1,098
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Return to work after severe traumatic brain injury: a national study with a one-year follow-up of neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 281-297 | Received 05 Oct 2017, Accepted 03 Apr 2018, Published online: 18 Apr 2018

References

  • Andelic, N., Anke, A., Skandsen, T., Sigurdardottir, S., Sandhaug, M., Ader, T., & Roe, C. (2012). Incidence of hospital-admitted severe traumatic brain injury and in-hospital fatality in Norway: A national cohort study. Neuroepidemiology, 38(4), 259–267.
  • Andelic, N., Bautz-Holter, E., Ronning, P., Olafsen, K., Sigurdardottir, S., Schanke, A. K., … Roe, C. (2012). Does an early onset and continuous chain of rehabilitation improve the long-term functional outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury? Journal of Neurotrauma, 29(1), 66–74.
  • Andelic, N., Hammergren, N., Bautz-Holter, E., Sveen, U., Brunborg, C., & Roe, C. (2009). Functional outcome and health-related quality of life 10 years after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 120(1), 16–23.
  • Andelic, N., Stevens, L. F., Sigurdardottir, S., Arango-Lasprilla, J. C., & Roe, C. (2012). Associations between disability and employment 1 year after traumatic brain injury in a working age population. Brain Injury, 26(3), 261–269.
  • Anke, A., Andelic, N., Skandsen, T., Knoph, R., Ader, T., Manskow, U., … Roe, C. (2015). Functional recovery and life satisfaction in the first year after severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective multicenter study of a Norwegian national cohort. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(4), E38–E49.
  • Arango-Lasprilla, J. C., Ketchum, J. M., Gary, K. W., Kreutzer, J. S., O’Neil-Pirozzi, T. M., Wehman, P., … Jha, A. (2009). The influence of minority status on job stability after traumatic brain injury. PM&R, 1(1), 41–49.
  • Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. (1990). The abbreviated injury scale, revision 1998. Des Plains, IL. Retrieved from www.AAAM.org
  • Atchison, T. B., Sander, A. M., Struchen, M. A., High, W. M., Roebuck, T. M., Contant, C. F., … Sherer, M. (2004). Relationship between neuropsychological test performance and productivity at 1-year following traumatic brain injury. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18(2), 249–265.
  • Avesani, R., Salvi, L., Rigoli, G., & Gambini, M. G. (2005). Reintegration after severe brain injury: A retrospective study. Brain Injury, 19(11), 933–939.
  • Azouvi, P., Vallat-Azouvi, C., Joseph, P. A., Meulemans, T., Bertola, C., Le Gall, D., … Group, G. S. (2016). Executive functions deficits after severe traumatic brain injury: The GREFEX study. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 31(3), E10–E20.
  • Azouvi, P., Vallat-Azouvi, C., Millox, V., Darnoux, E., Ghout, I., Azerad, S., … Jourdan, C. (2015). Ecological validity of the dysexecutive questionnaire: Results from the Paris-TBI study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 25(6), 864–878.
  • Baker, S. P., O’Neill, B., Haddon, W. Jr., & Long, W. B. (1974). The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 14(3), 187–196.
  • Benedictus, M. R., Spikman, J. M., & van der Naalt, J. (2010). Cognitive and behavioral impairment in traumatic brain injury related to outcome and return to work. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(9), 1436–1441.
  • Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(2), 69–77.
  • Boake, C., Millis, S. R., High, W. M., Delmonico, R. L., Kreutzer, J. S., Rosenthal, M., … Ivanhoe, C. B. (2001). Using early neuropsychologic testing to predict long-term productivity outcome from traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(6), 761–768.
  • Brooks, N., McKinlay, W., Symington, C., Beattie, A., & Campsie, L. (1987). Return to work within the first seven years of severe head injury. Brain Injury, 1(1), 5–19.
  • Cattelani, R., Tanzi, F., Lombardi, F., & Mazzucchi, A. (2002). Competitive re-employment after severe traumatic brain injury: Clinical, cognitive and behavioural predictive variables. Brain Injury, 16(1), 51–64.
  • Cattran, C. J., Oddy, M., Wood, R. L., & Moir, J. F. (2011). Post-injury personality in the prediction of outcome following severe acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 25(11), 1035–1046.
  • Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J. F., Langenbahn, D. M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp, S., … Catanese, J. (2005). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8), 1681–1692.
  • Cuthbert, J. P., Pretz, C. R., Bushnik, T., Fraser, R. T., Hart, T., Kolakowsky-Hayner, S. A., … Sherer, M. (2015). Ten-year employment patterns of working age individuals after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A national institute on disability and rehabilitation research traumatic brain injury model systems study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(12), 2128–2136.
  • Delis, D., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. (2001). Delis-Kaplan executive function system: Examiner’s manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Delis, D., Kaplan, E., Kramer, J., & Ober, B. (2000. California verbal learning test (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Dikmen, S. S., Bombardier, C. H., Machamer, J. E., Fann, J. R., & Temkin, N. R. (2004). Natural history of depression in traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(9), 1457–1464.
  • Doctor, J. N., Castro, J., Temkin, N. R., Fraser, R. T., Machamer, J. E., & Dikmen, S. S. (2005). Workers’ risk of unemployment after traumatic brain injury: A normed comparison. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(6), 747–752.
  • Donders, J., Oh, Y. I., & Gable, J. (2015). Self- and informant ratings of executive functioning after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(6), E30–E39.
  • Duggan, M. C., Wang, L., Wilson, J. E., Dittus, R. S., Ely, E. W., & Jackson, J. C. (2017). The relationship between executive dysfunction, depression, and mental health-related quality of life in survivors of critical illness: Results from the BRAIN-ICU investigation. Journal of Critical Care, 37, 72–79.
  • Finnanger, T. G., Olsen, A., Skandsen, T., Lydersen, S., Vik, A., Evensen, K. A., … Indredavik, M. S. (2015). Life after adolescent and adult moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: Self-reported executive, emotional, and behavioural function 2–5 years after injury. Behavioural Neurology, 2015, 1–19.
  • Finnanger, T. G., Skandsen, T., Andersson, S., Lydersen, S., Vik, A., & Indredavik, M. (2013). Differentiated patterns of cognitive impairment 12 months after severe and moderate traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(13–14), 1606–1616.
  • Flashman, L. A., & McAllister, T. W. (2002). Lack of awareness and its impact in traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 17(4), 285–296.
  • Forslund, M. V., Arango-Lasprilla, J. C., Roe, C., Perrin, P. B., Sigurdardottir, S., & Andelic, N. (2014). Multi-level modelling of employment probability trajectories and employment stability at 1, 2 and 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 28(7), 980–986.
  • Franulic, A., Carbonell, C. G., Pinto, P., & Sepulveda, I. (2004). Psychosocial adjustment and employment outcome 2, 5 and 10 years after TBI. Brain Injury, 18(2), 119–129.
  • Green, R. E., Colella, B., Hebert, D. A., Bayley, M., Kang, H. S., Till, C., & Monette, G. (2008). Prediction of return to productivity after severe traumatic brain injury: Investigations of optimal neuropsychological tests and timing of assessment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(12), S51–S60.
  • Hanks, R. A., Jackson, A. M., & Crisanti, L. K. (2016). Predictive validity of a brief outpatient neuropsychological battery in individuals 1–25 years post traumatic brain injury. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 30(7), 1074–1086.
  • Hart, T., Whyte, J., Kim, J., & Vaccaro, M. (2005). Executive function and self-awareness of “real-world” behavior and attention deficits following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(4), 333–347.
  • Jourdan, C., Bosserelle, V., Azerad, S., Ghout, I., Bayen, E., Aegerter, P., … Azouvi, P. (2013). Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of a cohort of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): Results from the Paris-TBI study. Brain Injury, 27(9), 1000–1007.
  • Kalechstein, A. D., Newton, T. F., & van Gorp, W. G. (2003). Neurocognitive functioning is associated with employment status: A quantitative review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section A), 25(8), 1186–1191.
  • Kelley, E., Sullivan, C., Loughlin, J. K., Hutson, L., Dahdah, M. N., Long, M. K., … Poole, J. H. (2014). Self-awareness and neurobehavioral outcomes, 5 years or more after moderate to severe brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(2), 147–152.
  • Keyser-Marcus, L. A., Bricout, J. C., Wehman, P., Campbell, L. R., Cifu, D. X., Englander, J., … Zafonte, R. D. (2002). Acute predictors of return to employment after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal follow-up. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83(5), 635–641.
  • Kompier, M. A. (2006). New systems of work organization and workers’ health. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 32(6), 421–430.
  • Levin, H. S., O’Donnell, V. M., & Grossman, R. G. (1979). The Galveston orientation and amnesia test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 167(11), 675–684.
  • Lovstad, M., Funderud, I., Endestad, T., Due-Tonnessen, P., Meling, T. R., Lindgren, M., … Solbakk, A. K. (2012). Executive functions after orbital or lateral prefrontal lesions: Neuropsychological profiles and self-reported executive functions in everyday living. Brain Injury, 26(13–14), 1586–1598.
  • Lovstad, M., Sigurdardottir, S., Andersson, S., Grane, V. A., Moberget, T., Stubberud, J., & Solbakk, A. K. (2016). Behavior rating inventory of executive function adult version in patients with neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions: Symptom levels and relationship to emotional distress. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22(6), 682–694.
  • Maas, A. I., Hukkelhoven, C. W., Marshall, L. F., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2005). Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic characteristics: A comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery, 57(6), 1173–1182.
  • Machamer, J., Temkin, N., Fraser, R., Doctor, J. N., & Dikmen, S. (2005). Stability of employment after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(7), 807–816.
  • Matheson, L. (2010). Executive dysfunction, severity of traumatic brain injury, and IQ in workers with disabilities. Work, 36(4), 413–422.
  • Meyers, J. E., & Meyers, K. R. (1995). Rey complex figure test and recognition trial. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
  • Nakase-Richardson, R., Yablon, S. A., & Sherer, M. (2007). Prospective comparison of acute confusion severity with duration of post-traumatic amnesia in predicting employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78(8), 872–876.
  • Odgaard, L., Johnsen, S. P., Pedersen, A. R., & Nielsen, J. F. (2017). Return to work after severe traumatic brain injury: A nationwide follow-up study. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 32(3), E57–E64.
  • Ownsworth, T., & McKenna, K. (2004). Investigation of factors related to employment outcome following traumatic brain injury: A critical review and conceptual model. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(13), 765–783.
  • Pallant, J. F., & Tennant, A. (2007). An introduction to the Rasch measurement model: An example using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(1), 1–18.
  • Ponsford, J. L., & Spitz, G. (2015). Stability of employment over the first 3 years following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(3), E1–E11.
  • Ponsford, J. L., Spitz, G., & McKenzie, D. (2016). Using post-traumatic amnesia to predict outcome after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(11), 997–1004.
  • Rao, V., Spiro, J. R., Handel, S., & Onyike, C. U. (2008). Clinical correlates of personality changes associated with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 20(1), 118–119.
  • Roe, C., Skandsen, T., Anke, A., Ader, T., Vik, A., Lund, S. B., … Andelic, N. (2013). Severe traumatic brain injury in Norway: Impact of age on outcome. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 45(8), 734–740.
  • Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. K., & Gioia, G. A. (2005). Behavioral rating inventory of executive functions-adult version. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
  • Ruet, A., Jourdan, C., Bayen, E., Darnoux, E., Sahridj, D., Ghout, I., … Azouvi, P. (2017). Employment outcome four years after a severe traumatic brain injury: Results of the Paris severe traumatic brain injury study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 18, 1–8. doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1327992.
  • Sabaz, M., Simpson, G. K., Walker, A. J., Rogers, J. M., Gillis, I., & Strettles, B. (2014). Prevalence, comorbidities, and correlates of challenging behavior among community-dwelling adults with severe traumatic brain injury: A multicenter study. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(2), E19–E30.
  • Saltychev, M., Eskola, M., Tenovuo, O., & Laimi, K. (2013). Return to work after traumatic brain injury: Systematic review. Brain Injury, 27(13–14), 1516–1527.
  • Schonberger, M., Ponsford, J., Olver, J., Ponsford, M., & Wirtz, M. (2011). Prediction of functional and employment outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 82(8), 936–941.
  • Shames, J., Treger, I., Ring, H., & Giaquinto, S. (2007). Return to work following traumatic brain injury: Trends and challenges. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(17), 1387–1395.
  • Sherer, M., Novack, T. A., Sander, A. M., Struchen, M. A., Alderson, A., & Thompson, R. N. (2002). Neuropsychological assessment and employment outcome after traumatic brain injury: A review. The Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section D), 16(2), 157–178.
  • Sigurdardottir, S., Andelic, N., Roe, C., & Schanke, A. K. (2013). Depressive symptoms and psychological distress during the first five years after traumatic brain injury: Relationship with psychosocial stressors, fatigue and pain. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 45(8), 808–814.
  • Sigurdardottir, S., Andelic, N., Wehling, E., Roe, C., Anke, A., Skandsen, T., … Schanke, A. K. (2015). Neuropsychological functioning in a national cohort of severe traumatic brain injury: Demographic and acute injury-related predictors. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(2), E1–E12.
  • Skandsen, T., Lund, T. I., Fredriksli, O., & Vik, A. (2008). Global outcome, productivity and epilepsy 3–8 years after severe head injury. The impact of injury severity. Clinical Rehabilitation, 22(7), 653–662.
  • Spitz, G., Ponsford, J. L., Rudzki, D., & Maller, J. J. (2012). Association between cognitive performance and functional outcome following traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal multilevel examination. Neuropsychology, 26(5), 604–612.
  • Struchen, M. A., Clark, A. N., Sander, A. M., Mills, M. R., Evans, G., & Kurtz, D. (2008). Relation of executive functioning and social communication measures to functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 23(2), 185–198.
  • Sveen, U., Roe, C., Sigurdardottir, S., Skandsen, T., Andelic, N., Manskow, U., … Anke, A. (2016). Rehabilitation pathways and functional independence one year after severe traumatic brain injury. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 52(5), 650–661.
  • Van der Horn, H. J., Spikman, J. M., Jacobs, B., & van der Naalt, J. (2013). Postconcussive complaints, anxiety, and depression related to vocational outcome in minor to severe traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(5), 867–874.
  • Van Velzen, J. M., van Bennekom, C. A., Edelaar, M. J., Sluiter, J. K., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2009). Prognostic factors of return to work after acquired brain injury: A systematic review. Brain Injury, 23(5), 385–395.
  • Waid-Ebbs, J. K., Wen, P. S., Heaton, S. C., Donovan, N. J., & Velozo, C. (2012). The item level psychometrics of the behaviour rating inventory of executive function-adult (BRIEF-A) in a TBI sample. Brain Injury, 26(13–14), 1646–1657.
  • Walker, W. C., Marwitz, J. H., Kreutzer, J. S., Hart, T., & Novack, T. A. (2006). Occupational categories and return to work after traumatic brain injury: A multicenter study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87(12), 1576–1582.
  • Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler adult intelligence scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Whelan-Goodinson, R., Ponsford, J. L., Schonberger, M., & Johnston, L. (2010). Predictors of psychiatric disorders following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 25(5), 320–329.
  • Whelan-Goodinson, R., Ponsford, J., & Schonberger, M. (2008). Association between psychiatric state and outcome following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(10), 850–857.
  • Whiteneck, G., Brooks, C. A., Mellick, D., Harrison-Felix, C., Terrill, M. S., & Noble, K. (2004). Population-based estimates of outcomes after hospitalization for traumatic brain injury in Colorado. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(4), 73–81.
  • Whitnall, L., McMillan, T. M., Murray, G. D., & Teasdale, G. M. (2006). Disability in young people and adults after head injury: 5–7 year follow up of a prospective cohort study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 77(5), 640–645.
  • Williams, M. W., Rapport, L. J., Hanks, R. A., Millis, S. R., & Greene, H. A. (2013). Incremental validity of neuropsychological evaluations to computed tomography in predicting long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(3), 356–375.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.