1,731
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (Part I): efficacy, generalisation, and identification of beneficial treatment steps

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 534-564 | Received 26 Jul 2016, Accepted 20 Feb 2017, Published online: 19 Apr 2017

References

  • Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1). doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01
  • Beeson, P. M. (1999). Treating acquired writing impairment: Strengthening graphemic representations. Aphasiology, 13(9–11), 767–785. doi:10.1080/026870399401867
  • Beeson, P. M. (2004). Remediation of written language. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 11(1), 37–48. doi:10.1310/D4AM-XY9Y-QDFT-YUR0
  • Beeson, P. M., & Hillis, A. E. (2001). Comprehension and production of written words. In R. Chapey (Ed.), Language intervention strategies in aphasia and related neurogenic communication disorders (4th ed., pp. 572–604). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Beeson, P. M., Hirsch, F. M., & Rewega, M. A. (2002). Successful single-word writing treatment: Experimental analyses of four cases. Aphasiology, 16(4–6), 473–491. doi:10.1080/02687030244000167
  • Beeson, P. M., & Rapcsak, S. Z. (2015). Clinical diagnosis and treatment of spelling disorders. In A. E. Hillis (Ed.), The handbook of adult language disorders (2nd ed.), pp. 117–140. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Beeson, P. M., Rewega, M. A., Vail, S., & Rapcsak, S. Z. (2000). Problem-solving approach to agraphia treatment: Interactive use of lexical and sublexical spelling routes. Aphasiology, 14(5–6), 551–565. doi:10.1080/026870300401315
  • Beeson, P. M., Rising, K., Kim, E. S., & Rapcsak, S. Z. (2008). A novel method for examining response to spelling treatment. Aphasiology, 22(7–8), 707–717. doi:10.1080/02687030701800826
  • Beeson, P. M., Rising, K., Kim, E. S., & Rapcsak, S. Z. (2010). A treatment sequence for phonological alexia/agraphia. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 53(2), 450. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0229)
  • Behrmann, M. (1987). The rites of righting writing: Homophone remediation in acquired dysgraphia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4(3), 365–384. doi:10.1080/02643298708252044
  • Bowes, K., & Martin, N. (2007). Longitudinal study of reading and writing rehabilitation using a bigraph–biphone correspondence approach. Aphasiology, 21(6–8), 687–701. doi:10.1080/02687030701192117
  • Boyle, M., & Coelho, C. A. (1995). Application of semantic feature analysis as a treatment for aphasic dysnomia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 4(4), 94. doi:10.1044/1058-0360.0404.94
  • Brown, J., Hux, K., & Fairbanks, S. (2016). Reading recovery: A case study using a multicomponent treatment for acquired alexia. Aphasiology, 30(1), 23–44. doi:10.1080/02687038.2015.1052728
  • Byng, S., & Coltheart, M. (1986). Aphasia therapy research: Methodological requirements and illustrative results. In E. Hjelmquist & L. B. Nilsson (Eds.), Communication and handicap (pp. 191–214). Amsterdam: North Holland.
  • Cardell, E. A., & Chenery, H. J. (1999). A cognitive neuropsychological approach to the assessment and remediation of acquired dysgraphia. Language Testing, 16(3), 353–388. doi:10.1177/026553229901600306
  • Cherney, L. R. (2004). Aphasia, alexia, and oral reading. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 11(1), 22–36. doi:10.1310/VUPX-WDX7-J1EU-00TB
  • Coltheart, M. (1981). The MRC psycholinguistic database. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 33(4), 497–505. doi:10.1080/14640748108400805
  • Ellis, A. W., & Young, A. W. (2000). Human cognitive neuropsychology: A textbook with readings (Reprint of augmented ed.). Hove: Psychology Press.
  • Folk, J. R., & Rapp, B. (2004). Interaction of lexical and sublexical information in spelling: Evidence from nonword priming. Applied Psycholinguistics, 25(4). doi:10.1017/S0142716404001274
  • Friedman, R. B., & Lott, S. N. (2002). Successful blending in a phonological reading treatment for deep alexia. Aphasiology, 16(3), 355–372. doi:10.1080/02687040143000627
  • Friedman, R. B., & Robinson, S. R. (1991). Whole-word training therapy in a stable surface alexic patient: It works. Aphasiology, 5(6), 521–527. doi:10.1080/02687039108248557
  • Friedman, R. B., Sample, D. M., & Lott, S. N. (2002). The role of level of representation in the use of paired associate learning for rehabilitation of alexia. Neuropsychologia, 40(2), 223–234. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00098-7
  • Harris, L., Olson, A., & Humphreys, G. (2012). Rehabilitation of spelling in a participant with a graphemic buffer impairment: The role of orthographic neighbourhood in remediating the serial position effect. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 22(6), 890–919. doi:10.1080/09602011.2012.709872
  • Hillis, A. E., & Heidler, J. (2005). Contributions and limitations of the cognitive neuropsychological approach to treatment: Illustrations from studies of reading and spelling therapy. Aphasiology, 19(10–11), 985–993. doi:10.1080/02687030544000191
  • Kay, J., Lesser, R., & Coltheart, M. (1992). Psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Kendall, D. L., Conway, T., Rosenbek, J., & Gonzalez-Rothi, L. (2003). Case study phonological rehabilitation of acquired phonologic alexia. Aphasiology, 17(11), 1073–1095. doi:10.1080/02687030344000355
  • Kendall, D. L., McNeill, M. R., & Small, S. L. (1998). Rule-based treatment for acquired phonological dyslexia. Aphasiology, 12(7–8), 587–600. doi:10.1080/02687039808249560
  • Kertesz, A. (2007). Western aphasia battery - revised. San Antonio, TX: Psych Corp.
  • Kim, M., & Beaudoin-Parsons, D. (2007). Training phonological reading in deep alexia: Does it improve reading words with low imageability? Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 21(5), 321–351. doi:10.1080/02699200701245415
  • Kiran, S. (2005). Training phoneme to grapheme conversion for patients with written and oral production deficits: A model-based approach. Aphasiology, 19(1), 53–76. doi:10.1080/02687030444000633
  • Kiran, S. (2007). Complexity in the treatment of naming deficits. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16(1), 18. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2007/004)
  • Kiran, S., & Johnson, L. (2008). Semantic complexity in treatment of naming deficits in aphasia: Evidence from well-defined categories. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17(4), 389. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/06-0085)
  • Kiran, S., & Thompson, C. K. (2003). The role of semantic complexity in treatment of naming deficits: Training semantic categories in fluent aphasia by controlling exemplar typicality. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 46(3), 608. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2003/048)
  • Kiran, S., Thompson, C. K., & Hashimoto, N. (2001). Training grapheme to phoneme conversion in patients with oral reading and naming deficits: A model-based approach. Aphasiology, 15(9), 855–876. doi:10.1080/02687040143000258
  • Kiran, S., & Viswanathan, M. (2008). Effect of model-based treatment on oral reading abilities in severe alexia: A case study. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 16(1), 43–59.
  • Krajenbrink, T., Nickels, L., & Kohnen, S. (2015). Generalisation after treatment of acquired spelling impairments: A review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 25(4), 503–554. doi:10.1080/09602011.2014.983135
  • Kučera, H., & Francis, W. N. (1967). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown Univ. Press.
  • Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2016). lmerTest: Tests in linear mixed effects models. (version R package version 2.0–32). Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lmerTest
  • Leff, A., & Starrfelt, R. (2014). Alexia: Diagnosis, treatment and theory. London: Springer-Varlag.
  • Lott, S. N., Sample, D. M., Oliver, R. T., Lacey, E. H., & Friedman, R. B. (2008). A patient with phonologic alexia can learn to read “much” from “mud pies”. Neuropsychologia, 46(10), 2515–2523. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.004
  • Luzzatti, C., Colombo, C., Frustaci, M., & Vitolo, F. (2000). Rehabilitation of spelling along the sub-word-level routine. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10(3), 249–278. doi:10.1080/096020100389156
  • Marian, V., Bartolotti, J., Chabal, S., & Shook, A. (2012). Clearpond: Cross-linguistic easy-access resource for phonological and orthographic neighborhood densities. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e43230. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043230
  • McCloskey, M., Macaruso, P., & Rapp, B. (2006). Grapheme-to-lexeme feedback in the spelling system: Evidence from a dysgraphic patient. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23(2), 278–307. doi:10.1080/02643290442000518
  • Mitchum, C. C., & Berndt, R. S. (1991). Diagnosis and treatment of the non-lexical route in acquired dyslexia: An illustration of the cognitive neuropsychological approach. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 6(2), 103–137. doi:10.1016/0911-6044(91)90003-2
  • Moss, H., & Older, L. (1996). Birkbeck word association norms. Hove: Psychology Press.
  • Moss, S. E., Rothi, L. J. G., & Fennell, E. B. (1991). Treating a case of surface dyslexia after closed head injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6(1–2), 35–47. doi:10.1093/arclin/6.1-2.35
  • Nickels, L. (1992). The autocue? Self-generated phonemic cues in the treatment of a disorder of reading and naming. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9(2), 155–182. doi:10.1080/02643299208252057
  • Orjada, S., & Beeson, P. (2005). Concurrent treatment for reading and spelling in aphasia. Aphasiology, 19(3–5), 341–351. doi:10.1080/02687030444000796
  • de Partz, M.-P. (1986). Re-education of a deep dyslexic patient: Rationale of the method and results. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3(2), 149–177. doi:10.1080/02643298608252674
  • de Partz, M.-P., Seron, X., & Van der Linden, M. (1992). Re-education of a surface dysgraphia with a visual imagery strategy. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9(5), 369–401. doi:10.1080/02643299208252065
  • Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychological Review, 103(1), 56–115. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.56
  • Rapp, B. (2005). The relationship between treatment outcomes and the underlying cognitive deficit: Evidence from the remediation of acquired dysgraphia. Aphasiology, 19(10–11), 994–1008. doi:10.1080/02687030544000209
  • Rapp, B., Epstein, C., & Tainturier, M.-J. (2002). The integration of information across lexical and sublexical processes in spelling. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19(1), 1–29. doi:10.1080/0264329014300060
  • Rapp, B., & Kane, A. (2002). Remediation of deficits affecting different components of the spelling process. Aphasiology, 16(4–6), 439–454. doi:10.1080/02687030244000301
  • Raymer, A., Cudworth, C., & Haley, M. (2003). Spelling treatment for an individual with dysgraphia: Analysis of generalisation to untrained words. Aphasiology, 17(6–7), 607–624. doi:10.1080/02687030344000058
  • Raymer, A., Strobel, J., Prokup, T., Thomason, B., & Reff, K.-L. (2010). Errorless versus errorful training of spelling in individuals with acquired dysgraphia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(1), 1–15. doi:10.1080/09602010902879834
  • Ross, K., Johnson, J. P., & Kiran, S. (2017). Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (part II): Two-dimensional analysis of reading and writing errors. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • RStudio Team. (2015). RStudio: Integrated development for R. Boston, MA: RStudio, Inc. Retrieved from http://www.rstudio.com/
  • Sage, K., & Ellis, A. (2006). Using orthographic neighbours to treat a case of graphemic buffer disorder. Aphasiology, 20(9), 851–870. doi:10.1080/02687030600738945
  • SAS Institute Inc. (2011). SAS version 9.3. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
  • Schmalzl, L., & Nickels, L. (2006). Treatment of irregular word spelling in acquired dysgraphia: Selective benefit from visual mnemonics. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(1), 1–37. doi:10.1080/09602010443000218
  • Ska, B., Garneau-Beaumont, D., Chesneau, S., & Damien, B. (2003). Diagnosis and rehabilitation attempt of a patient with acquired deep dyslexia. Brain and Cognition, 53(2), 359–363. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00143-X
  • Stadie, N., & Rilling, E. (2006). Evaluation of lexically and nonlexically based reading treatment in a deep dyslexic. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23(4), 643–672. doi:10.1080/02643290500538364
  • Tainturier, M.-J., & Rapp, B. (2001). The spelling process. In B. Rapp (Ed.), The handbook of cognitive neuropsychology: What deficits reveal about the human mind (pp. 263–289). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
  • Thiel, L., Sage, K., & Conroy, P. (2015). Retraining writing for functional purposes: A review of the writing therapy literature. Aphasiology, 29(4), 423–441.
  • Thiel, L., Sage, K., & Conroy, P. (2016). Comparing uni-modal and multi-modal therapies for improving writing in acquired dysgraphia after stroke. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 26(3), 345–373. doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1026357
  • Thompson, C. K., & Shapiro, L. P. (2007). Complexity in treatment of syntactic deficits. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16(1), 30. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2007/005)
  • Thompson, C. K., Shapiro, L. P., Kiran, S., & Sobecks, J. (2003). The role of syntactic complexity in treatment of sentence deficits in agrammatic aphasia: The complexity account of treatment efficacy (CATE). Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 46(3), 591. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2003/047)
  • Tsapkini, K., & Hillis, A. E. (2013). Spelling intervention in post-stroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia. Behavioural Neurology, (1,2), 55–66. doi:10.3233/BEN-2012-110240
  • Weekes, B., & Coltheart, M. (1996). Surface dyslexia and surface dysgraphia: Treatment studies and their theoretical implications. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13(2), 277–315. doi:10.1080/026432996382033
  • Wilson, M. D. (1988). MRC psycholinguistic database: Machine-usable dictionary, version 2.00. Behavioural Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 20(1), 6–10. doi: 10.3758/BF03202594
  • Yampolsky, S., & Waters, G. (2002). Treatment of single word oral reading in an individual with deep dyslexia. Aphasiology, 16(4–6), 455–471. doi:10.1080/02687030244000068

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.