicographic processing in a patient with preserved written over oral single word naming. Brain, 105, 697–717. doi: 10.1093/brain/105.4.697
  • Campbell, R. (1983). Writing nonwords to dictation. Brain and Language, 19, 153–178. doi: 10.1016/0093-934X(83)90061-5
  • Caramazza, A., Miceli, G., Villa, G., & Romani, C. (1987). The role of the graphemic buffer in spelling: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia. Cognition, 26, 59–85. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(87)90014-X
  • Cardell, E. A., & Chenery, H. J. (1999). A cognitive neuropsychological approach to the assessment and remediation of acquired dysgraphia. Language Testing, 16, 353–388.
  • Clausen, N. S., & Beeson, P. M. (2003). Conversational use of writing in severe aphasia. Aphasiology, 17, 625–644. doi: 10.1080/02687030344000003
  • De Partz, M. (1995). Deficit of the graphemic buffer: Effects of a written lexical segmentation strategy. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 5(1–2), 129–147. doi: 10.1080/09602019508520178
  • De Partz, M., Seron, X., & Van der Linden, M. (1992). Re-education of a surface dysgraphia with a visual imagery strategy. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, 369–401. doi: 10.1080/02643299208252065
  • Deloche, G., Dordain, M., & Kremin, H. (1993). Rehabilitation of confrontation naming in aphasia: Relations between oral and written modalities. Aphasiology, 7(2), 201–216. doi: 10.1080/02687039308249506
  • Ellis, A., & Young, A. (1988). Human cognitive neuropsychology. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
  • Folk, J. R., & Rapp, B. (2004). Interaction of lexical and sub-lexical information in spelling: Evidence from nonword priming. Applied Psycholinguistics, 25, 565–585. doi: 10.1017/S0142716404001274
  • Folk, J. R., Rapp, B., & Goldrick, M. (2002). The interaction of lexical and sub-lexical information in spelling: What's the point? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19(7), 653–671. doi: 10.1080/02643290244000184
  • Goldrick, M., Folk, J., & Rapp, B. (2010). Mrs. Malaprop's neighborhood: Using word errors to reveal neighborhood structure. Journal of Memory and Language, 62, 113–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2009.11.008
  • Goldrick, M., & Rapp, B. (2002). A restricted interaction account (RIA) of spoken word production: The best of both worlds. Aphasiology, 16(1–2), 20–55. doi: 10.1080/02687040143000203
  • Goodman, R. A., & Caramazza, A. (1985). The Johns Hopkins Dysgraphia battery. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University.
  • Goodman, R. A., & Caramazza, A. (1986a). Aspects of the spelling process: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia. Language & Cognitive Processes, 1(4), 263–296. doi: 10.1080/01690968608404678
  • Goodman, R. A., & Caramazza, A. (1986b). Dissociation of spelling errors in written and oral spelling: The role of allographic conversion in writing. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3(2), 179–206. doi: 10.1080/02643298608252675
  • Harris, L., Olson, A., & Humphreys, G. (2012). Rehabilitation of spelling in a participant with a graphemic buffer impairment: The role of orthographic neighbourhood in remediating the serial position effect. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: An International Journal, 22(6), 890–919. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2012.709872
  • Hatfield, F. M. (1983). Aspects of acquired dysgraphia and implications for re-education. In C. Code & D. J. Muller (Eds.), Aphasia therapy (pp. 157–169). London: Edward Arnold Publisher.
  • Hillis, A. E. (1989). Efficacy and generalization of treatment for aphasic naming errors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 70, 632–636.
  • Hillis, A. E., (1991). Effects of separate treatments for distinct impairments within the naming process. Proceedings of Clinical Aphasiology Conference (Lake Tahoe, NV: 19 June 1989) Pro-Ed (1991), pp. 255–265.
  • Hillis, A. E. (1992). Facilitating written production. Clinics in Communication Disorders, 2(1), 19–33.
  • Hillis, A. E., & Caramazza, A. (1987). Model-driven remediation for dysgraphia. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical aphasiology, (pp. 84–105). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
  • Hillis, A. E., & Caramazza, A. (1994). Theories of lexical processing and rehabilitation of lexical deficits. In G. W. Humphreys & M. J. Riddoch (Eds.), Cognitive neuropsychology and cognitive rehabilitation (pp. 449–484). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hillis, A. E., & Heidler, J. (2005). Contributions and limitations of the cognitive neuropsychological approach to treatment: Illustrations from studies of reading and spelling therapy. Aphasiology, 19(10–11), 985–993. doi: 10.1080/02687030544000191
  • Hillis, A. E., Rapp, B. C., & Caramazza, A. (1999). When a rose is a rose in speech but a tulip in writing. Cortex, 35, 337–356. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70804-9
  • Hillis Trupe, E. (1986). Effectiveness of retraining phoneme to grapheme conversion. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical aphasiology, (pp. 163–171). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
  • Howard, D. (1986). Beyond randomised controlled trials: The case for effective case studies of the effects of treatment in aphasia. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 21, 89–102. doi: 10.3109/13682828609018546
  • Jefferies, E., Sage, K., Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2007). Do deep dyslexia, dysphasia and dysgraphia share a common phonological impairment? Neuropsychologia, 45, 1553–1570. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.002
  • Kay, J., Lesser, R., & Coltheart, M. (1992). PALPA: Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Kertesz, A. (1982). The Western Aphasia Battery. Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton.
  • Kiran, S. (2003). Training phoneme to grapheme conversion for patients with written and oral production deficits: A model-based approach. Aphasiology, 19(1), 53–76. doi: 10.1080/02687030444000633
  • Kohnen, S., Nickels, L., Coltheart, M., & Brunsdon, R. (2008). Predicting generalization in the training of irregular word spelling: Treating lexical spelling deficits in a child. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 25(3), 343–375. doi: 10.1080/02643290802003000
  • Lesser, R. (1990). Superior oral to written spelling: Evidence for separate buffers? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7(4), 347–366. doi: 10.1080/02643299008253448
  • Luzzatti, C., Colombo, C., Frustaci, M., & Vitolo, F. (2000). Rehabilitation of spelling along the sub-word-level routine. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10, 249–278. doi: 10.1080/096020100389156
  • McCloskey, M., Macaruso, P., & Rapp, B. (2006). Grapheme-to-lexeme feedback in the spelling system: Evidence from a dysgraphic patient. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23(2), 278–307. doi: 10.1080/02643290442000518
  • Miceli, G., Silveri, M. C., & Caramazza, A. (1985). Cognitive analysis of a case of pure dysgraphia. Brain and Language, 25, 187–212. doi: 10.1016/0093-934X(85)90080-X
  • Mortley, J., Enderby, P., & Petheram, B. (2001). Using a computer to improve functional writing in a patient with severe dysgraphia. Aphasiology, 15(5), 443–461. doi: 10.1080/02687040042000188
  • Murray, L. L., & Karcher, L. (2000). A treatment for written verb retrieval and sentence construction skills. Aphasiology, 14(5–6), 585–602. doi: 10.1080/026870300401333
  • Nickels, L. A. (1992). The autocue? Self-generated phonemic cues in the treatment of a disorder of reading and naming. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, 155–182. doi: 10.1080/02643299208252057
  • Nickels, L. (2002). Therapy for naming disorders: Revisiting, revising and reviewing. Aphasiology, 16(10/11), 935–979. doi: 10.1080/02687030244000563
  • Nickels, L., & Best, W. (1996). Therapy for naming disorders (Part II): Specifics, surprises and suggestions. Aphasiology, 10(2), 109–136. doi: 10.1080/02687039608248401
  • Nickels, L., Howard, D., & Best, W. (2011). On the use of different methodologies in cognitive neuropsychology: Drink deep and from several sources. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 28, 475–485. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2012.672406
  • Nickels, L., Kohnen, S., & Biedermann, B. (2011). An untapped resource: Treatment as a tool for revealing the nature of cognitive processes. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 27(7), 539–562. doi:10.1080/02643294.2011.609811 doi: 10.1080/02643294.2011.609811
  • Orjada, S., & Beeson, P. (2005). Concurrent treatment for reading and spelling in aphasia. Aphasiology, 19(3–5), 341–351. doi: 10.1080/02687030444000796
  • Panton, A., & Marshall, J. (2008). Improving spelling and everyday writing after a CVA: A single-case therapy study. Aphasiology, 22(2), 164–183. doi: 10.1080/02687030701262605
  • Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychological Review, 103(1), 56–115. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.56
  • Pound, C. (1996). Writing remediation using preserved oral spelling: A case for separate output buffers. Aphasiology, 10(3), 283–296. doi: 10.1080/02687039608248413
  • Rapp, B. (2002). Uncovering the cognitive architecture of spelling. In A. E. Hillis (Ed.), The handbook of adult language disorders: Integrating cognitive neuropsychology, neurology and rehabilitation (pp. 47–69). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Rapp, B. (2005). The relationship between treatment outcomes and the underlying cognitive deficit: Evidence from the remediation of acquired dysgraphia. Aphasiology, 19(10–11), 994–1008. doi:10.1080/02687030544000209 doi: 10.1080/02687030544000209
  • Rapp, B., & Caramazza, A. (1997). From graphemes to abstract letter shapes: Levels of representation in written spelling. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1130–1152.
  • Rapp, B., Epstein, C., & Tainturier, M. J. (2002). The integration of information across lexical and sub-lexical processes in spelling. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19(1), 1–29. doi: 10.1080/0264329014300060
  • Rapp, B., & Glucroft, B. (2009). The benefits and protective effects of behavioural treatment for dysgraphia in a case of primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology, 23(2), 236–265. doi: 10.1080/02687030801943054
  • Rapp, B., & Kane, A. (2002). Remediation of deficits affecting different components of the spelling process. Aphasiology, 16(4–6), 439–454. doi:10.1080/02687030244000301 doi: 10.1080/02687030244000301
  • Raven, J. D., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1990). Coloured Progressive Matrices. London: Oxford Psychologists Press.
  • Raymer, A., Cudworth, C., & Haley, M. (2003). Spelling treatment for an individual with dysgraphia: Analysis of generalisation to untrained words. Aphasiology, 17(6–7), 607–624. doi: 10.1080/02687030344000058
  • Raymer, A., Strobel, J., Prokup, T., Thomason, B., & Reff, K-L. (2009). Errorless versus errorful training of spelling in individuals with acquired dysgraphia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(1), 1–15. doi: 10.1080/09602010902879834
  • Robson, J., Marshall, J., Chiat, S., & Pring, T. (2001). Enhancing communication in jargon aphasia: A small group study of writing therapy. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 36(4), 471–488. doi: 10.1080/13682820110089371
  • Robson, J., Pring, T., Marshall, J., Morrison, S., & Chiat, S. (1998). Written communication in undifferentiated jargon aphasia: A therapy study. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 33(3), 305–328. doi: 10.1080/136828298247767
  • Roeltgen, D. P., Sevush, S., & Heilman, K. M. (1983). Phonological agraphia: Writing by the lexical-semantic route. Neurology, 33, 755–765. doi: 10.1212/WNL.33.6.755
  • Roux, S., & Bonin, P. (2009). Neighborhood effects in spelling in adults. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(2), 369–373. doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.2.369
  • Sage, K., & Ellis, A. (2006). Using orthographic neighbours to treat a case of graphemic buffer disorder. Aphasiology, 20(9), 851–870. doi:10.1080/02687030600738945 doi: 10.1080/02687030600738945
  • Sage, K., Snell, C., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2011). How intensive does anomia therapy for people with aphasia need to be? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(1), 26–41. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2010.528966
  • Schmalzl, L., & Nickels, L. (2006). Treatment of irregular word spelling in acquired dysgraphia: Selective benefit from visual mnemonics. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(1), 1–37. doi: 10.1080/09602010443000218
  • Seidenberg, M. S. (2005). Connectionist models of word reading. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 238. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00372.x doi: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00372.x
  • Shallice, T. (1981). Phonological agraphia and the lexical route in writing. Brain, 104, 413–429. doi: 10.1093/brain/104.3.413
  • Snell, C., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2010). How many words should we provide in anomia therapy? A meta-analysis and a case series study. Aphasiology, 24(9), 1064–1094.
  • Spencer, K. A., Doyle, P. J., McNeil, M. R., Wambaugh, J. L., Park, G., & Carroll, B. (2000). Examining the facilitative effects of rhyme in a patient with output lexicon damage. Aphasiology, 14(5–6), 567–584. doi: 10.1080/026870300401324
  • Tainturier, M. J., & Rapp, B. (2001). The spelling process. In B. Rapp (Ed.), What deficits reveal about the human mind/brain: A handbook of cognitive neuropsychology (pp. 263–289). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
  • Weekes, B., & Coltheart, M. (1996). Surface dyslexia and surface dysgraphia: Treatment studies and their theoretical implications. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13, 277–315. doi: 10.1080/026432996382033
  • Willmes, K. (1990). Statistical methods for a single case study approach to aphasia therapy research. Aphasiology, 4, 415–436. doi: 10.1080/02687039008249092
  • Whitworth, A., Webster, J., & Howard, D. (2005). A cognitive neuropsychological approach to assessment and intervention in aphasia. Hove, E. Sussex: Psychology Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.