Impact of socio-economic conditions on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India

References

• Alvar , J , Yactayo , S and Bern , C . 2006 . Leishmaniasis and poverty . Trends in Parasitol , 22 ( 12 ) : 552 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bern , C , Hightower , A W , Chowdhury , R , Ali , M , Amann , J Wagatsuma , Y . 2005 . Risk factors for Kala-Azar in Bangladesh . Emerg Infect Dis. [Internet] , 11 ( 5 ) Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no05/04-0718.htm
   Google Scholar
• [BSG] Bihar State Government . 2009 . Bihar through figures [Internet] Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation, Department of Planning & Development, Government of Bihar, India; [cited 2009 Oct 1]. Available from: http://gov.bih.nic.in/Depts/PlanningDevelopment/Statistics/Figures.htm
   Google Scholar
• Chaves , L F , Cohen , J M , Pascual , M and Wilson , M L . 2008 . social exclusion modifies climate and deforestation impacts on a vector-borne disease . PLoS Negl Trop Dis , 2 ( 2 ) : e176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaves , L F and Pascual , M . 2006 . Climate cycles and forecasts of cutaneous leishmaniasis, a non-stationary vector-borne disease . PLoS Med , 3 ( 8 ) : e295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chowell , G and Sanchez , F . 2006 . Climate-based descriptive models of Dengue fever: The 2002 epidemic in Colima, Mexico . J Environ Health , 68 ( 10 ) : 40 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz , I , Nieto , J , Moreno , J , Canavate , C , Desjeux , P and Alvar , J . 2006 . Leishmania/HIV co-infection in the second decade . Ind J Med Res , March : 357 – 388 .
   Google Scholar
• Davidson , R and MacKinnon , J G . 1993 . Estimation and inference in econometrics , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Depradine , C A and Lovell , E . 2004 . Climatological variables and the incidence of Dengue fever in Barbados . Int J Environ Health Res , 14 : 429 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desjeux , P . 1996 . Leishmaniasis. Public health aspects and control . Clin Dermatol , 14 : 417 – 423 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desjeux , P . 2004 . Leishmaniasis: Current situation and new perspectives . Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis , 27 : 305 – 318 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami , U A . 2008 June 17 . Biharis get work at home, bashers realise their worth Economic Times. Available from: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Biharis_ get_work_at_home_bashers_realise_their_worth/articleshow/3135697.cms
   Google Scholar
• [IOWH] Institute for OneWorld Health . 2007 . VL Factsheet [Internet] [cited 2009 Oct 5]. Available from: http://www.oneworldhealth.org/img/pdfdownloads/Leishmaniasis%20 Fact%20Sheet.pdf
   Google Scholar
• [ICDDR, B] International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh . 2007 . Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: New observations challenge previous assumptions [Internet] Health and Science Bulletin 5 (4) 2007. Available from: http://www.icddrb. org/images/HSB_Eng54_post.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kutner , M , Nachtsheim , C and Neter , J . 2005 . Applied linear statistical models , 5th ed , New York : McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series .
   Google Scholar
• Medical dictionary . 2009 . Definition of Leishmaniasis [Internet] The Free Dictionary by Farlex, Inc.; [cited 2009 Oct 5]. Available from: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Leishmaniasis
   Google Scholar
• [MHFW] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India . 2008 . District Level Household and Facility Survey under Reproductive and Child Health Project (DLHS-3). District Fact Sheet 2007–08 [Internet]. 2008 International Institute for Population Sciences; Deemed University, Mumbai, India; [cited 2009 Sep 21]. Available from: http://nrhm-mis.nic.in
   Google Scholar
• Mubayi , A , Chowell , G , Castillo-Chavez , C , Kribs-Zaleta , C , Siddiqui , N , Kumar , N and Cas , P . 2010 . Transmission dynamics and underreporting of Kala-azar in the Indian State of Bihar . J Theor Biol , 262 ( 1 ) : 177 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myler , P and Fasel , N . 2008 . Leishmania: After the genome , Wymondham , , UK : Caister Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• [NHD] National Human Development . 2001 . Planning Commission, Government of India report [cited 2008 Oct 8]. Available from: http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/nhdrep/nhdch1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rabello , A , Orsini , M and Disch , J . 2003 . Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Brazil: An appraisal . Ann Trop Medical Parasitol , 97 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 17 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ranjan , A , Sur , D , Singh , V P , Siddique , N A , Manna , B , Lal , C S , Sinha , P K , Kishore , K and Bhattacharya , S K . 2005 . Risk factors for Indian Kala-azar . Am J Trop Med Hyg , 73 ( 1 ) : 74 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , R , Laguna , F , Lopez-Velez , R , Medrano , F J , Rosenthal , E , Cacopardo , B and Nigro , L . 2003 . VL in those infected with HIV: Clinical aspects and other opportunistic infections . Annals Trop Med Parasitol , 97 ( 1 ) : S99 – 105 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinha , P K , Ranjan , A , Singh , V P , Das , V N , Pandey , K , Kumar , N , Verma , N , Lal , C S , Sur , D , Manna , B and Bhattacharya , S K . 2006 . Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) the Bihar (India) perspective . J Infect , 53 ( 1 ) : 60 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , S P , Reddy , D C , Rai , M and Sundar , S . 2006 . Serious underreporting of visceral Leishmaniasis through passive case reporting in Bihar, India . Trop Med Int Health , 11 ( 6 ) : 899 – 905 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strom , S . 2006 July 31 . A small charity takes the reins in fighting a neglected disease . The New York Times , Health section
   Google Scholar
• Sundar , S , Thakur , B B , Tandon , A K , Agrawal , N R , Mishra , C P , Mahapatra , T M and Singh , V P . 1994 . Clinicoepidemiological study of drug resistance in Indian Kala-azar . BMJ , 308 ( 6924 ) : 307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• [UNDP] United Nations Development Programme . 2004 . UNDP team in Bihar, India: Annual Media Report [Internet] [cited 2004 Jul 12]. Available from: http://www.undp.org
   Google Scholar
• Uplekar , M , Pathania , V and Raviglione , M . 2001 . Involving private practitioners in tuberculosis control: Issues, interventions and emerging policy framework , Geneva : WHO/CDS/TB/2001.285 . Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_CDS_TB_2001.285
   Google Scholar
• Werneck , G L and Maguire , J H . 2002 . Spatial modeling using mixed models: An ecologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in Terezina, Piauí state, Brasil . Cad Saude Public , 18 ( 3 ) : 633 – 637 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• [WB] World Bank . 1998 . Reducing poverty in India: Options for more effective public services , Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Thakur , C P . 2000 . Socio-economics of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar (India) . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , 94 ( 2 ) : 156 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar