Visuospatial declarative learning despite profound verbal declarative amnesia in Korsakoff’s syndrome

References

• American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition. Washington DC, United States of America: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, 56, 851–864. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.11.851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 8) (pp. 47–89). London: Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Bertens, D., Fasotti, L., Boelen, D. H., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2013). A randomized controlled trial on errorless learning in goal management training: Study rationale and protocol. BMC Neurology, 13, 1–9. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, N., & Jolles, J. (1985). Learning and retrieval rate of words presented auditorily and visually. Journal of General Psychology, 112, 201–210. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1985.9711004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucks, R. S., & Willison, J. R. (1997). Development and validation of the Location Learning Test (LLT): A test of visuo-spatial learning designed for use with older adults and in dementia. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 273–286. doi: 10.1080/13854049708400456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butters, N., Wolfe, J., Granholm, E., & Martone, M. (1986). An assessment of verbal recall, recognition and fluency abilities in patients with Huntington’s disease. Cortex, 22, 11–32. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(86)80030-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cermak, L., Butters, N., & Goodglass, H. (1971). The extent of memory loss in Korsakoff patients. Neuropsychologia, 9, 307–315. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90026-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalfonte, B. L., Verfaellie, M., Johnson, M. K., & Reiss, L. (1996). Spatial location memory in amnesia: Binding item and location information under incidental and intentional encoding conditions. Memory, 4, 591–614. doi: 10.1080/741940998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claessen, M. H. G., van der Ham, I. J. M., & van Zandvoort, M. J. E. (2015). Computerization of the standard Corsi Block-Tapping task affects its underlying cognitive concepts: A pilot study. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 22, 180–188. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2014.892488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, B., Slachevsky, A., Litvan, I., & Pillon, B. (2000). The FAB: A Frontal assessment battery at bedside. Neurology, 12, 1621–1626. doi: 10.1212/WNL.55.11.1621
   Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haxby, J. V., Ludgren, S. L., & Morley, G. K. (1983). Short-term retention of verbal, visual shape, and visuospatial location information in normal and amnesic subjects. Neuropsychologia, 21, 25–33. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(83)90097-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks, M. P. H., Bouman, Z., Kessels, R. P. C., & Aldenkamp, A. P. (2014). Wechsler memory scale – Fourth edition, dutch edition (WMS-IV-NL). Amsterdam: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Joyce, E. M., & Robbins, T. W. (1991). Frontal lobe function in Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics: Planning and spatial working memory. Neuropsychologia, 29, 709–723. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90067-I
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, R. P. C., Bucks, R. S., Willison, J. R., & Byrne, L. M. T. (2012). Location learning test: Manual. Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
   Google Scholar
• Kessels, R. P. C., & Kopelman, M. D. (2012). Context memory in Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychology Review, 22, 117–131. doi: 10.1007/s11065-012-9202-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, R. P. C., Nys, G. M. S., Brands, A. M. A., van den Berg, E., & Van Zandvoort, M. J. E. (2006). The modified Location Learning Test: Norms for the assessment of spatial memory function in neuropsychological patients. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 841–846. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2006.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, R. P. C., Postma, A., Wester, A. J., & de Haan, E. H. F. (2000). Memory for object locations in Korsakoff’s amnesia. Cortex, 36, 47–57. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70835-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, R. P. C., van Zandvoort, M. J. E., Postma, A., Kappelle, L. J., & De Haan, E. H. F. (2000). The Corsi Block-Tapping Task: Standardization and normative data. Applied Neuropsychology, 7, 252–258. doi: 10.1207/S15324826AN0704_8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Komatsu, S.-I., Mimura, M., Kato, M., Wakamatsu, N., & Kashima, H. (2000). Errorless and effortful processes involved in the learning of face-name associations by patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10, 113–132. doi: 10.1080/096020100389200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman, M. D. (1991). Non-verbal, short-term forgetting in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and Alzheimer-type dementia. Neuropsychologia, 29, 737–747. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90069-K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman, M. D. (2002). Disorders of memory. Brain, 125, 2152–2190. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman, M. D., Thomson, A. D., Guerrini, I., & Marshall, E. J. (2009). The Korsakoff syndrome: Clinical aspects, psychology and treatment. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 44, 148–154.
   Google Scholar
• Lezak, M.D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mayes, A. R., Daum, I., Markowisch, H. J., & Sauter, B. (1997). The relationship between retrograde and anterograde amnesia in patients with typical global amnesia. Cortex, 33, 197–217. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70001-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayes, A. R., Meudell, P. R., & MacDonald, C. (1991). Disproportionate intentional spatial-memory impairments in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 29, 771–784. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90071-F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monaco, M., Costa, A., Caltagirone, C., & Carlesimo, G. A. (2013). Forward and backward span for verbal and visuo-spatial data: Standardization and normative data from an Italian adult population. Neurological Sciences, 34, 749–754. doi: 10.1007/s10072-012-1130-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, J., McSharry, K., & Sireling, L. (1990). Comparison of a system of staff prompting with a programmable electronic diary in a patient with Korsakoff's syndrome. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 36, 225–229. doi: 10.1177/002076409003600308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97–113. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oscar-Berman, M. (2012). Function and dysfunction of prefrontal brain circuitry in alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. Neuropsychology Review, 22, 154–169. doi: 10.1007/s11065-012-9198-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oscar-Berman, M., Hutner, N., & Bonner, R. T. (1992). Visual and auditory spatial and nonspatial delayed-response performance by Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholic and aging individuals. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 613–622. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.106.4.613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oslin, D., Atkinson, R. M., Smith, D. M., & Hendrie, H. (1998). Alcohol related dementia: Proposed clinical criteria. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 203–212. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199804)13:4<203::AID-GPS734>3.0.CO;2-B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudman, E., Nijboer, T. C. W., Postma, A., Wijnia, J. W., Kerklaan, S., Lindsen, K., & Van der Stigchel, S. (2013). Acquisition of an instrumental activity of daily living in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome: A comparison of trial and error and errorless learning. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 23, 888–913. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2013.835738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudman, E., Nijboer, T. C. W., Postma, A., Wijnia, J. W., & Van der Stigchel, S. (2015). Procedural Learning and Memory Rehabilitation in Korsakoff's Syndrome - a Review of the Literature. Neuropsychology Review, 25, 134–148. doi: 10.1007/s11065-015-9288-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudman, E., Van der Stigchel, S., Wester, A. J., Kessels, R. P. C., & Postma, A. (2011). Intact memory for implicit contextual information in Korsakoff’s amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 49, 2848–2855. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitel, A. L., Beaunieux, H., Witkowski, T., Vabret, F., de la Sayette, V., Viader, F., … Eustache, F. (2008). Episodic and working memory deficits in alcoholic Korsakoff patients: The continuity theory revisited. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 32, 1229–1241. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00677.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postma, A., Kessels, R. P. C., & van Asselen, M. (2008). How the brain remembers and forgets where things are: The neurocognition of object-location memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 1339–1345. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postma, A., Van Asselen, M., Keuper, O., Wester, A. J., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2006). Spatial and temporal order memory in Korsakoff patients. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 327–336. doi: 10.1017/S1355617706060449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey, A. (1958). L’examin clinique en psychologie. Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France.
   Google Scholar
• Salamé, P., Danion, J. M., Peretti, S., & Cuervo, C. (1998). The state of functioning of working-memory in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 30, 11–29. doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00107-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmand, B., Houx, P., & de Koning, I. (2012). Norms for word fluency, stroop color word test, trail making test, verbal learning test, and story recall of rivermead behavioural memory test. Dutch norms. Amsterdam: Section Neuropsychology Dutch Institute of Psychologists.
   Google Scholar
• Schmand, B., Lindeboom, J., & van Harskamp, F. (1992). Manual for the dutch reading test for adults. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
   Google Scholar
• Sohlberg, M. M., & Mateer, C. A. (1987). Effectiveness of an attention-training program. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 9, 117–130. doi: 10.1080/01688638708405352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire, L. R. (2009). Memory and brain systems: 1969–2009. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 12711–12716. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3575-09.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svanberg, J., & Evans, J. J. (2013). Neuropsychological rehabilitation in Alcohol-Related brain damage: A systematic review. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 48, 704–711. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agt131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Asselen, M., Kessels, R. P. C., Wester, A., & Postma, A. (2005). Spatial working memory and contextual cueing in patients with Korsakoff amnesia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27, 645–655. doi: 10.1081/13803390490919281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Damme, I., & d’Ydewalle, G. (2008). Elaborative processing in the Korsakoff syndrome: Context versus habit. Brain and Cognition, 67, 212–224. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Geldorp, B., Bergmann, H. C., Robertson, J., Wester, A. J., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2012). The interaction of working memory performance and episodic memory formation in patients with Korsakoff’s amnesia. Brain Research, 1433, 98–103. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhage, F. (1964). Intelligence and age. Assen, NL: van Gorcum. (in Dutch).
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler adult intelligence scale – Third edition. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2009). Wechsler memory scale – Fourth edition (WMS-IV). San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. A., Baddeley, A., Evans, J., & Shiel, A. (1994). Errorless learning in the rehabilitation of memory impaired people. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 4, 307–326. doi: 10.1080/09602019408401463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, D. L., Wyma, J. M., Herron, T. J., & Yund, E. W. (2016). An improved spatial span test of visuospatial memory. Memory, 24, 1142–1155. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1076849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar